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Kamiński B, Paczesny J. Bacteriophage Challenges in Industrial Processes: A Historical Unveiling and Future Outlook. Pathogens 2024; 13:152. [PMID: 38392890 PMCID: PMC10893365 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans have used fermentation processes since the Neolithic period, mainly to produce beverages. The turning point occurred in the 1850s, when Louis Pasteur discovered that fermentation resulted from the metabolism of living microorganisms. This discovery led to the fast development of fermented food production. The importance of industrial processes based on fermentation significantly increased. Many branches of industry rely on the metabolisms of bacteria, for example, the dairy industry (cheese, milk, yogurts), pharmaceutical processes (insulin, vaccines, antibiotics), or the production of chemicals (acetone, butanol, acetic acid). These are the mass production processes involving a large financial outlay. That is why it is essential to minimize threats to production. One major threat affecting bacteria-based processes is bacteriophage infections, causing substantial economic losses. The first reported phage infections appeared in the 1930s, and companies still struggle to fight against phages. This review shows the cases of phage infections in industry and the most common methods used to prevent phage infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan Paczesny
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland;
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Smita Biswas S, Chakraborty S, Saha A, Eswaramoorthy M. Electrochemical Nitrogen Reduction to Ammonia Under Ambient Conditions: Stakes and Challenges. CHEM REC 2022; 22:e202200139. [PMID: 35866503 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202200139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aqueous electrochemical nitrogen reduction (ENR) to ammonia (NH3 ) under ambient conditions is considered as an alternative to the energy-intensive Haber-Bosch process for ammonia production. Many metal, non-metal, carbon-based materials along with metal-chalcogenides, metal-nitrides have been explored for their ENR activity. The reported NH3 production through ENR is still in the micro-gram level and often falls in the range of NH3 and NOx contaminations from the surrounding. The quantification of NH3 at very low concentration possess enormous challenge in this field and thus many reported ENR electrocatalysts suffer from reproducibility issue. This review highlights in detail the challenges associated with ENR in aqueous medium and necessitates standardization of protocols to quantify the low concentration of NH3 free of false-positives. It concludes the prospects of electrochemical NH3 production through lithium-mediated N2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchi Smita Biswas
- Nanomaterials and Catalysis Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), JNCASR, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Soumita Chakraborty
- Nanomaterials and Catalysis Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), JNCASR, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Arunava Saha
- Nanomaterials and Catalysis Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), JNCASR, Bengaluru, 560064, India
| | - Muthusamy Eswaramoorthy
- Nanomaterials and Catalysis Laboratory, Chemistry and Physics of Materials Unit (CPMU), School of Advanced Materials (SAMat), JNCASR, Bengaluru, 560064, India.,International Centre for Materials Science, JNCASR, Bengaluru, 560064, India
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Song Y, Zou W, Lu Q, Lin L, Liu Z. Graphene Transfer: Paving the Road for Applications of Chemical Vapor Deposition Graphene. Small 2021; 17:e2007600. [PMID: 33661572 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the fascinating properties of graphene, fulfilling the promising characteristics of graphene in applications has ignited enormous scientific and industrial interest. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth of graphene on metal substrates provides tantalizing opportunities for the large-area synthesis of graphene in a controllable manner. However, the tedious transfer of graphene from metal substrates onto desired substrates remains inevitable, and cracks of graphene membrane, transfer-induced doping, wrinkles as well as surface contamination can be incurred during the transfer, which highly degrade the performance of graphene. Furthermore, new issues can arise when moving to large-scale transfer at an industrial scale, thus cost-efficient and environment-friendly transfer techniques also become imperative. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of transfer-related issues and the corresponding experimental solutions and to provide an outlook for future transfer techniques of CVD graphene films on an industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Song
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Zou
- School of Materials, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Qi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Science, China, University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Zhongfan Liu
- Beijing Graphene Institute (BGI), Beijing, 100095, P. R. China
- Center for Nanochemistry (CNC), College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, P. R. China
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Schweighuber A, Fischer J, Buchberger W. Differentiation of Polyamide 6, 6.6, and 12 Contaminations in Polyolefin-Recyclates Using HPLC Coupled to Drift-Tube Ion-Mobility Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13122032. [PMID: 34205828 PMCID: PMC8235147 DOI: 10.3390/polym13122032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Recycling is a current hot topic with a focus especially on plastics. The quality of such plastic recyclates is of utmost importance for further processing because impurities lead to a reduction thereof. Contaminations originating from other polymers are highly problematic due to their immiscibility with the recyclate, leading to possible product failures. Therefore, methods for the determination of polymer impurities in recyclates should be investigated. In this paper, an approach for the identification of three different polyamide grades (polyamide 6, 6.6, and 12) is presented, applicable for the analysis of polyolefin-recyclates. An HPLC equipped with a drift-tube ion-mobility QTOF-MS was used for the identification and differentiation of compounds originating from the polyamides, which were then used as markers. These marker compounds are specific for each type and can be identified by their corresponding value of the collision cross section (CCS). After a simple sample preparation, all three types of polyamides were identified within one measurement. In particular, the problematic differentiation of polyamide 6 and 6.6 was easily made possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Schweighuber
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jörg Fischer
- Institute of Polymeric Materials and Testing, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria;
| | - Wolfgang Buchberger
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Johannes Kepler University, Altenbergerstraße 69, 4040 Linz, Austria;
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Kiele P, Hergesell J, Bühler M, Boretius T, Suaning G, Stieglitz T. Reliability of Neural Implants-Effective Method for Cleaning and Surface Preparation of Ceramics. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:209. [PMID: 33669493 DOI: 10.3390/mi12020209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neural implants provide effective treatment and diagnosis options for diseases where pharmaceutical therapies are missing or ineffective. These active implantable medical devices (AIMDs) are designed to remain implanted and functional over decades. A key factor for achieving reliability and longevity are cleaning procedures used during manufacturing to prevent failures associated with contaminations. The Implantable Devices Group (IDG) at University College London (UCL) pioneered an approach which involved a cocktail of reagents described as “Leslie’s soup”. This process proved to be successful but no extensive evaluation of this method and the cocktail’s ingredients have been reported so far. Our study addressed this gap by a comprehensive analysis of the efficacy of this cleaning method. Surface analysis techniques complemented adhesion strengths methods to identify residues of contaminants like welding flux, solder residues or grease during typical assembly processes. Quantitative data prove the suitability of “Leslie’s soup” for cleaning of ceramic components during active implant assembly when residual ionic contaminations were removed by further treatment with isopropanol and deionised water. Solder and flux contaminations were removed without further mechanical cleaning. The adhesive strength of screen-printed metalisation layers increased from 12.50 ± 3.83 MPa without initial cleaning to 21.71 ± 1.85 MPa. We conclude that cleaning procedures during manufacturing of AIMDs, especially the understanding of applicability and limitations, is of central importance for their reliable and longevity.
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Faleel RA, Jayawardena UA. Progression of potential etiologies of the chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology in Sri Lanka. J Environ Sci Health C Toxicol Carcinog 2020; 38:362-383. [PMID: 33356855 DOI: 10.1080/26896583.2020.1852012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is a major health issue in agricultural areas in Sri Lanka. Despite many attempts to identifying causative factors of CKDu, the real cause/s remain/s elusive to date. Understanding the progression of potential etiologies may provide valuable insight into this quest. Literature relevant to CKDu addresses several etiologies, including quality of drinking water in the affected areas including hardness, fluoride, ionicity, agrochemical and heavy metal contaminations, consumption of contaminated food, and the genetic makeup of vulnerable populations. Progression of the etiologies revealed persistent interest in heavy metals of multiple origins: waterborne, foodborne, or soilborne. Secondary factors, such as water hardness, fluoride, and ionicity appear to act synergistically, aggravating the role of heavy metals on the onset, and the progression of CKDu. Demographical factors, such as male sex, over 50 years of age, agriculture-related occupation, and the consumption of contaminated water and food are intricately related with the disease progression while other minor risk factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, etc. exasperate the disease condition. Since, none of these etiologies are examined adequately, conducting laboratory exposure studies under in-vivo and in-vitro settings to understand their role in CKDu is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranaa Aqeelah Faleel
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, The Open University of Sri Lanka, Nawala, Sri Lanka
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Duan H, Chen WP, Fan M, Wang WP, Yu L, Tan SJ, Chen X, Zhang Q, Xin S, Wan LJ, Guo YG. Building an Air Stable and Lithium Deposition Regulable Garnet Interface from Moderate-Temperature Conversion Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12069-12075. [PMID: 32294296 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Garnet-type electrolytes suffer from unstable chemistry against air exposure, which generates contaminants on electrolyte surface and accounts for poor interfacial contact with the Li metal. Thermal treatment of the garnet at >700 °C could remove the surface contaminants, yet it regenerates the contaminants in the air, and aggravates the Li dendrite issue as more electron-conducting defective sites are exposed. In a departure from the removal approach, here we report a new surface chemistry that converts the contaminants into a fluorinated interface at moderate temperature <180 °C. The modified interface shows a high electron tunneling barrier and a low energy barrier for Li+ surface diffusion, so that it enables dendrite-proof Li plating/stripping at a high critical current density of 1.4 mA cm-2 . Moreover, the modified interface exhibits high chemical and electrochemical stability against air exposure, which prevents regeneration of contaminants and keeps high critical current density of 1.1 mA cm-2 . The new chemistry presents a practical solution for realization of high-energy solid-state Li metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wan-Ping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Min Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Peng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710127, P. R. China
| | - Shuang-Jie Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Sen Xin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li-Jun Wan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Guo Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Nanostructure and Nanotechnology, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing, 100190, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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