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Tomasetti SJ, Doall MH, Hallinan BD, Kraemer JR, Gobler CJ. Oyster reefs' control of carbonate chemistry-Implications for oyster reef restoration in estuaries subject to coastal ocean acidification. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:6572-6590. [PMID: 37777480 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Globally, oyster reef restoration is one of the most widely applied coastal restoration interventions. While reefs are focal points of processes tightly linked to the carbonate system such as shell formation and respiration, how these processes alter reef carbonate chemistry relative to the surrounding seawater is unclear. Moreover, coastal systems are increasingly impacted by coastal acidification, which may affect reef carbonate chemistry. Here, we characterized the growth of multiple constructed reefs as well as summer variations in pH and carbonate chemistry of reef-influenced seawater (in the middle of reefs) and ambient seawater (at locations ~50 m outside of reefs) to determine how reef chemistry was altered by the reef community and, in turn, impacts resident oysters. High frequency monitoring across three subtidal constructed reefs revealed reductions of daily mean and minimum pH (by 0.05-0.07 and 0.07-0.12 units, respectively) in seawater overlying reefs relative to ambient seawater (p < .0001). The proportion of pH measurements below 7.5, a threshold shown to negatively impact post-larval oysters, were 1.8×-5.2× higher in reef seawater relative to ambient seawater. Most reef seawater samples (83%) were reduced in total alkalinity relative to ambient seawater samples, suggesting community calcification was a key driver of modified carbonate chemistry. The net metabolic influence of the reef community resulted in reductions of CaCO3 saturation state in 78% of discrete samples, and juvenile oysters placed on reefs exhibited slower shell growth (p < .05) compared to oysters placed outside of reefs. While differences in survival were not detected, reef oysters may benefit from enhanced survival or recruitment at the cost of slowed growth rates. Nevertheless, subtidal restored reef communities modified seawater carbonate chemistry in ways that likely increased oyster vulnerability to acidification, suggesting that carbonate chemistry dynamics warrant consideration when determining site suitability for oyster restoration, particularly under continued climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Tomasetti
- Department of Natural Sciences, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael H Doall
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, USA
| | - Brendan D Hallinan
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Kraemer
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, USA
| | - Christopher J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Southampton, New York, USA
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2
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Rosenau NA, Galavotti H, Yates KK, Bohlen CC, Hunt CW, Liebman M, Brown CA, Pacella SR, Largier JL, Nielsen KJ, Hu X, McCutcheon MR, Vasslides JM, Poach M, Ford T, Johnston K, Steele A. Integrating High-Resolution Coastal Acidification Monitoring Data Across Seven United States Estuaries. Front Mar Sci 2021; 19:1-679913. [PMID: 35693025 PMCID: PMC9179233 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.679913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Beginning in 2015, the United States Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) National Estuary Program (NEP) started a collaboration with partners in seven estuaries along the East Coast (Barnegat Bay; Casco Bay), West Coast (Santa Monica Bay; San Francisco Bay; Tillamook Bay), and the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) Coast (Tampa Bay; Mission-Aransas Estuary) of the United States to expand the use of autonomous monitoring of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) and pH. Analysis of high-frequency (hourly to sub-hourly) coastal acidification data including pCO2, pH, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO) indicate that the sensors effectively captured key parameter measurements under challenging environmental conditions, allowing for an initial characterization of daily to seasonal trends in carbonate chemistry across a range of estuarine settings. Multi-year monitoring showed that across all water bodies temperature and pCO2 covaried, suggesting that pCO2 variability was governed, in part, by seasonal temperature changes with average pCO2 being lower in cooler, winter months and higher in warmer, summer months. Furthermore, the timing of seasonal shifts towards increasing (or decreasing) pCO2 varied by location and appears to be related to regional climate conditions. Specifically, pCO2 increases began earlier in the year in warmer water, lower latitude water bodies in the GOM (Tampa Bay; Mission-Aransas Estuary) as compared with cooler water, higher latitude water bodies in the northeast (Barnegat Bay; Casco Bay), and upwelling-influenced West Coast water bodies (Tillamook Bay; Santa Monica Bay; San Francisco Bay). Results suggest that both thermal and non-thermal influences are important drivers of pCO2 in Tampa Bay oxygen, National Estuary Program and Mission-Aransas Estuary. Conversely, non-thermal processes, most notably the biogeochemical structure of coastal upwelling, appear to be largely responsible for the observed pCO2 values in West Coast water bodies. The co-occurrence of high salinity, high pCO2, low DO, and low temperature water in Santa Monica Bay and San Francisco Bay characterize the coastal upwelling paradigm that is also evident in Tillamook Bay when upwelling dominates freshwater runoff and local processes. These data demonstrate that high-quality carbonate chemistry observations can be recorded from estuarine environments using autonomous sensors originally designed for open-ocean settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A. Rosenau
- Ocean and Coastal Management Branch, Office of Wetlands Oceans and Watersheds, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Holly Galavotti
- Ocean and Coastal Management Branch, Office of Wetlands Oceans and Watersheds, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kimberly K. Yates
- United States Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Curtis C. Bohlen
- Casco Bay Estuary Partnership, Cutler Institute, University of Southern Maine, Portland, ME, United States
| | - Christopher W. Hunt
- Ocean Process Analysis Laboratory, Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United States
| | - Matthew Liebman
- United States Environmental Protection Agency Region 1, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Cheryl A. Brown
- Pacific Coastal Ecology Branch, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Newport, OR, United States
| | - Stephen R. Pacella
- Pacific Coastal Ecology Branch, Pacific Ecological Systems Division, Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Newport, OR, United States
| | - John L. Largier
- Coastal and Marine Sciences Institute, University of California, Davis, Bodega Bay, CA, United States
| | - Karina J. Nielsen
- Estuary & Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, United States
| | - Xinping Hu
- Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
| | - Melissa R. McCutcheon
- Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies, Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi, Corpus Christi, TX, United States
| | - James M. Vasslides
- Barnegat Bay Partnership, Ocean County College, Toms River, NJ, United States
| | - Matthew Poach
- NOAA Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Milford, CT, United States
| | - Tom Ford
- The Bay Foundation, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | - Alex Steele
- Ocean Monitoring and Research Group, Los Angeles County Sanitation District (LACSD), Whittier, CA, United States
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3
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Rheuban JE, Gassett PR, McCorkle DC, Hunt CW, Liebman M, Bastidas C, O'Brien-Clayton K, Pimenta AR, Silva E, Vlahos P, Woosley RJ, Ries J, Liberti CM, Grear J, Salisbury J, Brady DC, Guay K, LaVigne M, Strong AL, Stancioff E, Turner E. Synoptic assessment of coastal total alkalinity through community science. Environ Res Lett 2021. [PMID: 35069797 DOI: 10.4211/hs.4364cffedc7e49d49255eef5f8e83148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive sampling of the carbonate system in estuaries and coastal waters can be difficult and expensive because of the complex and heterogeneous nature of near-shore environments. We show that sample collection by community science programs is a viable strategy for expanding estuarine carbonate system monitoring and prioritizing regions for more targeted assessment. 'Shell Day' was a single-day regional water monitoring event coordinating coastal carbonate chemistry observations by 59 community science programs and seven research institutions in the northeastern United States, in which 410 total alkalinity (TA) samples from 86 stations were collected. Field replicates collected at both low and high tides had a mean standard deviation between replicates of 3.6 ± 0.3 μmol kg-1 (σ mean ± SE, n = 145) or 0.20 ± 0.02%. This level of precision demonstrates that with adequate protocols for sample collection, handling, storage, and analysis, community science programs are able to collect TA samples leading to high-quality analyses and data. Despite correlations between salinity, temperature, and TA observed at multiple spatial scales, empirical predictions of TA had relatively high root mean square error >48 μmol kg-1. Additionally, ten stations displayed tidal variability in TA that was not likely driven by low TA freshwater inputs. As such, TA cannot be predicted accurately from salinity using a single relationship across the northeastern US region, though predictions may be viable at more localized scales where consistent freshwater and seawater endmembers can be defined. There was a high degree of geographic heterogeneity in both mean and tidal variability in TA, and this single-day snapshot sampling identified three patterns driving variation in TA, with certain locations exhibiting increased risk of acidification. The success of Shell Day implies that similar community science based events could be conducted in other regions to not only expand understanding of the coastal carbonate system, but also provide a way to inventory monitoring assets, build partnerships with stakeholders, and expand education and outreach to a broader constituency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Rheuban
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole Sea Grant, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
| | - P R Gassett
- University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
- Maine Sea Grant, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
- Equally contributing first author
| | - D C McCorkle
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
| | - C W Hunt
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America
| | - M Liebman
- US Environmental Protection Agency Region 1, Boston, MA 02109, United States of America
| | - C Bastidas
- MIT Sea Grant, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - K O'Brien-Clayton
- Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Hartford, CT 06106, United States of America
| | - A R Pimenta
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America
| | - E Silva
- Northeastern Regional Association of Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (NERACOOS), Portsmouth, NH 03801, United States of America
| | - P Vlahos
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - R J Woosley
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Global Change Science, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - J Ries
- Northeastern University, Marine Science Center, Department of Marine & Environmental Science, Nahant, MA 01908, United States of America
| | - C M Liberti
- University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - J Grear
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America
| | - J Salisbury
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America
| | - D C Brady
- University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - K Guay
- Bowdoin College, Department of Earth and Oceanographic Science, Brunswick, ME 04011, United States of America
| | - M LaVigne
- Bowdoin College, Department of Earth and Oceanographic Science, Brunswick, ME 04011, United States of America
| | - A L Strong
- Hamilton College, Environmental Studies Program, Clinton, NY 13323, United States of America
| | - E Stancioff
- Maine Sea Grant, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
- University of Maine Cooperative Extension Office, Waldoboro, ME 04572, United States of America
| | - E Turner
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America, Retired
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4
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Rheuban JE, Gassett PR, McCorkle DC, Hunt CW, Liebman M, Bastidas C, O’Brien-Clayton K, Pimenta AR, Silva E, Vlahos P, Woosley RJ, Ries J, Liberti CM, Grear J, Salisbury J, Brady DC, Guay K, LaVigne M, Strong AL, Stancioff E, Turner E. Synoptic assessment of coastal total alkalinity through community science. Environ Res Lett 2021; 16:1-14. [PMID: 35069797 PMCID: PMC8780830 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/abcb39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Comprehensive sampling of the carbonate system in estuaries and coastal waters can be difficult and expensive because of the complex and heterogeneous nature of near-shore environments. We show that sample collection by community science programs is a viable strategy for expanding estuarine carbonate system monitoring and prioritizing regions for more targeted assessment. 'Shell Day' was a single-day regional water monitoring event coordinating coastal carbonate chemistry observations by 59 community science programs and seven research institutions in the northeastern United States, in which 410 total alkalinity (TA) samples from 86 stations were collected. Field replicates collected at both low and high tides had a mean standard deviation between replicates of 3.6 ± 0.3 μmol kg-1 (σ mean ± SE, n = 145) or 0.20 ± 0.02%. This level of precision demonstrates that with adequate protocols for sample collection, handling, storage, and analysis, community science programs are able to collect TA samples leading to high-quality analyses and data. Despite correlations between salinity, temperature, and TA observed at multiple spatial scales, empirical predictions of TA had relatively high root mean square error >48 μmol kg-1. Additionally, ten stations displayed tidal variability in TA that was not likely driven by low TA freshwater inputs. As such, TA cannot be predicted accurately from salinity using a single relationship across the northeastern US region, though predictions may be viable at more localized scales where consistent freshwater and seawater endmembers can be defined. There was a high degree of geographic heterogeneity in both mean and tidal variability in TA, and this single-day snapshot sampling identified three patterns driving variation in TA, with certain locations exhibiting increased risk of acidification. The success of Shell Day implies that similar community science based events could be conducted in other regions to not only expand understanding of the coastal carbonate system, but also provide a way to inventory monitoring assets, build partnerships with stakeholders, and expand education and outreach to a broader constituency.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Rheuban
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole Sea Grant, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
| | - P R Gassett
- University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
- Maine Sea Grant, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
- Equally contributing first author
| | - D C McCorkle
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole, MA 02543, United States of America
| | - C W Hunt
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America
| | - M Liebman
- US Environmental Protection Agency Region 1, Boston, MA 02109, United States of America
| | - C Bastidas
- MIT Sea Grant, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - K O’Brien-Clayton
- Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, Hartford, CT 06106, United States of America
| | - A R Pimenta
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America
| | - E Silva
- Northeastern Regional Association of Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (NERACOOS), Portsmouth, NH 03801, United States of America
| | - P Vlahos
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America
| | - R J Woosley
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Global Change Science, Cambridge, MA 02139, United States of America
| | - J Ries
- Northeastern University, Marine Science Center, Department of Marine & Environmental Science, Nahant, MA 01908, United States of America
| | - C M Liberti
- University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - J Grear
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Atlantic Coastal Environmental Sciences Division, Narragansett, RI 02882, United States of America
| | - J Salisbury
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States of America
| | - D C Brady
- University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
| | - K Guay
- Bowdoin College, Department of Earth and Oceanographic Science, Brunswick, ME 04011, United States of America
| | - M LaVigne
- Bowdoin College, Department of Earth and Oceanographic Science, Brunswick, ME 04011, United States of America
| | - A L Strong
- Hamilton College, Environmental Studies Program, Clinton, NY 13323, United States of America
| | - E Stancioff
- Maine Sea Grant, Orono, ME 04469, United States of America
- University of Maine Cooperative Extension Office, Waldoboro, ME 04572, United States of America
| | - E Turner
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Silver Spring, MD 20910, United States of America, Retired
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5
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Steckbauer A, Klein SG, Duarte CM. Additive impacts of deoxygenation and acidification threaten marine biota. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:5602-5612. [PMID: 32583519 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Deoxygenation in coastal and open-ocean ecosystems rarely exists in isolation but occurs concomitantly with acidification. Here, we first combine meta-data of experimental assessments from across the globe to investigate the potential interactive impacts of deoxygenation and acidification on a broad range of marine taxa. We then characterize the differing degrees of deoxygenation and acidification tested in our dataset using a ratio between the partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide (pO2 /pCO2 ) to assess how biological processes change under an extensive, yet diverse range of pO2 and pCO2 conditions. The dataset comprised 375 experimental comparisons and revealed predominantly additive but variable effects (91.7%, additive; 6.0%, synergistic; and 2.3%, antagonistic) of the dual stressors, yielding negative impacts across almost all responses examined. Our data indicate that the pO2 /pCO2 -ratio offers a simplified metric to characterize the extremity of the concurrent stressors and shows that more severe impacts occurred when ratios represented more extreme deoxygenation and acidification conditions. Importantly, our analysis highlights the need to assess the concurrent impacts of deoxygenation and acidification on marine taxa and that assessments considering the impact of O2 depletion alone will likely underestimate the impacts of deoxygenation events and their ecosystem-wide consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Steckbauer
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shannon G Klein
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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6
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Hall ER, Wickes L, Burnett LE, Scott GI, Hernandez D, Yates KK, Barbero L, Reimer JJ, Baalousha M, Mintz J, Cai WJ, Craig JK, DeVoe MR, Fisher WS, Hathaway TK, Jewett EB, Johnson Z, Keener P, Mordecai RS, Noakes S, Phillips C, Sandifer PA, Schnetzer A, Styron J. Acidification in the U.S. Southeast: Causes, Potential Consequences and the Role of the Southeast Ocean and Coastal Acidification Network. Front Mar Sci 2020; 7:1-548. [PMID: 32802822 PMCID: PMC7424514 DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Coastal acidification in southeastern U.S. estuaries and coastal waters is influenced by biological activity, run-off from the land, and increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Acidification can negatively impact coastal resources such as shellfish, finfish, and coral reefs, and the communities that rely on them. Organismal responses for species located in the U.S. Southeast document large negative impacts of acidification, especially in larval stages. For example, the toxicity of pesticides increases under acidified conditions and the combination of acidification and low oxygen has profoundly negative influences on genes regulating oxygen consumption. In corals, the rate of calcification decreases with acidification and processes such as wound recovery, reproduction, and recruitment are negatively impacted. Minimizing the changes in global ocean chemistry will ultimately depend on the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, but adaptation to these changes and mitigation of the local stressors that exacerbate global acidification can be addressed locally. The evolution of our knowledge of acidification, from basic understanding of the problem to the emergence of applied research and monitoring, has been facilitated by the development of regional Coastal Acidification Networks (CANs) across the United States. This synthesis is a product of the Southeast Coastal and Ocean Acidification Network (SOCAN). SOCAN was established to better understand acidification in the coastal waters of the U.S. Southeast and to foster communication among scientists, resource managers, businesses, and governments in the region. Here we review acidification issues in the U.S. Southeast, including the regional mechanisms of acidification and their potential impacts on biological resources and coastal communities. We recommend research and monitoring priorities and discuss the role SOCAN has in advancing acidification research and mitigation of and adaptation to these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Hall
- Mote Marine Laboratory, Sarasota, FL, United States
- Correspondence: Emily R. Hall
| | - Leslie Wickes
- Thrive Blue Consulting, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Louis E. Burnett
- Grice Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Geoffrey I. Scott
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Debra Hernandez
- Southeastern Coastal Ocean Observing and Research Regional Association, Charleston, SC, United States
| | | | - Leticia Barbero
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Janet J. Reimer
- College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - Mohammed Baalousha
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
| | - Jennifer Mintz
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Ocean Acidification Program, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Wei-Jun Cai
- College of Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States
| | - J. Kevin Craig
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Beaufort, NC, United States
| | - M. Richard DeVoe
- South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - William S. Fisher
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Gulf Ecology Laboratory, Gulf Breeze, FL, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth B. Jewett
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Ocean Acidification Program, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Zackary Johnson
- Nicholas School of the Environment and Biology Department, Duke University, Beaufort, NC, United States
| | - Paula Keener
- Global Ocean Visions, LLC, Charleston, SC, United States
| | | | - Scott Noakes
- Center for Applied Isotope Studies, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Charlie Phillips
- Phillips Seafood, Sapelo Sea Farms, South Atlantic Fisheries Management Council, Townsend, GA, United States
| | - Paul A. Sandifer
- Hollings Marine Laboratory, College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Astrid Schnetzer
- Marine, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jay Styron
- Carolina Mariculture Company, Cedar Island, NC, United States
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7
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Smith JN, Mongin M, Thompson A, Jonker MJ, De'ath G, Fabricius KE. Shifts in coralline algae, macroalgae, and coral juveniles in the Great Barrier Reef associated with present-day ocean acidification. Global Change Biology 2020; 26:2149-2160. [PMID: 32048410 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Seawater acidification from increasing CO2 is often enhanced in coastal waters due to elevated nutrients and sedimentation. Our understanding of the effects of ocean and coastal acidification on present-day ecosystems is limited. Here we use data from three independent large-scale reef monitoring programs to assess coral reef responses associated with changes in mean aragonite saturation state (Ωar ) in the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area (GBR). Spatial declines in mean Ωar are associated with monotonic declines in crustose coralline algae (up to 3.1-fold) and coral juvenile densities (1.3-fold), while non-calcifying macroalgae greatly increase (up to 3.2-fold), additionally to their natural changes across and along the GBR. These three key groups of organisms are important proxies for coral reef health. Our data suggest a tipping point at Ωar 3.5-3.6 for these coral reef health indicators. Suspended sediments acted as an additive stressor. The latter suggests that effective water quality management to reduce suspended sediments might locally and temporarily reduce the pressure from ocean acidification on these organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy N Smith
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Angus Thompson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia
| | | | - Glenn De'ath
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Qld, Australia
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8
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Klein SG, Steckbauer A, Duarte CM. Defining CO 2 and O 2 syndromes of marine biomes in the Anthropocene. Glob Chang Biol 2020; 26:355-363. [PMID: 31637801 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Research efforts have intensified to foresee the prospects for marine biomes under climate change and anthropogenic drivers over varying temporal and spatial scales. Parallel with these efforts is the utilization of terminology, such as 'ocean acidification' (OA) and 'ocean deoxygenation' (OD), that can foster rapid comprehension of complex processes driving carbon dioxide (CO2 ) and oxygen (O2 ) concentrations in the global ocean and thus, are now widely used in discussions within and beyond academia. However, common usage of the terms 'acidification' and 'deoxygenation' alone are subjective and, without adequate contextualization, have the potential to mislead inferences over drivers that may ultimately shape the future state of marine ecosystems. Here we clarify the usage of the terms OA and OD as global, climate change-driven processes and discuss the various attributes of elevated CO2 and reduced O2 syndromes common to coastal ecosystems. We support the use of the existing terms 'coastal acidification' and 'coastal deoxygenation' because they help differentiate the sometimes rapid and extreme nature of CO2 and O2 syndromes in coastal ecosystems from the global, climate change-driven processes of OA and OD. Given the complexity and breadth of the processes involved in altering CO2 and O2 concentrations across marine ecosystems, we provide a workflow to enable contextualization and clarification of the usage of existing terms and highlight the close link between these two gases across spatial and temporal scales in the ocean. These distinctions are crucial to guide effective communication of research within the scientific community and guide policymakers responsible for intervening on the drivers to secure desirable future ocean states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon G Klein
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alexandra Steckbauer
- Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
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Grear JS, O'Leary CA, Nye JA, Tettelbach ST, Gobler CJ. Effects of coastal acidification on North Atlantic bivalves: interpreting laboratory responses in the context of in situ populations. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 2020; 633:89-104. [PMID: 34121786 PMCID: PMC8193825 DOI: 10.3354/meps13140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Experimental exposure of early life stage bivalves has documented negative effects of elevated pCO2 on survival and growth, but the population consequences of these effects are unknown. Following standard practices from population viability analysis and wildlife risk assessment, we substituted laboratory-derived stress-response relationships into baseline population models of Mercenaria mercenaria and Argopecten irradians. The models were constructed using inverse demographic analyses with time series of size-structured field data in NY, USA, whereas the stress-response relationships were developed using data from a series of previously published laboratory studies. We used stochastic projection methods and diffusion approximations of extinction probability to estimate cumulative risk of 50% population decline during ten-year population projections at 1, 1.5 and 2 times ambient pCO2 levels. Although the A. irradians population exhibited higher growth in the field data (12% per year) than the declining M. mercenaria population (-8% per year), cumulative risk was high for A. irradians in the first ten years due to high variance in the stochastic growth rate estimate (log λs = -0.02, σ2 = 0.24). This ten-year cumulative risk increased from 69% to 94% and >99% at 1.5 and 2 times ambient scenarios. For M. mercenaria (log λs = -0.09, σ2 = 0.01), ten-year risk was 81%, 96% and >99% at 1, 1.5 and 2 times ambient pCO2, respectively. These estimates of risk could be improved with detailed consideration of harvest effects, disease, restocking, compensatory responses, other ecological complexities, and the nature of interactions between these and other effects that are beyond the scope of available data. However, results clearly indicate that early life stage responses to plausible levels of pCO2 enrichment have the potential to cause significant increases in risk to these marine bivalve populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Grear
- Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, 27 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA
| | - C A O'Leary
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - J A Nye
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - S T Tettelbach
- Long Island University, 720 Northern Blvd, Brookville, NY 11548, USA
| | - C J Gobler
- School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
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