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Sadanandan N, Shear A, Brooks B, Saft M, Cabantan DAG, Kingsbury C, Zhang H, Anthony S, Wang ZJ, Salazar FE, Lezama Toledo AR, Rivera Monroy G, Vega Gonzales-Portillo J, Moscatello A, Lee JY, Borlongan CV. Treating Metastatic Brain Cancers With Stem Cells. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:749716. [PMID: 34899179 PMCID: PMC8651876 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.749716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy may present an effective treatment for metastatic brain cancer and glioblastoma. Here we posit the critical role of a leaky blood-brain barrier (BBB) as a key element for the development of brain metastases, specifically melanoma. By reviewing the immunological and inflammatory responses associated with BBB damage secondary to tumoral activity, we identify the involvement of this pathological process in the growth and formation of metastatic brain cancers. Likewise, we evaluate the hypothesis of regenerating impaired endothelial cells of the BBB and alleviating the damaged neurovascular unit to attenuate brain metastasis, using the endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) phenotype of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Specifically, there is a need to evaluate the efficacy for stem cell therapy to repair disruptions in the BBB and reduce inflammation in the brain, thereby causing attenuation of metastatic brain cancers. To establish the viability of stem cell therapy for the prevention and treatment of metastatic brain tumors, it is crucial to demonstrate BBB repair through augmentation of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. BBB disruption is strongly linked to metastatic melanoma, worsens neuroinflammation during metastasis, and negatively influences the prognosis of metastatic brain cancer. Using stem cell therapy to interrupt inflammation secondary to this leaky BBB represents a paradigm-shifting approach for brain cancer treatment. In this review article, we critically assess the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell therapy for brain metastases and glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Shear
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Beverly Brooks
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Madeline Saft
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | | | - Chase Kingsbury
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Henry Zhang
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, Bradenton, FL, United States
| | - Zhen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Felipe Esparza Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FCS), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | - Alma R Lezama Toledo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FCS), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | - Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (FCS), Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, Mexico
| | | | - Alexa Moscatello
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States.,Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
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Geng L, Tang X, Wang S, Sun Y, Wang D, Tsao BP, Feng X, Sun L. Reduced Let-7f in Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Triggers Treg/Th17 Imbalance in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2020; 11:233. [PMID: 32133007 PMCID: PMC7040072 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exist an imbalance between regulatory T (Treg) and T helper 17 cells (Th17), which might be contributed by defective immune regulation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) from SLE patients. Our microRNA array analysis showed markedly down-regulated expression levels of microRNA let-7f in BM-MSCs from SLE patients compared to those from normal controls (NOR). To explore the role of let-7f in the disease pathogenesis, we showed that expression levels of let-7f in SLE BM-MSCs were negatively associated with SLE disease activity, and the predicted let-7 family targeted gene expression of interlukin-6 (IL-6) was significantly higher in BM-MSCs from SLE patients compared to normal controls (NOR). Transient transfection of BM-MSCs with let-7f mimics or inhibitors showed reduced levels of let-7f impaired the proliferation rate of BM-MSCs, BM-MSC-mediated downregulation of Th17 cells and upregulation of Treg cells, increased the apoptosis rate of BM-MSCs through targeting IL-6 and activating signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 (STAT3) pathway, but had no significant effect on the differentiation of Th1 and Th2. Our findings showed a key role of let-7f in the imbalance of Treg/Th17 mediated by SLE BM-MSCs, suggesting the potential of manipulating let-7f expression in BM-MSCs for treating SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linyu Geng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China.,Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Xiaojun Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiying Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Betty P Tsao
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Xuebing Feng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Zeng YL, Zheng H, Chen QR, Yuan XH, Ren JH, Luo XF, Chen P, Lin ZY, Chen SZ, Wu XQ, Xiao M, Chen YQ, Chen ZZ, Hu JD, Yang T. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells overexpressing MiR-21 efficiently repair myocardial damage in rats. Oncotarget 2018; 8:29161-29173. [PMID: 28418864 PMCID: PMC5438721 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We investigated the ability of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) overexpressing microRNA-21 (miR-21) to repair cardiac damage induced by anthracyclines in rats. Methods Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats of 2~3 weeks old were selected to isolate and culture BMSCs. A lentivirus harboring pLVX-miR-21 was generated and transfected into rat BMSCs. The rats were assigned into an untreated negative control group, and groups injected with adriamycin alone or with adriamycin followed by BMSCs, pLVX-BMSCs or pLVX-miR-21-BMSCs (n = 10 each). Proliferation and migration of cells were detected by cholecystokinin-8 (CCK- 8) and transwell. MiR-21 expression, mRNA expressions of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), BAX (BCL-2-associated X protein) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were tested by qRT-PCR. Western blotting was applied to detect protein expressions of Bcl-2, Bax and VEGF. Results Using CCK- 8 and transwell assays, we found that pLVX-miR-21-BMSCs, which overexpressed miR-21, exhibited greater proliferation and migration than untransfected BMSCs or pLVX-BMSCs. Ultrasonic cardiograms and immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that among the five groups, the pLVX-miR-21-BMSC group exhibited the most improved heart function and enhanced angiogenesis. Moreover, the pLVX-miR-21-BMSC group showed enhanced expression of Bcl-2, VEGF and Cx43 and reduced expression of Bax, BNP and troponin T. Conclusion These findings suggest miR-21 overexpression enhanced the proliferation, invasiveness and differentiation of BMSCs as well as expression of key factors (Bcl-2, VEGF and Bax) essential for repairing the cardiac damage induced by anthracyclines and restoring heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Zeng
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China.,Department of Hematology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Qiu-Ru Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Yuan
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Hua Ren
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Feng Luo
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Zhe-Yao Lin
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Nanping First Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Nanping 353000, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Zhen Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Qiong Wu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Quan Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Zhe Chen
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Da Hu
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, P. R. China
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