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Bonente D, Bianchi L, De Salvo R, Nicoletti C, De Benedetto E, Bacci T, Bini L, Inzalaco G, Franci L, Chiariello M, Tosi GM, Bertelli E, Barone V. Co-Expression of Podoplanin and CD44 in Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy Epiretinal Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119728. [PMID: 37298679 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Epiretinal membranes (ERMs) are sheets of tissue that pathologically develop in the vitreoretinal interface leading to progressive vision loss. They are formed by different cell types and by an exuberant deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Recently, we reviewed ERMs' extracellular matrix components to better understand molecular dysfunctions that trigger and fuel the onset and development of this disease. The bioinformatics approach we applied delineated a comprehensive overview on this fibrocellular tissue and on critical proteins that could really impact ERM physiopathology. Our interactomic analysis proposed the hyaluronic-acid-receptor cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) as a central regulator of ERM aberrant dynamics and progression. Interestingly, the interaction between CD44 and podoplanin (PDPN) was shown to promote directional migration in epithelial cells. PDPN is a glycoprotein overexpressed in various cancers and a growing body of evidence indicates its relevant function in several fibrotic and inflammatory pathologies. The binding of PDPN to partner proteins and/or its ligand results in the modulation of signaling pathways regulating proliferation, contractility, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and extracellular matrix remodeling, all processes that are vital in ERM formation. In this context, the understanding of the PDPN role can help to modulate signaling during fibrosis, hence opening a new line of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Bonente
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Laura Bianchi
- Section of Functional Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Rossana De Salvo
- Section of Functional Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Claudio Nicoletti
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena De Benedetto
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bacci
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luca Bini
- Section of Functional Proteomics, Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giovanni Inzalaco
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Franci
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Mario Chiariello
- Core Research Laboratory (CRL), Istituto per lo Studio, la Prevenzione e la Rete Oncologica (ISPRO), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica (IFC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Via Fiorentina 1, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Gian Marco Tosi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Viale Mario Bracci 16, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Eugenio Bertelli
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Virginia Barone
- Department of Molecular and Developmental Medicine, University of Siena, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Jun SY, Yoon HR, Yoon JY, Jeon SJ, Lee JJ, Halder D, Kim JM, Kim NS. The Human TOR Signaling Regulator Is the Key Indicator of Liver Cancer Patients' Overall Survival: TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44 as Potential Biomarkers for Early Liver Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2925. [PMID: 34208132 PMCID: PMC8230774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported the involvement of TIPRL/LC3/CD133 in liver cancer aggressiveness. This study assessed the human TOR signaling regulator (TIPRL)/microtubule-associated light chain 3 (LC3)/prominin-1 (CD133)/cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for early liver cancer. For the assessment, we stained tissues of human liver disease/cancer with antibodies against TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44/CD46, followed by confocal observation. The roles of TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44/CD46 in liver normal and cancer cell lines were determined by in vitro studies. We analyzed the prognostic and diagnostic potentials of TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44/CD46 using the receiver-operating characteristic curve, a Kaplan-Meier and uni-/multi-Cox analyses. TIPRL and LC3 were upregulated in tissues of HCCs and adult hepatocytes-derived liver diseases while downregulated in iCCA. Intriguingly, TIPRL levels were found to be critically associated with liver cancer patients' survivability, and TIPRL is the key player in liver cancer cell proliferation and viability via stemness and self-renewal induction. Furthermore, we demonstrate that TIPRL/LC3/CD133 have shown prominent efficiency for diagnosing patients with grade 1 iCCA. TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44 have also provided excellent potential for prognosticating patients with grade 1 iCCA and grade 1 HCCs, together with demonstrating that TIPRL/LC3/CD133/CD44 are, either individually or in conjunction, potential biomarkers for early liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Young Jun
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Hyang Ran Yoon
- Immunotherapy Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea;
| | - Ji-Yong Yoon
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Jeon
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ju Lee
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Debasish Halder
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Jin-Man Kim
- Department of Pathology, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 35015, Korea;
| | - Nam-Soon Kim
- Medical Genomics Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea; (S.Y.J.); (J.-Y.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (J.-J.L.); (D.H.)
- Rare-Disease Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, University of Science & Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
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Roncati L, Vadalà M, Corazzari V, Palmieri B. COVID-19 vaccine and boosted immunity: Nothing ad interim to do? Vaccine 2020; 38:7581-4. [PMID: 33071005 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Today, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global public health emergency and vaccination measures to counter its diffusion are deemed necessary. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of the disease, unleashes a T-helper 2 immune response in those patients requiring intensive care. Here, we illustrate the immunological mechanism to train the immune system towards a more effective and less symptomatic T-helper 1 immune response, to be exploited against SARS-CoV-2.
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Bonet IJM, Araldi D, Khomula EV, Bogen O, Green PG, Levine JD. Mechanisms Mediating High-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronan-Induced Antihyperalgesia. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6477-88. [PMID: 32665406 DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0166-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the mechanism by which high-molecular-weight hyaluronan (HMWH) attenuates nociceptor sensitization, in the setting of inflammation. HMWH attenuated mechanical hyperalgesia induced by the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in male and female rats. Intrathecal administration of an oligodeoxynucleotide antisense (AS-ODN) to mRNA for cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44), the cognate hyaluronan receptor, and intradermal administration of A5G27, a CD44 receptor antagonist, both attenuated antihyperalgesia induced by HMWH. In male rats, HMWH also signals via Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and AS-ODN for TLR4 mRNA administered intrathecally, attenuated HMWH-induced antihyperalgesia. Since HMWH signaling is dependent on CD44 clustering in lipid rafts, we pretreated animals with methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), which disrupts lipid rafts. MβCD markedly attenuated HMWH-induced antihyperalgesia. Inhibitors for components of intracellular signaling pathways activated by CD44, including phospholipase C and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), also attenuated HMWH-induced antihyperalgesia. Furthermore, in vitro application of HMWH attenuated PGE2-induced sensitization of tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium current, in small-diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons, an effect that was attenuated by a PI3K inhibitor. Our results indicate a central role of CD44 signaling in HMWH-induced antihyperalgesia and suggest novel therapeutic targets, downstream of CD44, for the treatment of pain generated by nociceptor sensitization.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT High-molecular-weight-hyaluronan (HMWH) is used to treat osteoarthritis and other pain syndromes. In this study we demonstrate that attenuation of inflammatory hyperalgesia by HMWH is mediated by its action at cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44) and activation of its downstream signaling pathways, including RhoGTPases (RhoA and Rac1), phospholipases (phospholipases Cε and Cγ1), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase, in nociceptors. These findings contribute to our understanding of the antihyperalgesic effect of HMWH and support the hypothesis that CD44 and its downstream signaling pathways represent novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of inflammatory pain.
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Zhu Y, Zhang H, Zhang G, Shi Y, Huang J. Co-expression of CD44/MyD88 is a poor prognostic factor in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Ann Transl Med 2019; 7:91. [PMID: 31019941 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2019.01.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Cluster of differentiation 44 (CD44)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) is the molecular characterization of EOC stem cells. An important characteristic of CD44+/MyD88+ epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells, which differentiate them from the CD44-/MyD88- EOC cells, is the presence of a functional TLR4-MyD88-NFkB pathway. The aim of our study is to investigate the clinical significance of CD44/MyD88 co-expression in EOC. Methods A total of 138 specimens of ovarian tissues was detected CD44 and MyD88 expression by immunocytochemistry, including EOC (N=108), borderline tumors (N=10), benign cysts (N=10) and normal ovarian tissue (N=10). The association of CD44/MyD88 co-expression with clinicopathological factors and outcomes was analyzed. Results The expression of CD44 was showed distinct difference in EOC (53 of 108, 49.1%), in borderline tumors (3 of 10, 30.0%), in benign cysts (2 of 10, 20.0%) and normal ovarian (2 of 10, 20.0%). A total of 41 (38.0%) cancers showed a combined expression of CD44/MyD88. The expression of CD44 and MyD88 had definitely correlativity (r=0.21, P=0.026). CD44/MyD88 co-expression was associated with tumor progression, metastasis, and recurrence in advanced EOC, and an independent prognostic factor for disease-free survival and overall survival. Conclusions CD44/MyD88 co-expression has been shown to contribute to EOC progression and outcome directly and has a promising as a therapeutic target in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhu
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Ultrasound, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sichuan Jinxin Women and Children's Hospital, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Guonan Zhang
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yu Shi
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianming Huang
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Cancer Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
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