Biomimetic Nanoparticles Enhance Recovery of Movement Disorders in Parkinson's Disease by Improving Microglial Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Suppressing Neuroinflammation

Neuroinflammation is a key risk factor for cognitive impairment, and microglia are the main drivers. Metformin has been shown to suppress inflammation and reduce microglial activation, protecting neurons from damage. However, its clinical efficacy is limited by low bioavailability and metabolic challenges, especially in terms of precise delivery to specific targets. To overcome this problem, we developed biomimetic microglial nanoparticles (MePN@BM) to enhance the targeted delivery and bioavailability of metformin. Through homologous targeting, the delivery efficiency of drugs in the inflammatory site of Parkinson's disease was enhanced to improve the therapeutic effect. The results showed that MePN@BM effectively delivers metformin to the brain, promotes autophagy, restores mitochondrial membrane potential, and reduces oxidative stress. In a Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model, MePN@BM improved motor function, repaired dopaminergic neurons, and cleared α-synuclein aggregates. Notably, transcriptome analysis revealed enriched inflammation-related pathways, and immunofluorescence showed that PD mice treated with MePN@BM had higher levels of anti-inflammatory factors and lower levels of pro-inflammatory factors. Therefore, it provides a promising strategy for the treatment of inflammation-mediated motor dysfunction.

Recent advances in cancer cell bionic nanoparticles for tumour therapy

Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have found extensive use in delivering oncology therapeutics; however, some delivery vehicles still exhibit rapid immune clearance, lack of biocompatibility and insufficient targeting. In recent years, bionanoparticles constructed from tumour cell membranes have gained momentum as tumour-targeting therapeutic agents. Cancer cell membrane-coated nanoparticles (CCMCNPs) typically consist of a drug-loaded nanoparticle core coated with cancer cell membrane. CCMCNPs retain homologous tumour cell surface antigens, receptors and proteins, and it has been shown that the modified nanoparticles exhibit better homologous targeting, immune escape and biocompatibility. CCMCNPs are now widely used in a variety of cancer treatments, including photothermal, photodynamic and sonodynamic therapies, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, chemodynamical therapy or other combination therapies. This article presents different therapeutic approaches using multimodal antitumour therapy-combination of two or more therapies that treat tumours synergistically-based on tumour cell membrane systems. The advantages of CCMCNPs in different cancer treatments in recent years are summarised, thus, providing new strategies for cancer treatment research.