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Li X, Zhao Y, Chai F, Yu H, Sun X, Liu D. Phytoplankton Community Structure Dynamics in Relation to Water Environmental Factors in Zhalong Wetland. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14996. [PMID: 36429711 PMCID: PMC9690911 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton, as the primary producer of the wetland water ecosystem's food chain, are very sensitive to environmental changes. In order to explore the significance of phytoplankton in protecting ecosystem integrity, the wetland ecosystem in Zhalong wetland, one of the most important international wetlands, was selected as the research area. For the study, 81 sampling sites were set up in the whole wetland, and phytoplankton samples and water quality environmental factors were measured in spring, summer, and autumn of 2019. The phytoplankton community structure and water environmental factors were evaluated by canonical correspondence analysis (CCA). The main research findings are as follows: a total of 292 species and variants of phytoplankton belonging to 8 phyla and 110 genera were identified within Zhalong wetland in spring, summer, and autumn 2019. The total phytoplankton abundance and biomass in summer were higher than in spring and autumn, and Cyclotella meneghiniana was the most dominant species in three seasons and three areas. The results of random forest are generally consistent with the results of CCA in spring, when the main environmental factors affecting phytoplankton were NTU and WT; the result in summer and autumn agreed with those of CCA, which awaits further study. In addition, the phytoplankton is mainly affected by WT, depth, and DO in the lake area, TP, DO, and NTU in the river area, and WT in the wetland area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Fangying Chai
- School of Management, Heilongjiang University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150020, China
| | - Hongxian Yu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xu Sun
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Di Liu
- Heilongjiang Provincial Water Conservancy and Hydroelectric Power Investigation Design and Research Institute, Harbin 150080, China
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Leksungnoen N, Andriyas T, Ngernsaengsaruay C, Uthairatsamee S, Racharak P, Sonjaroon W, Kjelgren R, Pearson BJ, McCurdy CR, Sharma A. Variations in mitragynine content in the naturally growing Kratom ( Mitragyna speciosa) population of Thailand. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:1028547. [PMID: 36388525 PMCID: PMC9648690 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1028547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We analyzed the content of mitragynine (MG) found in kratom leaves (Mitragyna speciosa) and the influence of different environmental conditions (air and soil variables) on the yield in various regions of Thailand. The content of MG in kratom leaves ranged from 7.5 - 26.6 mg g-1 of dry leaf weight. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that the most significant environmental variables affecting the MG content among the various regions were light intensity, relative humidity, soil volumetric water content (VW), soil pH, and calcium. This study is a first step towards providing information about environmental conditions suitable to maximize the quality and quantity of bioactive alkaloids in kratom. Future studies should focus on leaf collection and the post-harvest processes in order to assure the desired alkaloidal content in finished products, when produced under suitable environmental conditions identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Leksungnoen
- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Kasetsart University Research and Development Institute (KURDI), Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Advance Studies in Tropical Natural Resources, National Research University-Kasetsart University, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tushar Andriyas
- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Suwimon Uthairatsamee
- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Phruet Racharak
- Department of Forest Biology, Faculty of Forestry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Roger Kjelgren
- The University of Florida (UF)/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Department of Environmental Horticulture, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States
| | - Brian J. Pearson
- The University of Florida (UF)/Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (IFAS) Department of Environmental Horticulture, Mid-Florida Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Apopka, FL, United States
| | - Christopher R. McCurdy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Zeng H, Zhong W, Tan F, Shu Y, Feng Y, Wang J. The Influence of Bt Maize Cultivation on Communities of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Revealed by MiSeq Sequencing. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3275. [PMID: 30687266 PMCID: PMC6334669 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cultivation of transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has received worldwide attention since Bt crops were first released. Its ecological risks on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been widely studied. In this study, after cultivation for five seasons, the AMF diversity and community composition of two Bt maize varieties, 5422Bt1 (event Bt11) and 5422CBCL (event MO10), which both express Cry1Ab protein, and their isoline non-Bt maize 5422, as well as Bt straw after cultivation had been returned to subsequent conventional maize variety, were analyzed using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. A total of 263 OTUs (operational taxonomic units) from 511,847 sequenced affiliated with the AMF which belonged to Mucoromycota phylum Glomeromycotina subphylum were obtained. No significant difference was detected in the AMF diversity and richness (Shannon, Simpson, ACE, and Chao 1 indices) and community composition in rhizosphere soils and roots between Bt and non-Bt treatment revealed by NMDS (non-metric multidimensional scaling) and NPMANOVA (non-parametric multivariate analysis). Moreover, Glomus was the most dominant genus in all samples. Although there was no significant difference in the AMF community in roots and rhizosphere soils between the Bt and non-Bt maize treatments, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), organic carbon (OC), and pH were driving factors affecting the AMF community, and their composition varied between rhizosphere soils and roots during the maturity period of the fifth season. Compared to our previous study, the results were identical. In conclusion, no significant difference was observed between the Bt and non-Bt treatments, and the Illumina MiSeq method had higher throughput and higher quality read cover, which gave us comprehensive insight into AMF communities in agro-ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilan Zeng
- Department of Horticulture, College of Life Science and Environmental Resources, Yichun University, Yichun, China
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Zhong
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengxiao Tan
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Shu
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanjiao Feng
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Pang X, Shen H, Niu Y, Sun X, Chen J, Xie P. Dissolved organic carbon and relationship with bacterioplankton community composition in 3 lake regions of Lake Taihu, China. Can J Microbiol 2014; 60:669-80. [PMID: 25302531 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2013-0847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
To clarify the relationships between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and bacterioplankton community composition (BCC), a 1-year survey (June 2009 - May 2010) was conducted in 3 regions of Lake Taihu (Meiliang Bay, Lake Center, and Eastern Taihu), China. Polymerase chain reaction - denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the composition and heterogeneity of the bacterioplankton community. Canonical correspondence analysis was used to explore the relationships between DOC concentration and BCC. We found a significant negative correlation between DOC concentration and bacterioplankton community diversity (as measured by the Shannon-Wiener index (H')). The results show that spatial variation in the bacterioplankton population was stronger than the seasonal variation and that DOC concentration influences BCC in Lake Taihu. DOC concentration, followed by macrophyte biomass, water turbidity, and phytoplankton biomass were the most influential factors that account for BCC changes in Lake Taihu. More detailed studies on the relationship between DOC concentration and BCC should focus on differences in DOC concentrations and quality among these lake regions. DOC had a significant impact on BCC in Meiliang Bay. The relationship between DOC and BCC in the 2 other regions studied (Lake Center and Eastern Taihu) was weaker. The results of this study add to our understanding of the BCC in eutrophic lakes, especially regarding the role of the microbial loop in lake ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinghong Pang
- a Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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