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Liu H, Qiu F, Wang Y, Zeng Q, Liu C, Chen Y, Liang CL, Zhang Q, Han L, Dai Z. CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs Synergize With Costimulatory Blockade of CD40/CD154, but Not B7/CD28, to Prolong Murine Allograft Survival. Front Immunol 2019; 10:306. [PMID: 30863408 PMCID: PMC6399415 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A transplanted organ is always rejected in the absence of any immunosuppressive treatment due to vigorous alloimmunity. However, continuously global immunosuppression with a conventional immunosuppressant may result in severe side effects, including nephrotoxicity, tumors and infections. Tregs have been widely used to inhibit allograft rejection, especially in animal models. However, it's well accepted that administration of Tregs alone is not satisfactory in immune-competent wild-type animals. Therefore, it's imperative to promote Treg therapies under the cover of other approaches, including costimulatory blockade. In the present study, we demonstrated that administration of in vitro-expanded CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs synergized with costimulatory blockade of CD40/CD154, but not B7/CD28, to prolong skin allograft survival in wild-type mice and to reduce cellular infiltration in skin allografts as well. Treg treatment and blockade of CD40/CD154, but not B7/CD28, also exhibited an additive effect on suppression of T cell proliferation in vitro and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in skin allografts. Importantly, blocking B7/CD28, but not CD40/CD154, costimulation decreased the number of transferred CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs and their expression of IL-10 in recipient mice. Furthermore, it's B7/CD28, but not CD40/CD154, costimulatory blockade that dramatically reduced IL-10 production by CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs in vitro, suggesting that B7/CD28, but not CD40/CD154, costimulation is critical for their production of IL-10. Indeed, infusion of IL-10-deficient CD8+CD122+PD-1+ Tregs failed to synergize with anti-CD154 Ab treatment to further prolong allograft survival. Our data may explain why blocking B7/CD28 costimulatory pathway does not boost IL-10-dependent Treg suppression of alloimmunity. Thus, these findings could be implicated in clinical organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhen Liu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feifei Qiu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Qiaohuang Zeng
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuihua Liu
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuchao Chen
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Ling Liang
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qunfang Zhang
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Han
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Dai
- Section of Immunology and Joint Immunology Program, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Young JS, Yin D, Vannier AGL, Alegre ML, Chong AS. Equal Expansion of Endogenous Transplant-Specific Regulatory T Cell and Recruitment Into the Allograft During Rejection and Tolerance. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1385. [PMID: 29973932 PMCID: PMC6020780 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous advances in the definition of a role for regulatory T cells (Tregs) in facilitating experimental transplantation tolerance, and ongoing clinical trials for Treg-based therapies, critical issues related to the optimum dosage, antigen-specificity, and Treg-friendly adjunct immunosuppressants remain incompletely resolved. In this study, we used a tractable approach of MHC tetramers and flow cytometry to define the fate of conventional (Tconvs) and Tregs CD4+ T cells that recognize donor 2W antigens presented by I-Ab on donor and recipient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in a mouse cardiac allograft transplant model. Our study shows that these endogenous, donor-reactive Tregs comparably accumulate in the spleens of recipients undergoing acute rejection or exhibiting costimulation blockade-induced tolerance. Importantly, this expansion was not detected when analyzing bulk splenic Tregs. Systemically, the distinguishing feature between tolerance and rejection was the inhibition of donor-reactive conventional T cell (Tconv) expansion in tolerance, translating into increased percentages of splenic FoxP3+ Tregs within the 2W:I-Ab CD4+ T cell subset compared to rejection (~35 vs. <5% in tolerance vs. rejection). We further observed that continuous administration of rapamycin, cyclosporine A, or CTLA4-Ig did not facilitate donor-specific Treg expansion, while all three drugs inhibited Tconv expansion. Finally, donor-specific Tregs accumulated comparably in rejecting tolerant allografts, whereas tolerant grafts harbored <10% of the donor-specific Tconv numbers observed in rejecting allografts. Thus, ~80% of 2W:I-Ab CD4+ T cells in tolerant allografts expressed FoxP3+ compared to ≤10% in rejecting allografts. A similar, albeit lesser, enrichment was observed with bulk graft-infiltrating CD4+ cells, where ~30% were FoxP3+ in tolerant allografts, compared to ≤10% in rejecting allografts. Finally, we assessed that the phenotype of 2W:I-Ab Tregs and observed that the percentages of cells expressing neuropilin-1 and CD73 were significantly higher in tolerance compared to rejection, suggesting that these Tregs may be functionally distinct. Collectively, the analysis of donor-reactive, but not of bulk, Tconvs and Tregs reveal a systemic signature of tolerance that is stable and congruent with the signature within tolerant allografts. Our data also underscore the importance of limiting Tconv expansion for high donor-specific Tregs:Tconv ratios to be successfully attained in transplantation tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Young
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dengping Yin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | | | - Maria-Luisa Alegre
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anita S Chong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Schroder PM, Ezekian B, Ford M, Knechtle SJ, Kwun J. Commentary: Belatacept Does Not Inhibit Follicular T Cell-Dependent B-Cell Differentiation in Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1615. [PMID: 29218048 PMCID: PMC5704107 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Schroder
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Brian Ezekian
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Mandy Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Stuart J Knechtle
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Jean Kwun
- Duke Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
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Young JS, Khiew SHW, Yang J, Vannier A, Yin D, Sciammas R, Alegre ML, Chong AS. Successful Treatment of T Cell-Mediated Acute Rejection with Delayed CTLA4-Ig in Mice. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1169. [PMID: 28970838 PMCID: PMC5609110 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations that kidney transplant recipients receiving belatacept who experienced T cell-mediated acute rejection can be successfully treated and subsequently maintained on belatacept-based immunosuppression suggest that belatacept is able to control memory T cells. We recently reported that treatment with CTLA4-Ig from day 6 posttransplantation successfully rescues allografts from acute rejection in a BALB/c to C57BL/6 heart transplant model, in part, by abolishing B cell germinal centers and reducing alloantibody titers. Here, we show that CTLA4-Ig is additionally able to inhibit established T cell responses independently of B cells. CTLA4-Ig inhibited the in vivo cytolytic activity of donor-specific CD8+ T cells, and the production of IFNγ by graft-infiltrating T cells. Delayed CTLA4-Ig treatment did not reduce the numbers of graft-infiltrating T cells nor prevented the accumulation of antigen-experienced donor-specific memory T cells in the spleen. Nevertheless, delayed CTLA4-Ig treatment successfully maintained long-term graft acceptance in the majority of recipients that had experienced a rejection crisis, and enabled the acceptance of secondary BALB/c heart grafts transplanted 30 days after the first transplantation. In summary, we conclude that delayed CTLA4-Ig treatment is able to partially halt ongoing T cell-mediated acute rejection. These findings extend the functional efficacy of CTLA4-Ig therapy to effector T cells and provide an explanation for why CTLA4-Ig-based immunosuppression in the clinic successfully maintains long-term graft survival after T cell-mediated rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Young
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Stella H-W Khiew
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jinghui Yang
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.,Department of Organ Transplantation, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Augustin Vannier
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Dengping Yin
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Roger Sciammas
- Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Maria-Luisa Alegre
- Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Anita S Chong
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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de Graav GN, Hesselink DA, Dieterich M, Kraaijeveld R, Verschoor W, Roelen DL, Litjens NHR, Chong AS, Weimar W, Baan CC. Belatacept Does Not Inhibit Follicular T Cell-Dependent B-Cell Differentiation in Kidney Transplantation. Front Immunol 2017; 8:641. [PMID: 28620390 PMCID: PMC5450507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Humoral alloreactivity has been recognized as a common cause of kidney transplant dysfunction. B-cell activation, differentiation, and antibody production are dependent on IL-21+CXCR5+follicular T-helper (Tfh) cells. Here, we studied whether belatacept, an inhibitor of the costimulatory CD28-CD80/86-pathway, interrupts the crosstalk between Tfh- and B-cells more efficiently than the calcineurin inhibitor tacrolimus. The suppressive effects of belatacept and tacrolimus on donor antigen-driven Tfh-B-cell interaction were functionally studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 40 kidney transplant patients randomized to a belatacept- or tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regimen. No significant differences in uncultured cells or donor antigen-stimulated cells were found between belatacept- and tacrolimus-treated patients in the CXCR5+Tfh cell generation and activation (upregulation of PD-1). Belatacept and tacrolimus in vitro minimally inhibited Tfh-cell generation (by ~6-7%) and partially prevented Tfh-cell activation (by ~30-50%). The proportion of IL-21+-activated Tfh-cells was partially decreased by in vitro addition of belatacept or tacrolimus (by ~60%). Baseline expressions and proportions of activated CD86+ B-cells, plasmablasts, and transitional B-cells after donor antigen stimulation did not differ between belatacept- and tacrolimus-treated patients. Donor antigen-driven CD86 upregulation on memory B-cells was not fully prevented by adding belatacept in vitro (~35%), even in supratherapeutic doses. In contrast to tacrolimus, belatacept failed to inhibit donor antigen-driven plasmablast formation (~50% inhibition vs. no inhibition, respectively, p < 0.0001). In summary, donor antigen-driven Tfh-B-cell crosstalk is similar in cells obtained from belatacept- and tacrolimus-treated patients. Belatacept is, however, less potent in vitro than tacrolimus in inhibiting Tfh-cell-dependent plasmablast formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen N de Graav
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Transplantation and Nephrology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dennis A Hesselink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Transplantation and Nephrology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dieterich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Transplantation and Nephrology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rens Kraaijeveld
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Transplantation and Nephrology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wenda Verschoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Transplantation and Nephrology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dave L Roelen
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nicolle H R Litjens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Transplantation and Nephrology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anita S Chong
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Willem Weimar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Transplantation and Nephrology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Transplantation and Nephrology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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Newton AH, Danahy DB, Chan MA, Benedict SH. Timely blockade of ICAM-1.LFA-1 interaction prevents disease onset in a mouse model of emphysema. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:621-9. [PMID: 26098520 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM It is becoming apparent that emphysema is partly driven by self-reactive T cells inducing inflammatory damage. Thus, T cells become targets for therapy similar to other autoimmune diseases. Costimulatory blockade therapy targets disease-specific T cells, rendering them ineffective by blocking a necessary costimulatory event on the T-cell surface. This therapy is tested here in mouse emphysema. MATERIALS & METHODS Peptides representing contact domains of counter receptors LFA-1 and ICAM-1 were used as blockade therapy in elastase-induced emphysema. RESULTS When administered during the first week after disease induction, blockade prevented lung destruction, reduced leukocyte infiltration and inhibited the decrease in T-cell CD4:CD8 ratio, also common in human emphysema. CONCLUSION Costimulatory blockade therapy can affect the progress of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy H Newton
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Present address: Beirne B Carter Center for Immunology Research, Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia, VA, USA
| | - Derek B Danahy
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.,Present address: Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Marcia A Chan
- Division of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology, Children's Mercy Hospitals & Clinics, MO, USA
| | - Stephen H Benedict
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Kitchens WH, Haridas D, Wagener ME, Song M, Kirk AD, Larsen CP, Ford ML. Integrin antagonists prevent costimulatory blockade-resistant transplant rejection by CD8(+) memory T cells. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:69-80. [PMID: 21942986 PMCID: PMC3467016 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The success of belatacept in late-stage clinical trials inaugurates the arrival of a new class of immunosuppressants based on costimulatory blockade, an immunosuppression strategy that disrupts essential signals required for alloreactive T-cell activation. Despite having improved renal function, kidney transplant recipients treated with belatacept experienced increased rates of acute rejection. This finding has renewed focus on costimulatory blockade-resistant rejection and specifically the role of alloreactive memory T cells in mediating this resistance. To study the mechanisms of costimulatory blockade-resistant rejection and enhance the clinical efficacy of costimulatory blockade, we developed an experimental transplant system that models a donor-specific memory CD8(+) T-cell response. After confirming that graft-specific memory T cells mediate costimulatory blockade-resistant rejection, we characterized the role of integrins in this rejection. The resistance of memory T cells to costimulatory blockade was abrogated when costimulatory blockade was coupled with either anti-VLA-4 or anti-LFA-1. Mechanistic studies revealed that in the presence of costimulatory blockade, anti-VLA-4 impaired T-cell trafficking to the graft but not memory T-cell recall effector function, whereas anti-LFA-1 attenuated both trafficking and memory recall effector function. As antagonists against these integrins are clinically approved, these findings may have significant translational potential for future clinical transplant trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - D. Haridas
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - M. E. Wagener
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - M. Song
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - A. D. Kirk
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - C. P. Larsen
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - M. L. Ford
- Emory Transplant Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,Corresponding Author: Mandy L. Ford Mailing Address: 101 Woodruff Circle, WMRB 5105; Atlanta, GA 30322 Phone: 404-727-2900 Fax: 404-727-3660
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