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Salvo A, Masciulli F, Ambroselli D, Romano E, Ingallina C, Spano M, Di Matteo G, Giusti AM, Di Sotto A, Percaccio E, Di Giacomo S, Vinci G, Prencipe SA, Acciaro E, Sobolev AP, Costantini L, Merendino N, Giulianelli R, Campiglia E, Mannina L. Hydrolysates from cauliflower and artichoke industrial wastes as biostimulants on seed germination and seedling growth: a chemical and biological characterization. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2025; 105:151-161. [PMID: 39155832 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.) and globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) are vegetables with a high waste index mainly related to stems and leaves. In this study, enzymatic hydrolysates obtained from these wastes were proposed to be used as plant biostimulants. Life cycle assessment methodology was also applied to evaluate environmental performances related to cauliflower and artichoke byproducts. RESULTS Hydrolysates (HYs) were chemically and biologically characterized. Amino acids, organic acids, amines, polyols, mineral elements, phenols, tannins, flavonoids and sulfur compounds were identified and quantified by means of NMR, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and UV-visible analyses. Cauliflower leaf and flower HYs showed the highest concentration of free amino acids, whereas stems showed the highest concentration of Ca. Regarding artichoke, asparagine, glutamine and aspartic acid were exclusively detected in stems, whereas artichoke leaves showed the highest Mg and Mn levels together with the highest antioxidant activity. The HYs diluted in water were tested as biostimulants. The impacts of five concentrations of HYs (0.00, 0.28, 0.84, 2.52 and 7.56 g L-1) on seed germination and early seedling growth of crimson clover, alfalfa, durum wheat and corn were investigated. CONCLUSIONS The application of artichoke biostimulant (0.28 g L-1) positively influenced the coefficient of velocity of germination in alfalfa, crimson clover and durum wheat, whereas cauliflower biostimulant significantly improved corn germination speed. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Iliadi MK, Varveri M, Tsitsigiannis DI. Biological and Chemical Management of Aspergillus carbonarius and Ochratoxin A in Vineyards. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:527. [PMID: 39728785 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16120527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2024] [Revised: 11/27/2024] [Accepted: 12/03/2024] [Indexed: 12/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a widely distributed mycotoxin and potent carcinogen produced by several fungal genera, but mainly by Aspergillus carbonarius. Grape contamination occurs in vineyards during the period between veraison and pre-harvest, and it is the main cause of OTA's presence in wine. The aim of the current study was the evaluation of 6 chemical and 11 biological plant protection products (PPPs) and biocontrol agents in commercial vineyards of the two important Greek white wine varieties cv. Malagousia and cv. Savatiano. The PPPs were applied in a 4-year vineyard study as single treatments or/and in combinations as part of IPM systems. Subsequently, nine strains of Aspergillus carbonarius were investigated for their sensitivity against seven active compounds of synthetic fungicides. During the multi-year field trials, various novel management systems, including consortia of biocontrol agents, were revealed to be effective against Aspergillus sour rot and OTA production. However, expected variability was observed in the experimental results, indicating the dynamic character of biological systems and highlighting the possible inconsistency of PPPs' efficacy in a changing environment. Furthermore, the IPM systems developed effectuated an optimized control of A. carbonarius, leading to 100% inhibition of OTA contamination, showing the importance of using both chemical and biological PPPs for disease management and prevention of fungal fungicide resistance. Finally, the majority of A. carbonarius tested strains were found to be sensitive against the pure active compounds used (fludioxonil, azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, tebuconazole, cyprodinil, pyrimethanil and boscalid), with only a few exceptions of developed resistance towards boscalid.
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Soares EV, Petropoulos SA, Soares HMVM. Editorial: Bio-based solutions for sustainable development of agriculture, volume II. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1510226. [PMID: 39610892 PMCID: PMC11602320 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1510226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/30/2024]
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Herrmann MN, Griffin LG, John R, Mosquera-Rodríguez SF, Nkebiwe PM, Chen X, Yang H, Müller T. Limitations of soil-applied non-microbial and microbial biostimulants in enhancing soil P turnover and recycled P fertilizer utilization - a study with and without plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1465537. [PMID: 39600894 PMCID: PMC11588478 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1465537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Phosphorus recovery from waste streams is a global concern due to open nutrient cycles. However, the reliability and efficiency of recycled P fertilizers are often low. Biostimulants (BS), as a potential enhancer of P availability in soil, could help to overcome current barriers using recycled P fertilizers. For this, a deeper understanding of the influence of BSs on soil P turnover and the interaction of BSs with plants is needed. Methods We conducted an incubation and a pot trial with maize in which we testednon-microbial (humic acids and plant extracts) and microbial BSs (microbial consortia) in combination with two recycled fertilizers for their impact on soil P turnover, plant available P, and plant growth. Results and discussion BSs could not stimulate P turnover processes (phosphatase activity, microbial biomass P) and had a minor impact on calcium acetate-lactate extractable P (CAL-P) in the incubation trial. Even though stimulation of microbial P turnover by the microbial consortium and humic acids in combination with the sewage sludge ash could be identified in the plant trial with maize, this was not reflected in the plant performance and soil P turnover processes. Concerning the recycled P fertilizers, the CAL-P content in soil was not a reliable predictor of plant performance with both products resulting in competitive plant growth and P uptake. While this study questions the reliability of BSs, it also highlights the necessity toimprove our understanding and distinguish the mechanisms of P mobilization in soil and the stimulation of plant P acquisition to optimize future usage.
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Bellotti G, Sanou P, Sunzini P, Tabaglio V, Cocconcelli PS, Puglisi E. Draft genome sequences of four plant-associated free-living diazotrophs isolated from the rhizosphere of Malian tomato. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0056824. [PMID: 39436066 PMCID: PMC11555994 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00568-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This announcement reports the draft genome sequences of two Azospirillum argentinense and two Azotobacter salinestris isolated from the rhizosphere of a tomato plant grown in a village in the Republic of Mali. These strains are plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and are highly valuable to agriculture for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen.
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Rojas-Pirela M, Carillo P, Lárez-Velásquez C, Romanazzi G. Effects of chitosan on plant growth under stress conditions: similarities with plant growth promoting bacteria. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1423949. [PMID: 39582624 PMCID: PMC11581901 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1423949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 10/16/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024]
Abstract
The agricultural use of synthetic pesticides, fertilizers, and growth regulators may represent a serious public health and environmental problem worldwide. All this has prompted the exploration of alternative chemical compounds, leading to exploring the potential of chitosan and PGPB in agricultural systems as a potential biotechnological solution to establish novel agricultural production practices that not only result in fewer adverse impacts on health and the environment but also improve the resilience and growth of the plants. In this work, an analysis of the impact of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) and chitosan on plant growth and protection has been conducted, emphasizing the crucial bioactivities of the resistance of the plants to both biotic and abiotic stressors. These include inducing phytohormone production, mobilization of insoluble soil nutrients, biological nitrogen fixation, ethylene level regulation, controlling soil phytopathogens, etc. Moreover, some relevant aspects of chitin and chitosan are discussed, including their chemical structures, sources, and how their physical properties are related to beneficial effects on agricultural applications and mechanisms of action. The effects of PGPB and chitosan on photosynthesis, germination, root development, and protection against plant diseases have been compared, emphasizing the intriguing similarities and synergistic effects observed in some of these aspects. Although currently there are limited studies focused on the combined application of PGPB and chitosan, it would be important to consider the similarities highlighted in this work, and those that may emerge in future studies or through well-designed investigations, because these could permit advancing towards a greater knowledge of these systems and to obtain better formulations by combining these bioproducts, especially for use in the new contexts of sustainable agriculture. Thus, it seems feasible to augur a promising near future for these combinations, considering the wide range of possibilities offered by chitinous biomaterials for the development of innovative formulations, as well as allowing different application methods. Likewise, the studies related to the PGPB effects on plant growth appear to be expanding due to ongoing research to test on plants the impacts of microorganisms derived from different environments, whether known or recently discovered, making it a very exciting field of research.
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Kazakov P, Alseekh S, Ivanova V, Gechev T. Biostimulant-Based Molecular Priming Improves Crop Quality and Enhances Yield of Raspberry and Strawberry Fruits. Metabolites 2024; 14:594. [PMID: 39590830 PMCID: PMC11596280 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14110594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2024] [Revised: 10/30/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES The biostimulant SuperFifty, produced from the brown algae Ascophyllum nodosum, can improve crop quality and yield and mitigate stress tolerance in model and crop plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana, pepper, and tomato. However, the effect of SuperFifty on raspberries and strawberries has not been well studied, especially in terms of nutritional properties and yield. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SuperFifty on the quality and quantity of raspberry and strawberry fruits, with a focus on metabolic composition and essential elements, which together determine the nutritional properties and total yield of these two crops. METHODS Metabolome analysis was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS), and essential elements analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that SuperFifty increases the fruit size of both raspberries and strawberries and enhances the yield in these two berry crops by 42.1% (raspberry) and 33.9% (strawberry) while preserving the nutritional properties of the fruits. Metabolome analysis of 100 metabolites revealed that antioxidants, essential amino acids, organic acids, sugars, and vitamins, such as glutathione, alanine, asparagine, histidine, threonine, serine, tryptophan, sucrose, citric acid, pantothenic acid (vitamin B5), as well as other primary metabolites, remain the same in the SuperFifty-primed fruits. Secondary metabolites, such as caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, kaempferol, and quercetin, also maintained their levels in the SuperFifty-primed fruits. Analysis of essential elements demonstrated that elements important for human health, such as Zn, Mn, Fe, B, Cu, K, and Ca, maintain the same levels in the raspberry and strawberry fruits obtained from the biostimulant-primed plants. Magnesium, an important element known as a co-factor in many enzymatic reactions related to both plant physiology and human health, increased in both raspberry and strawberry fruits primed with SuperFifty. Finally, we discuss the potential financial and health benefits of the SuperFifty-induced priming for both growers and consumers. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that SuperFifty significantly enhances the yield of both raspberries and strawberries, improves the marketable grade of the fruits (larger and heavier fruits), and enhances the nutritional properties by elevating Mg content in the fruits. Altogether, this biostimulant-induced molecular priming offers an environmentally friendly, efficient, and sustainable way to enhance the yield and quality of berry crops, with clear benefits to both berry producers and customers.
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Giannakoula A, Ouzounidou G, Stefanou S, Daskas G, Dichala O. Effects of Biostimulants on the Eco-Physiological Traits and Fruit Quality of Black Chokeberry ( Aronia melanocarpa L.). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:3014. [PMID: 39519933 PMCID: PMC11548661 DOI: 10.3390/plants13213014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2024] [Revised: 10/12/2024] [Accepted: 10/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Biostimulants contribute to the physiological growth of plants by enhancing the quality characteristics of fruit without harming the environment. In addition, biostimulants applied to plants strengthen nutritional efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance, and fruit biochemical traits. We investigated the effectiveness of specific organic biostimulants. Five treatments were tested: (1) control (H2O, no biostimulants); (2) Magnablue + Keyplex 350 (Mgl + Kpl350); (3) Cropobiolife + Keyplex 120 (Cpl + Kpl120); (4) Keyplex 120 (Kpl120); and (5) Magnablue + Cropobiolife + Keyplex 120 (Mgl + Cpl + Kpl120) on the mineral uptake and physiology in black chokeberry (Aronia) plants, as well as the quality of their berries. The different treatments were applied to three-year-old chokeberry plants, and the experimental process in the field lasted from May to September 2022 until the harvest of ripe fruits. Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES) revealed that the fifth treatment significantly increased concentrations of P, Ca, and K. Additionally, the fifth treatment enhanced photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm), water-splitting efficiency (Fv/Fo) in PSII, and the performance index (PI) of both PSI and PSII in chokeberry leaves. Improvements in photosynthesis, such as CO2 assimilation (A), transpiration (E), and water-use efficiency (A/E), were also noted under biostimulant applications. Upon harvesting the ripe fruits, part of them was placed at room temperature at 25 °C, while the rest were stored at 4 °C, RH 90% for 7 days. The cultivation with biostimulants had beneficial effects on the maintenance of flesh consistency, ascorbic acid concentration, and weight of berries at 4 and 25 °C, especially in the 5th treatment. Moreover, the total antioxidant capacity, anthocyanin concentration, and total phenols of the berries were notably higher in the third and fifth treatments compared to the control. These data suggest that selecting appropriate biostimulants can enhance plant yield and fruit quality by potentially activating secondary metabolite pathways.
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Dias MC, Figueiras R, Sousa M, Araújo M, de Oliveira JMPF, Pinto DCGA, Silva AMS, Santos C. Ascophyllum nodosum Extract Improves Olive Performance Under Water Deficit Through the Modulation of Molecular and Physiological Processes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2908. [PMID: 39458857 PMCID: PMC11511455 DOI: 10.3390/plants13202908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2024] [Revised: 10/03/2024] [Accepted: 10/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
The olive tree is well adapted to the Mediterranean climate, but how orchards based on intensive practices will respond to increasing drought is unknown. This study aimed to determine if the application of a commercial biostimulant improves olive tolerance to drought. Potted plants (cultivars Arbequina and Galega) were pre-treated with an extract of Ascophyllum nodosum (four applications, 200 mL of 0.50 g/L extract per plant), and were then well irrigated (100% field capacity) or exposed to water deficit (50% field capacity) for 69 days. Plant height, photosynthesis, water status, pigments, lipophilic compounds, and the expression of stress protective genes (OeDHN1-protective proteins' dehydrin; OePIP1.1-aquaporin; and OeHSP18.3-heat shock proteins) were analyzed. Water deficit negatively affected olive physiology, but the biostimulant mitigated these damages through the modulation of molecular and physiological processes according to the cultivar and irrigation. A. nodosum benefits were more expressive under water deficit, particularly in Galega, promoting height (increase of 15%) and photosynthesis (increase of 34%), modulating the stomatal aperture through the regulation of OePIP1.1 expression, and keeping OeDHN1 and OeHSP18.3 upregulated to strengthen stress protection. In both cultivars, biostimulant promoted carbohydrate accumulation and intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE). Under good irrigation, biostimulant increased energy availability and iWUE in Galega. These data highlight the potential of this biostimulant to improve olive performance, providing higher tolerance to overcome climate change scenarios. The use of this biostimulant can improve the establishment of younger olive trees in the field, strengthen the plant's capacity to withstand field stresses, and lead to higher growth and crop productivity.
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Drygaś B, Piechowiak T, Kreczko J, Matłok N, Saletnik B, Balawejder M. The Utilisation of Fucus vesiculosus Algae Extracts in the Production of Microgreens Hordeum vulgare L. with an Increased Content of Selected Bioactive Compounds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2871. [PMID: 39458818 PMCID: PMC11511399 DOI: 10.3390/plants13202871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2024] [Revised: 10/01/2024] [Accepted: 10/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/28/2024]
Abstract
Algae extracts may be a promising alternative to harmful chemicals and pesticides used commercially in the cultivation of plants with higher nutritional and health-promoting values. The cultivation of barley microgreens (Hordeum vulgare L.) was facilitated by the use of aqueous extracts from Fucus vesiculosus algae, which served as a biostimulant. Seeds for experiments were produced in accordance with EU standards, certified as organic and used to grow plants in a controlled pot experiment. A qualitative analysis of the extract, which was used to irrigate the plants, was also performed in this study, as well as stimulating properties by activating the system protecting against oxidative stress. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFV) and enzymes involved in their formation such as phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO), as well as enzymes involved in the removal of reactive oxygen species such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were determined in the obtained microgreen samples. Antioxidant activity against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) was also evaluated. A noticeable increase in SOD content and antioxidant activity against DPPH was observed in barley microgreen samples after extract treatment. These results suggest that the use of extracts of this beneficial alga can enhance the antioxidant activity of the barley microgreens.
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Arimura GI, Uemura T. Cracking the plant VOC sensing code and its practical applications. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024:S1360-1385(24)00238-3. [PMID: 39395880 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2024.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 10/14/2024]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are essential airborne mediators of interactions between plants. These plant-plant interactions require sophisticated VOC-sensing mechanisms that enable plants to regulate their defenses against pests. However, these interactions are not limited to specific plants or even conspecifics, and can function in very flexible interactions between plants. Sensing and responding to VOCs in plants is finely controlled by their uptake and transport systems as well as by cellular signaling via, for example, chromatin remodeling system-based transcriptional regulation for defense gene activation. Based on the accumulated knowledge about the interactions between plants and their major VOCs, companion plants and biostimulants are being developed for practical applications in agricultural and horticultural pest control, providing a sustainable alternative to harmful chemicals.
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Ostria-Gallardo E, Bascuñán-Godoy L, Fernández Del-Saz N. Editorial: Nitrogen metabolism in crops and model plant species. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1502273. [PMID: 39439505 PMCID: PMC11493684 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1502273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/30/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
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Benito P, Celdrán M, Bellón J, Arbona V, González-Guzmán M, Porcel R, Yenush L, Mulet JM. The combination of a microbial and a non-microbial biostimulant increases yield in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under salt stress conditions by up-regulating cytokinin biosynthesis. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 66:2140-2157. [PMID: 39109941 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/19/2024]
Abstract
Salinization poses a significant challenge in agriculture, exacerbated by anthropogenic global warming. Biostimulants, derived from living microorganisms or natural extracts, have emerged as valuable tools for conventional and organic agriculture. However, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of biostimulants is very limited, especially in crops under real cultivation conditions. In this study, we adopted an integrative approach to investigate the effectiveness of the combined application of plant growth-promoting bacterium (Bacillus megaterium strain BM08) and a non-microbial biostimulant under control conditions (normal watering) and salt stress. After confirming the yield increase under both conditions, we investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effect by measuring a number of physiological parameters (i.e., lipid peroxidation, antioxidants, chlorophylls, total phenolics and phytohormone content), as well as RNA sequencing and primary metabolite analyses. Our findings reveal that the combined effect of the microbial and non-microbial biostimulants led to a decrease in the antioxidant response and an up-regulation of genes involved in cytokinin biosynthesis under salt stress conditions. This, in turn, resulted in a higher concentration of the bioactive cytokinin, isopentenyladenosine, in roots and leaves and an increase in γ-aminobutyric acid, a non-proteic amino acid related to abiotic stress responses. In addition, we observed a decrease in malic acid, along with an abscisic acid (ABA)-independent up-regulation of SR-kinases, a family of protein kinases associated with abiotic stress responses. Furthermore, we observed that the single application of the non-microbial biostimulant triggers an ABA-dependent response under salt stress; however, when combined with the microbial biostimulant, it potentiated the mechanisms triggered by the BM08 bacterial strain. This comprehensive investigation shows that the combination of two biostimulants is able to elicit a cytokinin-dependent response that may explain the observed yield increase under salt stress conditions.
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Giménez A, Gallegos-Cedillo VM, Benaissa RR, Egea-Gilabert C, Signore A, Ochoa J, Gruda NS, Arnao MB, Fernández JA. Enhancing the cultivation of Salicornia fruticosa with agroindustrial compost leachates in a cascade cropping system: evaluating the impact of melatonin application. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1441884. [PMID: 39319005 PMCID: PMC11420923 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1441884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Cascade cropping systems (CCS) utilize leachate from a primary crop to grow secondary crops and enhance the efficient use of water and fertilizers in areas with scarce water resources. A preliminary study investigated the effect of melatonin in a cascade cropping system to potentially improve plant tolerance to abiotic stresses. This study aimed to cultivate Salicornia fruticosa in this cropping system to reduce nutrient discharge and assess the impact of exogenous melatonin on Salicornia growth and quality. The CCS included a primary crop of Salicornia grown in an agro-industrial compost or peat. Leachates from these media were used to cultivate the same plant once again in a floating system under four treatments: compost leachate (T1), peat leachate (T2), 100% nutrient solution (NS) (T3), 50% NS (T4) strength. Four concentrations of exogenous melatonin were applied in foliar spray: 0, 100, 200, and 400 µM. Melatonin application increased yield, with the highest values observed when plants were grown in T1. Water use efficiency was also maximized in T1 and with both 200 and 400 µM melatonin applications. The highest nitrogen use efficiency was achieved in plants grown in peat leachate. The lipid membrane damage was assessed revealing that plants grown in compost leachate exhibited the lowest MDA values regardless of melatonin concentrations. The accumulation of some antinutritional compounds (nitrate, oxalate, and sodium) were the highest in those plants grown in compost leachate. Overall, shoots grown in peat leachate exhibited the best phytochemical profile (total phenol content, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity), with peak values in plants treated with 200 µM melatonin. These findings suggest that S. fruticosa can be effectively cultivated using leachate from a previous crop in a floating system and that exogenous melatonin application enhances the yield and nutritional quality of Salicornia shoots.
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Trovão M, Schüler L, Pedroso H, Reis A, Santo GE, Barros A, Correia N, Ribeiro J, Bombo G, Gama F, Viana C, Costa MM, Ferreira S, Cardoso H, Varela J, Silva J, Freitas F, Pereira H. Isolation and Selection of Protein-Rich Mutants of Chlorella vulgaris by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting with Enhanced Biostimulant Activity to Germinate Garden Cress Seeds. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2441. [PMID: 39273926 PMCID: PMC11396921 DOI: 10.3390/plants13172441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising feedstock with proven biostimulant activity that is enhanced by their biochemical components (e.g., amino acids and phytohormones), which turns them into an appealing feedstock to reduce the use of fertilisers in agriculture and improve crop productivity and resilience. Thus, this work aimed to isolate protein-rich microalgal mutants with increased biostimulant activity. Random mutagenesis was performed with Chlorella vulgaris, and a selection of protein-rich mutants were sorted through fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), resulting in the isolation of 17 protein-rich mutant strains with protein contents 19-34% higher than that of the wildtype (WT). Furthermore, mutant F4 displayed a 38%, 22% and 62% higher biomass productivity, growth rate and chlorophyll content, respectively. This mutant was then scaled up to a 7 L benchtop reactor to produce biomass and evaluate the biostimulant potential of this novel strain towards garden cress seeds. Compared to water (control), the germination index and the relative total growth increased by 7% and 19%, respectively, after the application of 0.1 g L-1 of this bioproduct, which highlights its biostimulant potential.
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Cardarelli M, Ceccarelli AV, El Nakhel C, Rouphael Y, Salehi H, Ganugi P, Zhang L, Luigi L, Pii Y, Choi S, Kim HJ, Colla G. Foliar applications of a Malvaceae-derived protein hydrolysate and its fractions differentially modulate yield and functional traits of tomato under optimal and suboptimal nitrogen application. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:7603-7616. [PMID: 38804737 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein hydrolysates (PHs) can enhance plant nitrogen nutrition and improve the quality of vegetables, depending on their bioactive compounds. A tomato greenhouse experiment was conducted under both optimal (14 mM) and suboptimal (2 mM) nitrogen (N-NO3) conditions. Tomatoes were treated with a new Malvaceae-derived PH (MDPH) and its molecular fractions (MDPH1, >10 kDa; MDPH2, 1-10 kDa and MDPH3, <1 kDa). RESULTS Under optimal N conditions, the plants increased biomass and fruit yield, and showed a higher photosynthetic pigment content in leaves in comparison with suboptimal N, whereas under N-limiting conditions, an increase in dry matter, soluble solid content (SSC) and lycopene, a reduction in firmness, and changes in organic acid and phenolic compounds were observed. With 14 mM N-NO3, MDPH3 stimulated an increase in dry weight and increased yield components and lycopene in the fruit. The MDPH2 fraction also resulted in increased lycopene accumulation in fruit under 14 mM N-NO3. At a low N level, the PH fractions showed distinct effects compared with the whole MDPH and the control, with an increase in biomass for MDPH1 and MDPH2 and a higher pigment content for MDPH3. Regardless of N availability, all the fractions affected fruit quality by increasing SSC, whereas MDPH2 and MDPH3 modified organic acid content and showed a higher concentration of flavonols, lignans, and stilbenes. CONCLUSION The molecular weight of the peptides modifies the effect of PHs on plant performance, with different behavior depending on the level of N fertilization, confirming the effectiveness of fractioning processes. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Mekkaoui F, Ait-El-Mokhtar M, Zaari Jabri N, Amghar I, Essadssi S, Hmyene A. The Use of Compost and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Their Combination to Improve Tomato Tolerance to Salt Stress. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2225. [PMID: 39204661 PMCID: PMC11359464 DOI: 10.3390/plants13162225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Salinity poses a significant challenge to tomato plant development and metabolism. This study explores the use of biostimulants as eco-friendly strategies to enhance tomato plant tolerance to salinity. Conducted in a greenhouse, the research focuses on the Solanum lycopersicum L. behavior under saline conditions. Tomato seeds were treated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), compost, and their combination under both non-saline and saline conditions (0 and 150 mM NaCl). Plant height, number of flowers and fruits, shoot fresh weight, and root dry weight were negatively impacted by salt stress. The supplementation with compost affected the colonization of AMF, but the application of stress had no effect on this trait. However, the use of compost and AMF separately or in combination showed positive effects on the measured parameters. At the physiological level, compost played a beneficial role in increasing photosynthetic efficiency, whether or not plants were subjected to salinity. In addition, the application of these biostimulants led to an increase in nitrogen content in the plants, irrespective of the stress conditions. AMF and compost, applied alone or in combination, showed positive effects on photosynthetic pigment concentrations and protein content. Under salt stress, characterized by an increase in lipid peroxidation and H2O2 content, the application of these biostimulants succeeded in reducing both these parameters in affected plants through exhibiting an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. In conclusion, incorporating compost, AMF, or their combined application emerges as a promising approach to alleviate the detrimental impacts of salt stress on both plant performances. These findings indicate optimistic possibilities for advancing sustainable and resilient agricultural practices.
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Szepesi Á, Soares C, Fidalgo F. Editorial: Working towards sustainable agriculture with biostimulants and biocides: from chemical structure to application methods. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1443658. [PMID: 39145189 PMCID: PMC11322570 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1443658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
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Tryfon P, Sperdouli I, Moustaka J, Adamakis IDS, Giannousi K, Dendrinou-Samara C, Moustakas M. Hormetic Response of Photosystem II Function Induced by Nontoxic Calcium Hydroxide Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8350. [PMID: 39125918 PMCID: PMC11312163 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, inorganic nanoparticles, including calcium hydroxide nanoparticles [Ca Ca(OH)2 NPs], have attracted significant interest for their ability to impact plant photosynthesis and boost agricultural productivity. In this study, the effects of 15 and 30 mg L-1 oleylamine-coated calcium hydroxide nanoparticles [Ca(OH)2@OAm NPs] on photosystem II (PSII) photochemistry were investigated on tomato plants at their growth irradiance (GI) (580 μmol photons m-2 s-1) and at high irradiance (HI) (1000 μmol photons m-2 s-1). Ca(OH)2@OAm NPs synthesized via a microwave-assisted method revealed a crystallite size of 25 nm with 34% w/w of oleylamine coater, a hydrodynamic size of 145 nm, and a ζ-potential of 4 mV. Compared with the control plants (sprayed with distilled water), PSII efficiency in tomato plants sprayed with Ca(OH)2@OAm NPs declined as soon as 90 min after the spray, accompanied by a higher excess excitation energy at PSII. Nevertheless, after 72 h, the effective quantum yield of PSII electron transport (ΦPSII) in tomato plants sprayed with Ca(OH)2@OAm NPs enhanced due to both an increase in the fraction of open PSII reaction centers (qp) and to the enhancement in the excitation capture efficiency (Fv'/Fm') of these centers. However, the decrease at the same time in non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) resulted in an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). It can be concluded that Ca(OH)2@OAm NPs, by effectively regulating the non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) mechanism, enhanced the electron transport rate (ETR) and decreased the excess excitation energy in tomato leaves. The delay in the enhancement of PSII photochemistry by the calcium hydroxide NPs was less at the GI than at the HI. The enhancement of PSII function by calcium hydroxide NPs is suggested to be triggered by the NPQ mechanism that intensifies ROS generation, which is considered to be beneficial. Calcium hydroxide nanoparticles, in less than 72 h, activated a ROS regulatory network of light energy partitioning signaling that enhanced PSII function. Therefore, synthesized Ca(OH)2@OAm NPs could potentially be used as photosynthetic biostimulants to enhance crop yields, pending further testing on other plant species.
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Gupta S, Hrdlička J, Kulkarni M, Doležalova I, Pěnčík A, Van Staden J, Novák O, Doležal K. Karrikinolide1 (KAR 1), a Bioactive Compound from Smoke, Improves the Germination of Morphologically Dormant Apium graveolens L. Seeds by Reducing Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA) Levels. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2096. [PMID: 39124214 PMCID: PMC11314525 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Smoke-water (SW) and Karrikinolide1 (KAR1) release dormancy and improve seed germination in many plant species. Therefore, we tested SW (1:2500 v/v) and KAR1 (10-7 M) to break the morphological dormancy of celery cultivar (Apium graveolens L.). In the first trial, seeds were subjected to a 21-day incubation period at 20 °C with SW and KAR1 applied as single treatments. KAR1 showed significantly improved germination (30.7%) as compared to SW (17.2%) and a water control (14.7%). In seed soaking experiments, SW, KAR1, and gibberellic acid (GA3) treatments showed higher germination percentages than the water control after 3 and 6 h of soaking. However, prolonged soaking (12 h) reduced germination percentages for all treatments, indicating a detrimental effect. Analysis of KAR1 content dynamics in 7-day- and 21-day-old celery seeds indicated its prolonged effects on germination and dormancy alleviation. Phytohormones, including auxins in 7-day-old and cytokinins in 7-day- and 21-day-old celery seedlings, along with their precursors and metabolites, were analyzed using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) after treatment with KAR1 and SW. The analysis of auxin levels in 7-day-old seeds revealed a negative correlation between seed germination and auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) content. Notably, it was found that KAR1-treated seeds significantly reduced IAA levels in all treatments. SW and KAR1 did not significantly affect cytokinin levels during celery germination except for N6-Isopentenyladenine. Hence, further research is needed to understand their precise role in celery seed germination. This work will improve our understanding of the role of bioactive compounds from plant-derived smoke and how they regulate hormonal responses and improve germination efficiency in celery.
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Shabani E, Alemzadeh Ansari N, Fayezizadeh MR, Caser M. Can Trichoderma harzianum be used to enhance the yield and nutrient uptake of Lactuca sativa cv "Lollo Rosso" in floating systems? Food Sci Nutr 2024; 12:4800-4809. [PMID: 39055177 PMCID: PMC11266894 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
An experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of Trichoderma harzianum MVT801 combined with different ratios of nutrient solution (NR) (25%, 50%, and 100%) on the growth and physiological traits of Lactuca sativa "Lollo Rosso" plants cultivated in floating systems. Inoculation of lettuce plants with T. harzianum MVT801 (T1) in a floating system improves biometric properties, photosynthetic parameters, and nutrient uptake compared with uninoculated treatment (T0). The results clearly showed that in T1, despite a 50% reduction in the ratio of nutrient solution, no significant difference was observed in the growth and photosynthesis characteristics and nutrient uptake in L. sativa "Lollo Rosso" leaves compared with a complete nutrient solution treatment (100%), which is one of the notable results of this study. In this regard, the highest yield was observed in T1NR50 (inoculated with fungi and 50% of the nutrient solution) and T1NR100 (inoculated with fungi and complete nutrient solution) treatments. Also, the highest concentrations of phosphorus and potassium in "Lollo Rosso" leaves were observed in T1NR50 and T1NR100 treatments. Accordingly, the use of T. harzianum in floating lettuce cultivation could be recommended to increase crop productivity and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.
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Zhang P, Jiang Y, Schwab F, Monikh FA, Grillo R, White JC, Guo Z, Lynch I. Strategies for Enhancing Plant Immunity and Resilience Using Nanomaterials for Sustainable Agriculture. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:9051-9060. [PMID: 38742946 PMCID: PMC11137868 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.4c03522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Research on plant-nanomaterial interactions has greatly advanced over the past decade. One particularly fascinating discovery encompasses the immunomodulatory effects in plants. Due to the low doses needed and the comparatively low toxicity of many nanomaterials, nanoenabled immunomodulation is environmentally and economically promising for agriculture. It may reduce environmental costs associated with excessive use of chemical pesticides and fertilizers, which can lead to soil and water pollution. Furthermore, nanoenabled strategies can enhance plant resilience against various biotic and abiotic stresses, contributing to the sustainability of agricultural ecosystems and the reduction of crop losses due to environmental factors. While nanoparticle immunomodulatory effects are relatively well-known in animals, they are still to be understood in plants. Here, we provide our perspective on the general components of the plant's immune system, including the signaling pathways, networks, and molecules of relevance for plant nanomodulation. We discuss the recent scientific progress in nanoenabled immunomodulation and nanopriming and lay out key avenues to use plant immunomodulation for agriculture. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, and the calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK or CPK) pathway are of particular interest due to their interconnected function and significance in the response to biotic and abiotic stress. Additionally, we underscore that understanding the plant hormone salicylic acid is vital for nanoenabled applications to induce systemic acquired resistance. It is suggested that a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating environmental impact assessments and focusing on scalability, can expedite the realization of enhanced crop yields through nanotechnology while fostering a healthier environment.
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Kovács D, Horotán K, Orlóci L, Makádi M, Mosonyi I, Sütöri-Diószegi M, Kisvarga S. Histological and Physiological Study of the Effects of Biostimulants and Plant Growth Stimulants in Viburnum opulus 'Roseum'. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1446. [PMID: 38891256 PMCID: PMC11174592 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Biostimulants and other plant growth promoters can provide an effective solution to the challenge of urbanisation and climate change. Viburnum opulus 'Roseum' is a globally popular deciduous shrub species that can be made more resistant to urban influences by using natural growth-promoting substances. In our study, we investigated the effects of growth promoters Kelpak®, Bistep and Yeald Plus on the species, both histologically and physiologically (proline stress hormone measurement). Our measurements were complemented using the analysis of rhizosphere alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase and β-glucosaminidase enzymes, to obtain a more complete picture of the combined effect of biostimulants and species. We found that the Bistep biostimulant had an outstanding effect on the leaf tissue culture results of the variety. The transpiration and evapotranspiration findings also confirmed the efficacy of biostimulants. In the case of POD activity and rhizosphere enzyme measurements, Bistep and Yeald Plus obtained statistically higher values than the control group. Kelpak produced better results than the control group in several measurements (alkaline phosphatase levels; evapotranspiration results), but in other cases it resulted in lower values than the control treatment. The use of Bistep and Yeald Plus can greatly assist growers in the cultivation of V. opulus 'Roseum' in an urban environment.
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Lorenzo P, Morais MC. Repurposing Waste from Aggressive Acacia Invaders to Promote Its Management in Large Invaded Areas in Southwestern Europe. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1428. [PMID: 38891237 PMCID: PMC11174351 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Several Acacia species are aggressive invaders outside their native range, often occupying extensive areas. Traditional management approaches have proven to be ineffective and economically unfeasible, especially when dealing with large infestations. Here, we explain a different approach to complement traditional management by using the waste from Acacia management activities. This approach can provide stakeholders with tools to potentially reduce management costs and encourage proactive management actions. It also prioritizes potential applications of Acacia waste biomass for agriculture and forestry as a way of sequestering the carbon released during control actions. We advocate the use of compost/vermicompost, green manure and charcoal produced from Acacia waste, as several studies have shown their effectiveness in improving soil fertility and supporting crop growth. The use of waste and derivatives as bioherbicides or biostimulants is pending validation under field conditions. Although invasive Acacia spp. are banned from commercialization and cultivation, the use of their waste remains permissible. In this respect, we recommend the collection of Acacia waste during the vegetative stage and its subsequent use after being dried or when dead, to prevent further propagation. Moreover, it is crucial to establish a legal framework to mitigate potential risks associated with the handling and disposal of Acacia waste.
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Iosa I, Agrimonti C, Marmiroli N. Real-Time PCR (qtPCR) to Discover the Fate of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Agricultural Soils. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1002. [PMID: 38792831 PMCID: PMC11124357 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
To optimize the application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in field trials, tracking methods are needed to assess their shelf life and to determine the elements affecting their effectiveness and their interactions with plants and native soil microbiota. This work developed a real-time PCR (qtPCR) method which traces and quantifies bacteria when added as microbial consortia, including five PGPR species: Burkholderia ambifaria, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Azotobacter chroococcum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Rahnella aquatilis. Through a literature search and in silico sequence analyses, a set of primer pairs which selectively tag three bacterial species (B. ambifaria, B. amyloliquefaciens and R. aquatilis) was retrieved. The primers were used to trace these microbial species in a field trial in which the consortium was tested as a biostimulant on two wheat varieties, in combination with biochar and the mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus intraradices. The qtPCR assay demonstrated that the targeted bacteria had colonized and grown into the soil, reaching a maximum of growth between 15 and 20 days after inoculum. The results also showed biochar had a positive effect on PGPR growth. In conclusion, qtPCR was once more an effective method to trace the fate of supplied bacterial species in the consortium when used as a cargo system for their delivery.
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