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Stiriba SE, Bahsis L, Benhadria E, Oudghiri K, Taourirte M, Julve M. Cellulose Acetate-Supported Copper as an Efficient Sustainable Heterogenous Catalyst for Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition Click Reactions in Water. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119301. [PMID: 37298251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A new sustainable heterogeneous catalyst for copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC) was investigated. The preparation of the sustainable catalyst was carried out through the complexation reaction between the polysaccharide cellulose acetate backbone (CA) and copper(II) ions. The resulting complex [Cu(II)-CA] was fully characterized by using different spectroscopic methods such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), and Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) analyses. The Cu(II)-CA complex exhibits high activity in the CuAAC reaction for substituted alkynes and organic azides, leading to a selective synthesis of the corresponding 1,4-isomer 1,2,3-triazoles in water as a solvent and working at room temperature. It is worth noting that this catalyst has several advantages from the sustainable chemistry point of view including no use of additives, biopolymer support, reactions carried out in water at room temperature, and easy recovery of the catalyst. These characteristics make it a potential candidate not only for the CuAAC reaction but also for other catalytic organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salah-Eddine Stiriba
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/ICMol, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Moléculaire (LCAM), Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Safi, Université Cadi Ayyad, Safi 46030, Morocco
| | - Lahoucine Bahsis
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique et Moléculaire (LCAM), Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Safi, Université Cadi Ayyad, Safi 46030, Morocco
| | - Elhouceine Benhadria
- Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences d'El Jadida, Université Chouaïb Doukkali, El Jadida 24000, Morocco
| | - Khaoula Oudghiri
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Développement Durable et Santé, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Moha Taourirte
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Développement Durable et Santé, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques de Marrakech, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech 40000, Morocco
| | - Miguel Julve
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular/ICMol, Universidad de Valencia, C/Catedrático José Beltrán 2, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain
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2
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Schwarze M, Borchardt S, Frisch ML, Collis J, Walter C, Menezes PW, Strasser P, Driess M, Tasbihi M. Degradation of Phenol via an Advanced Oxidation Process (AOP) with Immobilized Commercial Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2) Photocatalysts. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:1249. [PMID: 37049342 PMCID: PMC10097325 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Four commercial titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalysts, namely P25, P90, PC105, and PC500, were immobilized onto steel plates using a sol-gel binder and investigated for phenol degradation under 365 nm UV-LED irradiation. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and total organic carbon (TOC) analyses were performed to study the impact of three types of oxygen sources (air, dispersed synthetic air, and hydrogen peroxide) on the photocatalytic performance. The photocatalyst films were stable and there were significant differences in their performance. The best result was obtained with the P90/UV/H2O2 system with 100% degradation and about 70% mineralization within 3 h of irradiation. The operating conditions varied, showing that water quality is crucial for the performance. A wastewater treatment plant was developed based on the lab-scale results and water treatment costs were estimated for two cases of irradiation: UV-LED (about 600 EUR/m3) and sunlight (about 60 EUR/m3). The data show the high potential of immobilized photocatalysts for pollutant degradation under advanced oxidation process (AOP) conditions, but there is still a need for optimization to further reduce treatment costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schwarze
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Borchardt
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marvin L. Frisch
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jason Collis
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten Walter
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Prashanth W. Menezes
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
- Materials Chemistry Group for Thin Film Catalysis—CatLab, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Minoo Tasbihi
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Straße des 17. Juni 124, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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3
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Huffman BL, Bein GP, Atallah H, Donley CL, Alameh RT, Wheeler JP, Durand N, Harvey AK, Kessinger MC, Chen CY, Fakhraai Z, Atkin JM, Castellano FN, Dempsey JL. Surface Immobilization of a Re(I) Tricarbonyl Phenanthroline Complex to Si(111) through Sonochemical Hydrosilylation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:984-996. [PMID: 36548441 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A sonochemical-based hydrosilylation method was employed to covalently attach a rhenium tricarbonyl phenanthroline complex to silicon(111). fac-Re(5-(p-Styrene)-phen)(CO)3Cl (5-(p-styrene)-phen = 5-(4-vinylphenyl)-1,10-phenanthroline) was reacted with hydrogen-terminated silicon(111) in an ultrasonic bath to generate a hybrid photoelectrode. Subsequent reaction with 1-hexene enabled functionalization of remaining atop Si sites. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms attachment of the organometallic complex to silicon without degradation of the organometallic core, supporting hydrosilylation as a strategy for installing coordination complexes that retain their molecular integrity. Detection of Re(I) and nitrogen by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) further support immobilization of fac-Re(5-(p-styrene)-phen)(CO)3Cl. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy under white light illumination indicate that fac-Re(5-(p-styrene)-phen)(CO)3Cl undergoes two electron reductions. Mott-Schottky analysis indicates that the flat band potential is 239 mV more positive for p-Si(111) co-functionalized with both fac-Re(5-(p-styrene)-phen)(CO)3Cl and 1-hexene than when functionalized with 1-hexene alone. XPS, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and Mott-Schottky analysis show that functionalization with fac-Re(5-(p-styrene)-phen)(CO)3Cl and 1-hexene introduces a negative interfacial dipole, facilitating reductive photoelectrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany L Huffman
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Gabriella P Bein
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Hala Atallah
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Carrie L Donley
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Reem T Alameh
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jonathan P Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Nicolas Durand
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Alexis K Harvey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Matthew C Kessinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Cindy Y Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joanna M Atkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
| | - Felix N Castellano
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Jillian L Dempsey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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4
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He X, Eberhart MS, Martinson ABF, Tiede DM, Mulfort KL. Molecularly Functionalized Electrodes for Efficient Electrochemical Water Remediation. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:3267-3276. [PMID: 34143541 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development and investigation of materials that leverage unique interfacial effects on electronic structure and redox chemistry are likely to play an outstanding role in advanced technologies for wastewater treatment. Here, the use of surface functionalization of metal oxides with a RuII poly(pyridyl) complex was reported as a way to create hybrid assemblies with optimized electrochemical performance for water remediation, superior to those that could be achieved with the molecular catalyst or metal-oxide electrodes used individually. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that the molecularly functionalized electrodes could suppress the formation of hydroxyl radicals (i. e., the dominant remediation pathway for bare metal-oxide electrodes), allowing the water remediation to proceed through the highly oxidizing Ru3+ ions in the surface-bound complexes. Furthermore, the underlying metal-oxide substrates played a crucial role in altering the electronic structure and electrochemical properties of the surface-bound catalyst, such that the competing side reaction (i. e., water splitting) was largely inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang He
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Michael S Eberhart
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Current address: Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Alex B F Martinson
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - David M Tiede
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Karen L Mulfort
- Advanced Materials for Energy-Water Systems (AMEWS) Energy Frontier Research Center, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
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5
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Choi S, Jung WJ, Park K, Kim SY, Baeg JO, Kim CH, Son HJ, Pac C, Kang SO. Rapid Exciton Migration and Amplified Funneling Effects of Multi-Porphyrin Arrays in a Re(I)/Porphyrinic MOF Hybrid for Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:2710-2722. [PMID: 33423462 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A porphyrinic metal-organic framework (PMOF) known as PCN-222(Zn) was chemically doped with a molecular Re(I) catalyst-bearing carboxylate anchoring group to form a new type of metal-organic framework (MOF)-Re(I) hybrid photocatalyst. The porphyrinic MOF-sensitized hybrid (PMOF/Re) was prepared with an archetypical CO2 reduction catalyst, (L)ReI(CO)3Cl (Re(I); L = 4,4'-dicarboxylic-2,2'-bipyridine), in the presence of 3 vol % water produced CO with no leveling-off tendency for 59 h to give a turnover number of ≥1893 [1070 ± 80 μmol h-1 (g MOF)-1]. The high catalytic activity arises mainly from efficient exciton migration and funneling from photoexcited porphyrin linkers to the peripheral Re(I) catalytic sites, which is in accordance with the observed fast exciton (energy) migration (≈1 ps) in highly ordered porphyrin photoreceptors and the effective funneling into Re(I) catalytic centers in the Re(I)-doped PMOF sample. Enhanced catalytic performance is convincingly supported by serial photophysical measurements including decisive Stern-Volmer interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghan Choi
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Won-Jo Jung
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Kyutai Park
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Jin-Ook Baeg
- Artificial Photosynthesis Research Group, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Ho-Jin Son
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Chyongjin Pac
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
| | - Sang Ook Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, Korea University, Sejong 30019, Korea
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6
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Bajada MA, Roy S, Warnan J, Abdiaziz K, Wagner A, Roessler MM, Reisner E. A Precious-Metal-Free Hybrid Electrolyzer for Alcohol Oxidation Coupled to CO 2 -to-Syngas Conversion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15633-15641. [PMID: 32250531 PMCID: PMC7496929 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electrolyzers combining CO2 reduction (CO2 R) with organic substrate oxidation can produce fuel and chemical feedstocks with a relatively low energy requirement when compared to systems that source electrons from water oxidation. Here, we report an anodic hybrid assembly based on a (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) electrocatalyst modified with a silatrane-anchor (STEMPO), which is covalently immobilized on a mesoporous indium tin oxide (mesoITO) scaffold for efficient alcohol oxidation (AlcOx). This molecular anode was subsequently combined with a cathode consisting of a polymeric cobalt phthalocyanine on carbon nanotubes to construct a hybrid, precious-metal-free coupled AlcOx-CO2 R electrolyzer. After three-hour electrolysis, glycerol is selectively oxidized to glyceraldehyde with a turnover number (TON) of ≈1000 and Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 83 %. The cathode generated a stoichiometric amount of syngas with a CO:H2 ratio of 1.25±0.25 and an overall cobalt-based TON of 894 with a FE of 82 %. This prototype device inspires the design and implementation of nonconventional strategies for coupling CO2 R to less energy demanding, and value-added, oxidative chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Bajada
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Souvik Roy
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Julien Warnan
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Kaltum Abdiaziz
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Materials Research InstituteQueen Mary University of LondonLondonE1 4NSUK
| | - Andreas Wagner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Maxie M. Roessler
- Department of ChemistryImperial College LondonMolecular Sciences Research HubWhite City CampusLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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7
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Bortot Coelho FE, Candelario VM, Araújo EMR, Miranda TLS, Magnacca G. Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr(VI) in the Presence of Humic Acid Using Immobilized Ce-ZrO 2 under Visible Light. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E779. [PMID: 32325680 DOI: 10.3390/nano10040779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cr(VI) has several industrial applications but it is one of the most dangerous pollutants because of its carcinogenicity and high toxicity. Thus, the removal of Cr(VI) by photocatalytic reduction was investigated. The catalyst applied, Ce–ZrO2, was immobilized, through a sol–gel process on a silicon carbide (SiC) support, to increase the efficiency and avoid using suspended nanoparticles. The influence of initial pH, humic acid (HA), and catalyst dosage was investigated for Cr(VI) containing solutions. Then, a real galvanizing industry effluent (Cr(VI) = 77 mg L-1mg.L−1, Zn = 1789 mg L−1) was treated. It was observed that Cr(VI) adsorption and photoreduction are greatly favored at low pH values. HA can decrease Cr(VI) adsorption but also acts as holes scavenger, reducing the electron–hole recombination, favoring then the photoreduction. With the immobilized Ce–ZrO2, more than 97% of Cr(VI) was removed from the diluted effluent. These results indicate the feasibility to treat Cr(VI) effluents even in the presence of other metals and natural organic matter. The developed material has great chemical and mechanical resistances and avoids the use of nanoparticles, dangerous for the environment and hard to recover. Moreover, solar light can be used to drive the process, which contributes to the development of more sustainable, cleaner, and cost-effective wastewater treatments.
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Konrath R, Spannenberg A, Kamer PCJ. Preparation of a Series of Supported Nonsymmetrical PNP-Pincer Ligands and the Application in Ester Hydrogenation. Chemistry 2019; 25:15341-15350. [PMID: 31495988 PMCID: PMC6916561 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to their symmetrical analogues, nonsymmetrical PNP-type ligand motifs have been less investigated despite the modular pincer structure. However, the introduction of mixed phosphorus donor moieties provides access to a larger variety of PNP ligands. Herein, a facile solid-phase synthesis approach towards a diverse PNP-pincer ligand library of 14 members is reported. Contrary to often challenging workup procedures in solution-phase, only simple workup steps are required. The corresponding supported ruthenium-PNP catalysts are screened in ester hydrogenation. Usually, industrially applied heterogeneous catalysts require harsh conditions in this reaction (250-350 °C at 100-200 bar) often leading to reduced selectivities. Heterogenized reusable Ru-PNP catalysts are capable of reducing esters and lactones selectively under mild conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Konrath
- School of ChemistryUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeKY16 9STUK
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. (LIKAT) an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Anke Spannenberg
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. (LIKAT) an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
| | - Paul C. J. Kamer
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. (LIKAT) an der Universität RostockAlbert-Einstein Strasse 29a18059RostockGermany
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9
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Roy S, Reisner E. Visible-Light-Driven CO 2 Reduction by Mesoporous Carbon Nitride Modified with Polymeric Cobalt Phthalocyanine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:12180-12184. [PMID: 31273886 PMCID: PMC6771752 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The integration of molecular catalysts with low-cost, solid light absorbers presents a promising strategy to construct catalysts for the generation of solar fuels. Here, we report a photocatalyst for CO2 reduction that consists of a polymeric cobalt phthalocyanine catalyst (CoPPc) coupled with mesoporous carbon nitride (mpg-CNx ) as the photosensitizer. This precious-metal-free hybrid catalyst selectively converts CO2 to CO in organic solvents under UV/Vis light (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm-2 , λ>300 nm) with a cobalt-based turnover number of 90 for CO after 60 h. Notably, the photocatalyst retains 60 % CO evolution activity under visible light irradiation (λ>400 nm) and displays moderate water tolerance. The in situ polymerization of the phthalocyanine allows control of catalyst loading and is key for achieving photocatalytic CO2 conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souvik Roy
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable Syngas ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
| | - Erwin Reisner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Sustainable Syngas ChemistryDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 1EWUK
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Vishwakarma NK, Hwang YH, Adiyala PR, Kim DP. Flow-Assisted Switchable Catalysis of Metal Ions in a Microenvelope System Embedded with Core-Shell Polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:43104-43111. [PMID: 30444347 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b17926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Many efforts have been made on stimuli-responsive switchable catalysis to trigger catalytic activity over various chemical reactions. However, the reported light-, pH- or chemically responsive organocatalysts are mostly incomplete in the aspects of shielding efficiency and long-term performance. Here, we advance the flow-assisted switchable catalysis of metal ions in a microenvelope system that allows the on-off catalysis mode on demand for long-lasting catalytic activity. Various metal-ion catalysts can be selectively embedded in a novel polymeric core-shell of the heteroarm star copolymer of poly(styrene) and poly(4-vinylpyridine) emanated from a polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane center. The immobilized core-shell polymer on the inner wall of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) envelope microreactor shows on-off switching catalysis between the expanded active mode and contracted protective mode under continuous flow of solvents or subsequent dry conditions. In particular, the preserved catalytic activity of toxic Hg2+ for oxymercuration was demonstrated even for 2 weeks without leaching, whereas the activity of moisture-sensitive Ru3+ ions for polymerization of methyl methacrylate was maintained even after 5 days from an open atmosphere. It is practical that the tight environment of the enveloped microfluidic system facilitates cyclic switching between the reaction-"on" and -"off" modes of such toxic, sensitive/expensive catalysts for long-term prevention and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj K Vishwakarma
- National Creative Research Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Yoon-Ho Hwang
- National Creative Research Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Praveen Reddy Adiyala
- National Creative Research Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Korea
| | - Dong-Pyo Kim
- National Creative Research Center for Intelligent Microprocess of Pharmaceutical Synthesis, Department of Chemical Engineering , Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH) , Pohang 37673 , Korea
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Kohrt C, Werner T. Recyclable Bifunctional Polystyrene and Silica Gel-Supported Organocatalyst for the Coupling of CO2 with Epoxides. ChemSusChem 2015; 8:2031-2034. [PMID: 25872906 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A bifunctional ammonium salt covalently bound to a polystyrene or silica support proved to be an efficient and recyclable catalyst for the solvent-free synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and CO2 . The catalyst can be easily recovered by simple filtration after the reaction and reused in up to 13 consecutive runs with retention of high activity and selectivity even at 90 °C. The scope and limitations of the reaction has been evaluated in terms of reaction conditions and substrate scope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kohrt
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany), Fax: (+49) 381-1281-5132
| | - Thomas Werner
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e. V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Straße 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany), Fax: (+49) 381-1281-5132.
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12
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Balcar H, Shinde T, Zilková N, Bastl Z. Hoveyda-Grubbs type metathesis catalyst immobilized on mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 and SBA-15. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:22-8. [PMID: 21286390 PMCID: PMC3028926 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Accepted: 11/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
A commercially available Hoveyda–Grubbs type catalyst (RC303 Zhannan Pharma) was immobilized on mesoporous molecular sieves MCM-41 and on SBA-15 by direct interaction with the sieve wall surface. The immobilized catalysts exhibited high activity and nearly 100% selectivity in several types of alkene metathesis reactions. Ru leaching was found to depend on the substrate and solvent used (the lowest leaching was found for ring-closing metathesis of 1,7-octadiene in cyclohexane – 0.04% of catalyst Ru content). Results of XPS, UV–vis and NMR spectroscopy showed that at least 76% of the Ru content was bound to the support surface non-covalently and could be removed from the catalyst by washing with THF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hynek Balcar
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of AS CR, v.v.i, Dolejškova 3, 182 23 Prague 8, Czech Republic
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