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Zhuo X, Wang YZ, Yeung KS, Zhu J, Huang XS, Parcella KE, Eastman KJ, Kadow JF, Meanwell NA, Shu YZ, Johnson BM. Bioactivation of cyclopropyl rings by P450: an observation encountered during the optimisation of a series of hepatitis C virus NS5B inhibitors. Xenobiotica 2017; 48:1215-1226. [PMID: 29182424 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2017.1409915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
1. Due to its unique C-C and C-H bonding properties, conformational preferences and relative hydrophilicity, the cyclopropyl ring has been used as a synthetic building block in drug discovery to modulate potency and drug-like properties. During an effort to discover inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 5B with improved potency and genotype-coverage profiles, the use of a pyrimidinylcyclopropylbenzamide moiety linked to a C6-substituted benzofuran or azabenzofuran core scaffold was explored in an effort to balance antiviral potency and metabolic stability. 2. In vitro metabolism studies of two compounds from this C6-substituted series revealed an NADPH-dependent bioactivation pathway leading to the formation of multiple glutathione (GSH) conjugates. Analysis of these conjugates by LC-MS and NMR demonstrated that the cyclopropyl group was the site of bioactivation. Based on the putative structures and molecular weights of the cyclopropyl-GSH conjugates, a multi-step mechanism was proposed to explain the formation of these metabolites by P450. This mechanism involves hydrogen atom abstraction to form a cyclopropyl radical, followed by a ring opening rearrangement and reaction with GSH. 3. These findings provided important information to the medicinal chemistry team which responded by replacing the cyclopropyl ring with a gem-dimethyl group. Subsequent compounds bearing this feature were shown to avert the bioactivation pathways in question.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoliang Zhuo
- a Departments of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimisation , Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , Wallingford , CT , USA and
| | - Ying-Zi Wang
- a Departments of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimisation , Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , Wallingford , CT , USA and
| | - Kap-Sun Yeung
- b Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies , Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , Wallingford , CT , USA
| | - Juliang Zhu
- b Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies , Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , Wallingford , CT , USA
| | - Xiaohua Stella Huang
- a Departments of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimisation , Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , Wallingford , CT , USA and
| | - Kyle E Parcella
- b Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies , Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , Wallingford , CT , USA
| | - Kyle J Eastman
- b Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies , Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , Wallingford , CT , USA
| | - John F Kadow
- b Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies , Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , Wallingford , CT , USA
| | - Nicholas A Meanwell
- b Discovery Chemistry and Molecular Technologies , Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , Wallingford , CT , USA
| | - Yue-Zhong Shu
- a Departments of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimisation , Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , Wallingford , CT , USA and
| | - Benjamin M Johnson
- a Departments of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimisation , Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , Wallingford , CT , USA and
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Hassam M, Basson AE, Liotta DC, Morris L, van Otterlo WAL, Pelly SC. Novel Cyclopropyl-Indole Derivatives as HIV Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2012; 3:470-5. [PMID: 24900496 DOI: 10.1021/ml3000462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The HIV pandemic represents one of the most serious diseases to face mankind in both a social and economic context, with many developing nations being the worst afflicted. Due to ongoing resistance issues associated with the disease, the design and synthesis of anti-HIV agents presents a constant challenge for medicinal chemists. Utilizing molecular modeling, we have designed a series of novel cyclopropyl indole derivatives as HIV non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and carried out their preparation. These compounds facilitate a double hydrogen bonding interaction to Lys101 and efficiently occupy the hydrophobic pockets in the regions of Tyr181/188 and Val179. Several of these compounds inhibited HIV replication as effectively as nevirapine when tested in a phenotypic assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Hassam
- Department
of Chemistry and
Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Adriaan E. Basson
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Dennis C. Liotta
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States
| | - Lynn Morris
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Willem A. L. van Otterlo
- Department
of Chemistry and
Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Stephen C. Pelly
- Department
of Chemistry and
Polymer Science, Stellenbosch University, Western Cape, South Africa
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3
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Rueda L, Castellote I, Castro-Pichel J, Chaparro MJ, de la Rosa JC, Garcia-Perez A, Gordo M, Jimenez-Diaz MB, Kessler A, Macdonald SJ, Martinez MS, Sanz LM, Gamo FJ, Fernandez E. Cyclopropyl Carboxamides: A New Oral Antimalarial Series Derived from the Tres Cantos Anti-Malarial Set (TCAMS). ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:840-4. [PMID: 24900273 DOI: 10.1021/ml2001517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid triaging of three series of related hits selected from the Tres Cantos Anti-Malarial Set (TCAMS) are described. A triazolopyrimidine series was deprioritized due to delayed inhibition of parasite growth. A lactic acid series has derivatives with IC50 < 500 nM in a standard Plasmodium falciparum in vitro whole cell assay (Pf assay) but shows half-lives of < 30 min in both human and murine microsomes. Compound 19, from a series of cyclopropyl carboxamides, is a highly potent in vitro inhibitor of P. falciparum (IC50 = 3 nM) and has an oral bioavailability of 55% in CD-1 mice and an ED90 of 20 mg/kg after oral dosing in a nonmyelo-depleted P. falciparum murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Rueda
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Isabel Castellote
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Julia Castro-Pichel
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Maria J. Chaparro
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos de la Rosa
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Perez
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Mariola Gordo
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Maria Belen Jimenez-Diaz
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Albane Kessler
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Simon J.F. Macdonald
- Medicines for Malaria Venture, ICC, Route de Pre-Bois, PO Box 1826, 1215 Geneva 15, Switzerland
| | - Maria Santos Martinez
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Laura M. Sanz
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Gamo
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
| | - Esther Fernandez
- Tres Cantos Medicines Development Campus, Diseases of the Developing World (DDW), GlaxoSmithKline, Severo Ochoa 2, 28760 Tres Cantos, Spain
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