Association of Polymorphism in IL-18 Gene with Periodontitis in Uyghur Adults in Xinjiang and Evidence from Six Case-Control Studies with a Comprehensive Analysis

AIM

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association of IL-18 137 G > C, 607 C > A gene polymorphism in Uyghur population with chronic periodontitis (CP) and combine the results with the meta-analysis.

METHODS

In a case-control study, 200 cases with CP and 100 healthy controls were recruited; IL-18 137 G > C, 607 C > A genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). In the meta-analysis, we used electronic databases, including CNKI, Wan Fang, PubMed, EMBASE databases etc.to obtain relevant research published through June 2020. Studies were considered eligible if odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were provided or calculated from the given data. The size of the combined effect was calculated using STATA 15.0.

RESULTS

Our study revealed significant association between CP and IL-18 137 G > C (P = .045, OR = 1.67), 607 C > A (P = .045, OR = 1.67). The overall meta-analysis revealed significant associations between IL-18 137 G > C polymorphism and CP risk in Allele, dominant, co-dominant and recessive genetic models. The subgroup analysis also showed a significant association between the IL-18 137 G > C and risk for periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis in the Asian (GC+ CC VS. GG: P = .047, OR = 1.64,95%CI = 1.01-2.68).

CONCLUSIONS

IL-18 137 G > C, 607 C > A could be associated with susceptibility to periodontitis in Uyghur population. Further case-control of candidate genes studies targeting larger sample sizes and different ethnic groups are needed to arrive more accurate conclusions.

[Impaired hypoxic ventilatory response and related factors in Han and Uygur patients with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome]

Objective: To investigate the respiratory central hypoxia response and its related factors in Han and Uygur patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS). Methods: One hundred and sixty six OSAHS patients were selected from Jan. 2016 to Dec. 2016 in Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Kelamayi Central Hospital, including 69 cases of Han nationality and 97 cases of Uygur nationality. Seventy-three healthy subjects of Uygur nationality were enrolled as the control group. All of them under went sleep monitoring, nocturnal oxygen saturation (SaO(2)), pulmonary function and respiratory central hypoxia response. Results: The 3 groups were matched for age, gender, body mass index(BMI) and apnea-hypopnea index(AHI). The Uygur patients had a higher oxygen desaturation index (ODI4) [(30±22) per hour vs (18±17) per hour ] than Han patients of the same age and BMI. Compared to Han patients, Uygur patients had weaker hypoxic responsiveness [(-0.41±0.23) L·min(-1)·%(-1) vs (-0.36±0.22) L·min(-1)·%(-1,) P<0.05], and the difference still existed after adjusting for AHI [(-0.31±0.21) L·min(-1)·%(-1) vs (-0.41±0.22) L·min(-1)·%(-1,) P<0.05] in mild OSAHS, but this difference was not significant in severe OSAHS. Conclusions: The central hypoxic response in Uygur OSAHS patients was lower than that in Han OSAHS patients and normal controls.

[Relationship between thyrotropin and urine iodine in Han and Uygur nationalities pregnancy women in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between thyrotropin (TSH) and urine iodine in pregnant women of Han and Uygur ethnic groups in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Methods: A total of 1 568 pregnant who completed screening of TSH and urine iodine in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region hospital from August 2014 to December 2017 were included in the study, 956 cases were Han and the other 612 were Uygur. Basic clinical data, serum TSH, thyroid peroxidase autoantibody (TPOAb) , and urine iodine levels were retrospectively analyzed. Results: (1) General results: The median urine iodine level was 162.6 μg/L (53.4-539.3 μg/L) , and the distribution of urine iodine classification was iodine deficiency 42.9% (672/1 568) , iodine appropriate 36.7% (576/1 568) , iodine slightly high 17.1% (268/1 568) and iodine excess 3.3% (52/1 568) respectively. (2) The median urine iodine levels of Han and Uygur pregnant women were 169.1 μg/L (54.6-583.4 μg/L) and 156.3 μg/L (53.1-539.3 μg/L) respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) .The distribution of urine iodine status in pregnancy between Han and Uygur was significantly different, which were 40.9% (391/956) vs. 45.9% (281/612) in iodine deficiency, 35.4% (338/956) vs. 38.9% (238/612) in iodine appropriate, 20.2% (193/956) vs. 12.3% (75/612) in iodine slightly high and 3.6% (34/956) vs. 2.9% (18/612) in iodine excess. (3) High serum TSH level proportion was significantly higher in Uygur ethnic group, early pregnancy, thyroid peroxidase antibody positive and anti-thyroglobulin antibody positive group when compared with Han, late pregnancy, thyroid peroxidase antibody negative and anti-thyroglobulin antibody negative groups (all P<0.05) . There were no significant differences in different age groups and iodine nutrition groups (P>0.05) . (4) There was no correlation between urinary iodine and TSH levels in all pregnant women (P>0.05) , neither in Han or Uygur group. When further stratified by gestational age, age, and antibody level, there was a positive correlation between urine iodine and serum TSH level in Han pregnant women >30 years old (P<0.05) , and there was a negative correlation in the third trimester in Uygur (P<0.05) . When serum antibody level, gestational week and age were controlled. There was no correlation between urine iodine and serum TSH level in neither group. Conclusions: (1) In Han and Uygur pregnant women, the median urine iodine level and the distribution of urine iodine classification between two ethnic groups are significantly different. (2) The correlation between urine iodine and serum TSH is not identified in Han or Uygur pregnant women.

[Efficiency Analysis of EX16+10Y Kit on Detection of the Uygur Population in Xinjiang Province]

OBJECTIVES

To analyse the efficiency of EX16+10Y kit on the forensic detection of the Uygur in Xinjiang province.

METHODS

The blood samples were extracted from 4 620 male individuals of Uygur in Xinjiang province, and amplified by EX16+10Y kit. The typing of amplification products was performed by 3130xl genetic analyzer.

RESULTS

The genotyping graphs of 15 autosomal STR loci and 10 Y-chromosomal STR loci from 4 620 male individuals of Uygur in Xinjiang province were acquired completely. The genotype distribution of 15 autosomal STR loci was consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The heterozygosity, polymorphism information content and discrimination power of STR loci were 0.637-0.838, 0.580-0.860 and 0.811-0.978, respectively. There were 766 haplotypes in 10 Y -chromosomal STR loci.

CONCLUSIONS

The test results of EX16+10Y kit is accurate and trustworthy, which can simultaneously be used for the individual identification and the screening of paternal pedigree in practical work.

[Correlation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis in Uygur adults]

Objective: To investigate the association between matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis in Uygur adults. Methods: A total of 196 patients with chronic periodontitis and 97 healthy controls were selected from 2 500 Uygur people. Buccal swab samples were taken, the genomic DNA was extracted and the genotype distribution and allele frequency of MMP-9 were determined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The distribution of genotypes, allele frequencies and risk factors were analyzed by chi-square test and multiple logistic regression. Results: Significant difference was found between healthy controls and the mild periodontitis and moderate to severe periodontitis in the MMP-9 1562C/T CC genotype expression (χ(2)=9.901, P=0.002; χ(2)=13.397, P< 0.001), and detectable rate of MMP-9 1562C/T CC genotype in the three groups was 31.3%(30/96), 53.5% (53/99), 27.8%(27/97), respectively. The detectable rate of CT genotype expression in the three groups were 65.6% (63/96), 45.5% (45/99), 69.1% (67/97) respectively and there was significant difference between healthy controls and mild periodontitis and between the mild periodontitis and moderate to severe periodontitis (χ(2)=8.025, P=0.005; χ(2)=11.159, P<0.001). There was also significant difference in allele frequency between healthy controls and mild periodontitis and between mild periodontitis and moderate to severe periodontitis (χ(2)=6.270, P=0.012; χ(2)=8.184, P=0.004). Logistic analysis showed that age under 35 years old was the protective factor of chronic periodontitis (OR=0.061, 95% CI=0.035-0.108, P<0.001) while the male and CT genotype were the risk factors of chronic periodontitis (OR=2.392, 95%CI=1.496-3.819, P<0.001; OR=1.280, 95%CI=0.794-2.067, P=0.031). Conclusions: The susceptibility to chronic periodontitis in Uygur adults in Moyu county of Xinjiang is related to the age and gender and polymorphism of MMP-9. The age over 35 years old, male and CT genotype may be the risk factors of chronic periodontitis in Uygur adults.

UGT1A1 gene polymorphism is associated with toxicity and clinical efficacy of irinotecan-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the relationship between uridine diphosphate glucoronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1)*28/*6 and toxicity and clinical efficacy of irinotecan-based chemotherapy in patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC) in Xinjiang Uygur and Han population.

METHODS

A total of 183 patients (Uygur, 114; Han, 69) with advanced CRC who received the irinotecan-based chemotherapy were enrolled in this retrospective analysis. Polymerase chain reaction amplification and direct sequencing method were used for UGT1A1*28 and UGT1A1*6 polymorphism detection. The patients were followed up to analyze the relationship between different genotypes with adverse reactions and the clinical outcome of irinotecan-based chemotherapy.

RESULTS

Significant differences were found in genotype frequencies of UGT1A1*28 and UGT1A1*28/*6 between Uygur and Han (P = 0.02 and P = 0.002). Uygur and Han patients carrying wild UGT1A1*28 and *6 genotypes appeared to have significantly lower diarrhea incidence (I/II and III/IV) than those carrying mutant genotypes (all P < 0.05). In Uygur patients, UGT1A1*28 genotypes were related with objective response rate and disease control rate (P < 0.05). Compared with *1 allele *1/*1, *1 allele *1/*28*1/*28 mutant of UGT1A1*28 was associated with shorter OS in both Uygur and Han ethnicities (all P < 0.05). Compared with double allele variants (DW), single allele variants (SV), and double allele variants (DV) of UGT1A1*28/*6 were associated with shorter overall survival (OS) in Uygur and Han (all P < 0.05). Cox regression analysis revealed factors significantly influencing OS, including UGT1A1*28, UGT1A1*6, combined genotypes and chemotherapy line in Ugyur, and only combined genotypes in Han (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION

UGT1A1 gene polymorphism predicts irinotecan-related adverse reactions in advanced CRC patients of Xinjiang Uygur and Han nationality; UGT1A1 gene polymorphism is correlated with efficacy and prognosis in Uygur nationality, but only related to prognosis in Han nationality in irinotecan-based chemotherapy.

T313M polymorphism of the PINK1 gene in Parkinson's disease

The present study aimed to investigate the association between T313M polymorphism at exon 4 of the PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1) gene and Parkinson’s disease (PD) in the Uygur and Han populations of Xinjiang, China. Genetic DNA was extracted from 364 patients with PD from the Uygur and Han populations, as well as 346 normal control patients. Four exons of the PINK1 gene were amplified using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The exons were then digested for restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Gene types and allele frequencies were identified using agarose gel electrophoresis followed by DNA sequencing to analyze the T313M polymorphisms. In the Han population, T313M polymorphism allele frequency was observed to be significantly different between the PD group and the control group (χ²=6.247; P<0.05). Significant differences were observed in in the T313M allele and genotype frequencies between the Uygur and Han populations (χ²=5.475 and χ²=10.950, respectively; P<0.05). Polymorphisms in the PINK1 T313M mutation may be associated with genetic susceptibility to PD.

Associations of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide and electrolyte levels with essential hypertension

This study aimed to investigate the associations among the levels of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and electrolytes and essential hypertension (EH) in Uygur, Han and Kazakh populations in Xinjiang. A total of 724 hypertensive participants of different ethnicities from Xinjiang (208 Uygur, 287 Han and 229 Kazakh) and 741 normal controls (208 Uygur, 267 Han and 266 Kazakh) were enrolled. The associations of ANP with serum potassium, serum sodium and blood pressure were assessed. In the normal control (NT) group, the concentration of ANP was higher in the Uygur population than in the Han population, and the concentration in the Han population was higher than that in the Kazakh population (P<0.05). In the EH group, the serum potassium levels of the Uygur and Han populations were higher than that of the Kazakh population (P<0.05). The ANP concentration in the Uygur ethnic group was higher than that in the Han population, which was in turn higher than that in the Kazakh participants (P<0.05). In the Kazakh population, the serum potassium level was significantly lower in the EH group compared with that in the NT group (P<0.05). The serum potassium level was significantly lower and the ANP concentration significantly higher in the EH group compared with those of NT groups in the Uygur and Han populations (P<0.05). Age and body mass index (BMI) were associated with hypertension in the Uygur, Han and Kazakh populations. Low serum potassium may be a risk factor of hypertension in individuals of Uygur and Kazakh ethnicity. Plasma ANP may be a regulatory factor involved in the development of hypertension in Uygur and Han populations.