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Weinberg SM, Roosenboom J, Shaffer JR, Shriver MD, Wysocka J, Claes P. Hunting for genes that shape human faces: Initial successes and challenges for the future. Orthod Craniofac Res 2019; 22 Suppl 1:207-212. [PMID: 31074157 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is ample evidence from heritability studies, genetic syndromes and experimental animal models that facial morphology is strongly influenced by genes. In this brief review, we present an up-to-date overview of the efforts to identify genes associated with the size and shape of human facial features. We discuss recent methodological advances that have led to breakthroughs, but also the multitude of challenges facing the field. We offer perspective on possible applications of this line of research, particularly in the context of the precision genomics movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth M Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jasmien Roosenboom
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - John R Shaffer
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark D Shriver
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania
| | - Joanna Wysocka
- Department of Chemical and Systems Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California.,Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California
| | - Peter Claes
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Medical Imaging Research Center, MIRC, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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