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Muñoz-Amatriaín M, Lonardi S, Luo M, Madishetty K, Svensson JT, Moscou MJ, Wanamaker S, Jiang T, Kleinhofs A, Muehlbauer GJ, Wise RP, Stein N, Ma Y, Rodriguez E, Kudrna D, Bhat PR, Chao S, Condamine P, Heinen S, Resnik J, Wing R, Witt HN, Alpert M, Beccuti M, Bozdag S, Cordero F, Mirebrahim H, Ounit R, Wu Y, You F, Zheng J, Simková H, Dolezel J, Grimwood J, Schmutz J, Duma D, Altschmied L, Blake T, Bregitzer P, Cooper L, Dilbirligi M, Falk A, Feiz L, Graner A, Gustafson P, Hayes PM, Lemaux P, Mammadov J, Close TJ. Sequencing of 15 622 gene-bearing BACs clarifies the gene-dense regions of the barley genome. Plant J 2015; 84:216-27. [PMID: 26252423 PMCID: PMC5014227 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) possesses a large and highly repetitive genome of 5.1 Gb that has hindered the development of a complete sequence. In 2012, the International Barley Sequencing Consortium released a resource integrating whole-genome shotgun sequences with a physical and genetic framework. However, because only 6278 bacterial artificial chromosome (BACs) in the physical map were sequenced, fine structure was limited. To gain access to the gene-containing portion of the barley genome at high resolution, we identified and sequenced 15 622 BACs representing the minimal tiling path of 72 052 physical-mapped gene-bearing BACs. This generated ~1.7 Gb of genomic sequence containing an estimated 2/3 of all Morex barley genes. Exploration of these sequenced BACs revealed that although distal ends of chromosomes contain most of the gene-enriched BACs and are characterized by high recombination rates, there are also gene-dense regions with suppressed recombination. We made use of published map-anchored sequence data from Aegilops tauschii to develop a synteny viewer between barley and the ancestor of the wheat D-genome. Except for some notable inversions, there is a high level of collinearity between the two species. The software HarvEST:Barley provides facile access to BAC sequences and their annotations, along with the barley-Ae. tauschii synteny viewer. These BAC sequences constitute a resource to improve the efficiency of marker development, map-based cloning, and comparative genomics in barley and related crops. Additional knowledge about regions of the barley genome that are gene-dense but low recombination is particularly relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Muñoz-Amatriaín
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Stefano Lonardi
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - MingCheng Luo
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Kavitha Madishetty
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jan T Svensson
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Nordic Genetic Resource Center, SE-23053, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Matthew J Moscou
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Steve Wanamaker
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Andris Kleinhofs
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Gary J Muehlbauer
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Roger P Wise
- Corn Insects and Crop Genetics Research, USDA-Agricultural Research Service & Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011-1020, USA
| | - Nils Stein
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Yaqin Ma
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Molefarming Laboratory USA, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Edmundo Rodriguez
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Departamento de Ciencias Basicas, Universidad Autonoma Agraria Antonio Narro, Narro 1923, Saltillo, Coah, 25315, México
| | - Dave Kudrna
- Arizona Genomics Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Prasanna R Bhat
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Monsanto Research Center, Bangalore, 560092, India
| | - Shiaoman Chao
- USDA-ARS Biosciences Research Lab, Fargo, ND, 58105, USA
| | - Pascal Condamine
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Shane Heinen
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Josh Resnik
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Rod Wing
- Arizona Genomics Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Heather N Witt
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Matthew Alpert
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Turtle Rock Studios, Lake Forest, CA, 92630, USA
| | - Marco Beccuti
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Corso Svizzera 185, 10149, Turin, Italy
| | - Serdar Bozdag
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Deptartment of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Marquette University, Milwaukee, WI, 53233, USA
| | - Francesca Cordero
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Corso Svizzera 185, 10149, Turin, Italy
| | - Hamid Mirebrahim
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Rachid Ounit
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Google Inc., Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA
| | - Frank You
- USDA-ARS, Albany, CA, 94710, USA
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Morden, MB, R6M 1Y5, Canada
| | - Jie Zheng
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hana Simková
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Sokolovskį 6, CZ-77200, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Dolezel
- Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany, Sokolovskį 6, CZ-77200, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jane Grimwood
- Hudson Alpha Genome Sequencing Center, DOE Joint Genome Institute, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Hudson Alpha Genome Sequencing Center, DOE Joint Genome Institute, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
- US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, 94598, USA
| | - Denisa Duma
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Baylor College of Medicine, Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lothar Altschmied
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Tom Blake
- Department of Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3150, USA
| | | | - Laurel Cooper
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Muharrem Dilbirligi
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- International Cooperation Department, The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Tunus cad. No: 80, 06100, Kavaklidere, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Anders Falk
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Leila Feiz
- Department of Plant Sciences & Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3150, USA
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853-1801, USA
| | - Andreas Graner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), D-06466, Gatersleben, Germany
| | | | - Patrick M Hayes
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Peggy Lemaux
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jafar Mammadov
- Department of Crop & Soil Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- Dow AgroSciences LLC, Indianapolis, IN, 46268-1054, USA
| | - Timothy J Close
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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