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True LD, Zhang H, Ye M, Huang CY, Nelson PS, von Haller PD, Tjoelker LW, Kim JS, Qian WJ, Smith RD, Ellis WJ, Liebeskind ES, Liu AY. CD90/THY1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer-associated fibroblasts and could serve as a cancer biomarker. Mod Pathol 2010; 23:1346-56. [PMID: 20562849 PMCID: PMC2948633 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2010.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A by-product in the processing of prostate tissue for cell sorting by collagenase digestion is the media supernatant that remains after the cells are harvested. These supernatants contain proteins made by the cells within the tissue. Quantitative proteomic analysis of N-glycosylated proteins detected an increased amount of CD90/THY1 in cancer supernatants compared with non-cancer supernatants. Immunohistochemistry showed that in all carcinomas, regardless of Gleason grade, a layer of CD90-positive stromal fibroblastic cells, ∼5 to 10 cells deep, was localized to tumor glands. In contrast, a no more than 1-cell wide girth of CD90-positive stromal cells was found around benign glands. The increased number of CD90-positive stromal cells in cancer correlated with overexpression of CD90 mRNA detected by gene expression analysis of stromal cells obtained by laser-capture microdissection. There is increasing evidence that cancer-associated stroma has a function in both tumor progression and carcinogenesis. Most experiments to identify cancer biomarkers have focused on the cancer cells. CD90, being a marker for prostate cancer-associated stroma, might be a potential biomarker for this cancer. A non-invasive test could be provided by a urine test. Proteomic analysis of urine from patients with prostate cancer identified CD90; conversely, CD90 was not detected in the urine of post-prostatectomy patients. Furthermore, this urinary CD90 protein was a variant CD90 protein not known to be expressed by such cells as lymphocytes that express CD90. These CD90 results were obtained from ∼90 cases consisting of proteomic analysis of tissue and urine, immunohistochemistry, western blot analysis of tissue media, flow cytometry of cells from digested tissue, and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction analysis of isolated stromal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence D True
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-6100, USA.
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chung-Ying Huang
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Peter S Nelson
- Section of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Jong-Seo Kim
- Biological Science Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Wei-Jun Qian
- Biological Science Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - Richard D Smith
- Biological Science Division and Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA
| | - William J Ellis
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Emily S Liebeskind
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Alvin Y Liu
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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