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Sharma S, Kumar S, Kaur R, Kaur R. Multipotential Alkaline Protease From a Novel Pyxidicoccus sp. 252: Ecofriendly Replacement to Various Chemical Processes. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:722719. [PMID: 34707581 PMCID: PMC8542989 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.722719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A newly isolated alkaline protease-producing myxobacterium was isolated from soil. The strain was identified as Pyxidicoccus sp. S252 on the basis of 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The extracellular alkaline proteases produced by isolate S252 (PyCP) was optimally active in the pH range of 11.0–12.0 and temperature range of 40–50°C The zymogram of PyCP showed six caseinolytic protease bands. The proteases were stable in the pH range of 8.0–10.0 and temperature range of 40–50°C. The activity of PyCP was enhanced in the presence of Na+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Tween-20, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (hydrogen peroxide), whereas in Triton X-100, glycerol, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and Co2+, it was stable. PyCP showed a potential in various applications. The addition of PyCP in the commercial detergent enhanced the wash performance of the detergent by efficiently removing the stains of tomato ketchup and coffee. PyCP efficiently hydrolyzed the gelatin layer on X-ray film to release the embedded silver. PyCP also showed potent dehairing of goat skin and also efficiently deproteinized sea shell waste indicating its application in chitin extraction. Thus, the results of the present study indicate that Pyxidicoccus sp. S252 proteases have the potential to be used as an ecofriendly replacement of chemicals in several industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Shiv Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Rajinder Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India
| | - Ramandeep Kaur
- Department Cum National Centre for Human Genome Studies and Research, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Farkas B, Bujdoš M, Polák F, Matulová M, Cesnek M, Duborská E, Zvěřina O, Kim H, Danko M, Kisová Z, Matúš P, Urík M. Bioleaching of Manganese Oxides at Different Oxidation States by Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus niger. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:808. [PMID: 34682230 DOI: 10.3390/jof7100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aimed to examine the bioleaching of manganese oxides at various oxidation states (MnO, MnO·Mn2O3, Mn2O3 and MnO2) by a strain of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger, a frequent soil representative. Our results showed that the fungus effectively disintegrated the crystal structure of selected mineral manganese phases. Thereby, during a 31-day static incubation of oxides in the presence of fungus, manganese was bioextracted into the culture medium and, in some cases, transformed into a new biogenic mineral. The latter resulted from the precipitation of extracted manganese with biogenic oxalate. The Mn(II,III)-oxide was the most susceptible to fungal biodeterioration, and up to 26% of the manganese content in oxide was extracted by the fungus into the medium. The detected variabilities in biogenic oxalate and gluconate accumulation in the medium are also discussed regarding the fungal sensitivity to manganese. These suggest an alternative pathway of manganese oxides’ biodeterioration via a reductive dissolution. There, the oxalate metabolites are consumed as the reductive agents. Our results highlight the significance of fungal activity in manganese mobilization and transformation. The soil fungi should be considered an important geoactive agent that affects the stability of natural geochemical barriers.
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Farkas B, Kolenčík M, Hain M, Dobročka E, Kratošová G, Bujdoš M, Feng H, Deng Y, Yu Q, Illa R, Sunil BR, Kim H, Matúš P, Urík M. Aspergillus niger Decreases Bioavailability of Arsenic(V) via Biotransformation of Manganese Oxide into Biogenic Oxalate Minerals. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040270. [PMID: 33182297 PMCID: PMC7711977 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the transformation of manganese oxide (hausmannite) by microscopic filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger and the effects of the transformation on mobility and bioavailability of arsenic. Our results showed that the A. niger strain CBS 140837 greatly affected the stability of hausmannite and induced its transformation into biogenic crystals of manganese oxalates—falottaite and lindbergite. The transformation was enabled by fungal acidolysis of hausmannite and subsequent release of manganese ions into the culture medium. While almost 45% of manganese was bioextracted, the arsenic content in manganese precipitates increased throughout the 25-day static cultivation of fungus. This significantly decreased the bioavailability of arsenic for the fungus. These results highlight the unique A. niger strain’s ability to act as an active geochemical factor via its ability to acidify its environment and to induce formation of biogenic minerals. This affects not only the manganese speciation, but also bioaccumulation of potentially toxic metals and metalloids associated with manganese oxides, including arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bence Farkas
- Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.F.); (M.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Marek Kolenčík
- Department of Soil Science and Geology, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
| | - Miroslav Hain
- Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Edmund Dobročka
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences in Bratislava, 84104 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Gabriela Kratošová
- Nanotechnology Centre, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 70833 Ostrava, Czech Republic;
| | - Marek Bujdoš
- Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.F.); (M.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Huan Feng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (H.F.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA; (H.F.); (Y.D.)
| | - Qian Yu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;
| | - Ramakanth Illa
- Department of Chemistry, Rajiv Gandhi University of Knowledge Technologies, AP IIIT, Nuzvid 521202, India;
| | - B. Ratna Sunil
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla 522101, India;
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea;
| | - Peter Matúš
- Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.F.); (M.B.); (P.M.)
| | - Martin Urík
- Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia; (B.F.); (M.B.); (P.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-290-149-392
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Duborská E, Szabó K, Bujdoš M, Vojtková H, Littera P, Dobročka E, Kim H, Urík M. Assessment of Aspergillus niger Strain's Suitability for Arsenate-Contaminated Water Treatment and Adsorbent Recycling via Bioextraction in a Laboratory-Scale Experiment. Microorganisms 2020; 8:E1668. [PMID: 33121130 PMCID: PMC7693371 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, the viability of bioaccumulation and bioextraction processes for arsenic removal from contaminated waters, as well as the recycling of arsenate-treated amorphous ferric oxyhydroxide adsorbent (FeOOH) were evaluated using the common soil microscopic filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. After treating the contaminated arsenate solution (100 mg As L-1) with FeOOH, the remaining solution was exposed to the growing fungus during a static 19-day cultivation period to further decrease the arsenic concentration. Our data indicated that although the FeOOH adsorbent is suitable for arsenate removal with up to 84% removal efficiency, the fungus was capable of accumulating only up to 13.2% of the remaining arsenic from the culture media. This shows that the fungus A. niger, although highly praised for its application in environmental biotechnology research, was insufficient for decreasing the arsenic contamination to an environmentally acceptable level. However, the bioextraction of arsenic from arsenate-treated FeOOH proved relatively effective for reuse of the adsorbent. Due to its production of acidic metabolites, which decreased pH below 2.7, the fungal strain was capable of removing of up to 98.2% of arsenic from the arsenate-treated FeOOH adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Duborská
- Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.D.); (K.S.); (M.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Kinga Szabó
- Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.D.); (K.S.); (M.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Marek Bujdoš
- Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.D.); (K.S.); (M.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Hana Vojtková
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Mining and Geology (FMG), Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 2172/15, 708 00 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic;
| | - Pavol Littera
- Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.D.); (K.S.); (M.B.); (P.L.)
| | - Edmund Dobročka
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia;
| | - Hyunjung Kim
- Department of Mineral Resources and Energy Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567, Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54896, Korea;
| | - Martin Urík
- Institute of Laboratory Research on Geomaterials, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mlynská dolina, Ilkovičova 6, 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia; (E.D.); (K.S.); (M.B.); (P.L.)
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Gómez-Ríos D, Navarro G, Monsalve P, Barrera-Zapata R, Ríos-Estepa R. Aspen Plus Simulation Strategies Applied to the Study of Chitin Bioextraction from Shrimp Waste. Food Technol Biotechnol 2019; 57:238-248. [PMID: 31537973 PMCID: PMC6718959 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.57.02.19.6003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chitin is an aminopolysaccharide of industrial interest commonly obtained from shrimp processing waste through chemical or biotechnological means. Current environmental concerns offer a stimulating perspective for chitin bioextraction with lactic acid bacteria since a considerable reduction in the use of corrosive and pollutant products is possible. Nevertheless, the efficiency of this bioprocess is still a matter of discussion. In this work, the experimental studies of chitin bioextraction from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) waste with a mixed culture of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus are used in process simulation using Aspen Plus software for the analysis of the potential application of a bioprocess on plant scale. The experimental results of characterization in shake flasks and 1-litre bioreactor indicated that 50 h of fermentation with the mixed culture of lactic acid bacteria was enough to extract more than 90% of minerals and proteins from the shrimp waste. The use of experimental parameters in the simulation allowed a reliable representation of the bioprocess yielding normalized root mean square values below 10%. Simulation was used for the assessment of the impact of the raw material variability on the production costs and gross margin. In this regard, the gross margin of the operation ranged from 42 to 52% depending on the raw material composition and product yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gómez-Ríos
- Group of Bioprocesses, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Grace Navarro
- Group of Bioprocesses, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Paola Monsalve
- Group of Bioprocesses, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Rolando Barrera-Zapata
- Group CERES, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
| | - Rigoberto Ríos-Estepa
- Group CERES, Chemical Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, University of Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
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Diep P, Mahadevan R, Yakunin AF. Heavy Metal Removal by Bioaccumulation Using Genetically Engineered Microorganisms. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:157. [PMID: 30420950 PMCID: PMC6215804 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Wastewater effluents from mines and metal refineries are often contaminated with heavy metal ions, so they pose hazards to human and environmental health. Conventional technologies to remove heavy metal ions are well-established, but the most popular methods have drawbacks: chemical precipitation generates sludge waste, and activated carbon and ion exchange resins are made from unsustainable non-renewable resources. Using microbial biomass as the platform for heavy metal ion removal is an alternative method. Specifically, bioaccumulation is a natural biological phenomenon where microorganisms use proteins to uptake and sequester metal ions in the intracellular space to utilize in cellular processes (e.g., enzyme catalysis, signaling, stabilizing charges on biomolecules). Recombinant expression of these import-storage systems in genetically engineered microorganisms allows for enhanced uptake and sequestration of heavy metal ions. This has been studied for over two decades for bioremediative applications, but successful translation to industrial-scale processes is virtually non-existent. Meanwhile, demands for metal resources are increasing while discovery rates to supply primary grade ores are not. This review re-thinks how bioaccumulation can be used and proposes that it can be developed for bioextractive applications-the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions for downstream purification and refining, rather than disposal. This review consolidates previously tested import-storage systems into a biochemical framework and highlights efforts to overcome obstacles that limit industrial feasibility, thereby identifying gaps in knowledge and potential avenues of research in bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alexander F. Yakunin
- BioZone - Centre for Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Grizzle RE, Ward KM, Peter CR, Cantwell M, Katz D, Sullivan J. Growth, morphometrics, and nutrient content of farmed eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin), in New Hampshire, USA. Aquac Res 2017; 48:1525-1537. [PMID: 30123043 PMCID: PMC6093306 DOI: 10.1111/are.12988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
When harvested, oysters represent a removal from the ecosystem of nutrients such as nitrogen (N) and carbon (C). A number of factors potentially affect nutrient content, but a quantitative understanding across the geographic range of the eastern oysters is lacking. The present study was designed to quantify the relationships among various metrics of farmed eastern oysters near its northern geographic range focusing on nutrient content. Hatchery-reared oysters were deployed in polyethylene bags at six sites, and were measured on multiple occasions from 2010-2012. A quadratic polynomial fit to the combined datasets for shell height indicated that on average a 'cocktail' size oyster (63 mm shell height) would be reached after 2 yr, and 'regular' size (76 mm) would require 3 yr. There were significant differences in growth rates and oyster nutrient content among the sites; means for %N in soft tissue ranged from 6.9 to 8.6, and 0.07 to 0.18 in shell. Percent N in soft tissue and shell were highest at two sites at the mouths of rivers with elevated dissolved inorganic N concentrations in the water. Grand means (all sites, seasons and years combined) of soft tissue N and C for regular size oysters were 7.3% and 38.5%, respectively; and for shell N and C were 0.13% and 12.0%, respectively. Our study extends the range of data on nutrient content of the eastern oyster to northern New England, and indicates that oyster size, seasonality, and nutrient concentration in ambient water potentially affect %N and %C content of oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Grizzle
- University of New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - K M Ward
- University of New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - C R Peter
- University of New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Laboratory, Durham, NH 03824 USA
| | - M Cantwell
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Human and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA
| | - D Katz
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Human and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA
| | - J Sullivan
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Human and Environmental Effects Research Lab, Atlantic Ecology Division, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA
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