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Pardo-Melgarejo S, Rodríguez-Maciel JC, Pineda S, Lagunes-Tejeda Á, Guzmán-Franco AW, Silva-Aguayo G, Ramírez-Sánchez AK. Thirty-minute test to detect insecticide resistance under field conditions: the case of the Asian citrus psyllid. Pest Management Science 2023; 79:3159-3166. [PMID: 37013915 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is one of the most destructive citrus pests worldwide. It is controlled mainly through applications of conventional insecticides. Methodologies used to estimate resistance to insecticides do not correlate with field efficacy, and do not provide timely and reliable information to make decisions at a site where spraying is needed. The use of diagnostic doses with 30-min exposure is proposed for estimating the resistance of D. citri to imidacloprid, spinosad, malathion and chlorpyrifos at the orchard level. RESULTS Under laboratory conditions, we estimated the lowest doses that caused 100% mortality within 30 min of exposure (diagnostic dose) in a susceptible D. citri colony. The diagnostic doses for imidacloprid, spinosad, malathion and chlorpyrifos were 7.4, 4.2, 1.0 and 5.5 mg a.i. L-1 , respectively. Under field conditions, we applied the diagnostic doses to D. citri feeding on Citrus aurantifolia Swingle at five localities in Michoacan state, Mexico (Nueva Italia, Santo Domingo, El Varal, Gambara and El Ceñidor). Additionally, the field efficacy of these insecticides against these populations was evaluated. A significant correlation between field efficacy and mortality was observed with the diagnostic doses for imidacloprid, malathion and chlorpyrifos (R2 ≥ 0.93). The correlation for spinosad could not be estimated because the mortality caused by the diagnostic dose and its field efficacy at all study sites was consistently >98%. CONCLUSIONS Field efficacy and resistance were estimated based on the field diagnostic doses with 30-min exposure for all tested insecticides. Consequently, growers and pest management technicians can estimate the performance of the evaluated insecticides at the orchard level and before insecticide application. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Pardo-Melgarejo
- Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales Agrícolas y Pecuarias, CIRPAC, Campo Experimental Valle de Apatzingán, Antúnez, Mexico
| | | | - Samuel Pineda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Tarímbaro, Mexico
| | - Ángel Lagunes-Tejeda
- Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
| | - Ariel W Guzmán-Franco
- Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
| | | | - Ana Karen Ramírez-Sánchez
- Posgrado en Fitosanidad-Entomología y Acarología, Colegio de Postgraduados Campus Montecillo, Texcoco, Mexico
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Haziqah-Rashid A, Chen CD, Lau KW, Low VL, Sofian-Azirun M, Suana IW, Harmonis H, Syahputra E, Razak A, Chin AC, Azidah AA. Monitoring Insecticide Resistance Profiles of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the Sunda Islands of Indonesia Based on Diagnostic Doses of Larvicides. J Med Entomol 2019; 56:514-518. [PMID: 30462258 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjy208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to monitor the susceptibility status of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) larvae in the Sunda Islands of Indonesia against various organophosphates and organochlorines. Larval bioassay was performed in accordance with the World Health Organization standard protocol. Field-collected and reference strains of Ae. aegypti larvae were tested against diagnostic doses of eight larvicides belonging to organophosphates and organochlorines, namely bromophos (0.050 mg/liter), chlopyrifos (0.002 mg/liter), fenitrothion (0.020 mg/liter), fenthion (0.025 mg/liter), malathion (0.125 mg/liter), temephos (0.012 mg/liter), DDT (0.012 mg/liter), and dieldrin (0.025 mg/liter). Mortality rates of larvae were recorded at 24-h posttreatment. This study showed that Ae. aegypti larvae from Padang, Samarinda, Manggarai Barat, and South Central Timor were susceptible to both fenitrothion and dieldrin (mortality rates ≥ 98%). About 6 out of 10 field strains of Ae. aegypti larvae were resistant (<80% mortality rates) against fenthion, whereas Ae. aegypti larvae from Kuningan, Samarinda, Sumba, and South Central Timor exhibited some degrees of resistance (mortality rates 80-98%). All field-collected Ae. aegypti larvae were resistant against diagnostic doses of chlorpyrifos, malathion, temephos, and DDT with mortality rates ranging from 0 to 74.67%. Continued insecticide susceptibility studies are essential to identify the efficacy of insecticides for an improved dengue vector control and to delay the development of insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Haziqah-Rashid
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C D Chen
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K W Lau
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - V L Low
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - M Sofian-Azirun
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I W Suana
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Mataram, Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia
| | - H Harmonis
- Faculty of Forestry, Mulawarman University, Jl. Ki Hajar Dewantara, Kampus Gunung Kelua, Samarinda, Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia
| | - E Syahputra
- Faculty of Agriculture, Tanjungpura University, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hadari Nawawi, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia
| | - A Razak
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Padang State University, Jl. Prof. Dr. Hamka, Kampus Air Tawar, Padang, Sumatera Barat, Indonesia
| | - A C Chin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - A A Azidah
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Rahim J, Ahmad AH, Ahmad H, Ishak IH, Rus AC, Maimusa HA. Adulticidal Susceptibility Evaluation of Aedes albopictus Using New Diagnostic Doses in Penang Island, Malaysia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2017; 33:200-208. [PMID: 28854111 DOI: 10.2987/16-6607r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide-based vector control approaches are facing challenges due to the development of resistance in vector mosquitoes. Therefore, a proper resistance surveillance program using baseline lethal concentrations is crucial for resistance management strategies. Currently, the World Health Organization's (WHO) diagnostic doses established for Aedes aegypti and Anopheles species are being used to study the resistance status of Aedes albopictus. In this study, we established the diagnostic doses for permethrin, deltamethrin, and malathion using a known susceptible reference strain. Five field-collected populations were screened against these doses, following the WHO protocol. This study established the diagnostic dose of malathion at 2.4%, permethrin at 0.95%, and deltamethrin at 0.28%, which differ from the WHO doses for Aedes aegypti and Anopheles spp. Among the insecticides tested on the 5 wild populations, only deltamethrin showed high effectiveness. Different susceptibility and resistance patterns were observed with permethrin, malathion, and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) at 4%. This study may assist the health authorities to improve future chemical-based vector control operations in dengue-endemic areas.
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Rahim J, Ahmad AH, Kassim NFA, Ahmad H, Ishak IH, Rus AC, Maimusa HA. Revised Discriminating Lethal Doses For Resistance Monitoring Program on Aedes albopictus Against Temephos and Malathion in Penang Island, Malaysia. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2016; 32:210-216. [PMID: 27802400 DOI: 10.2987/16-6556.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dengue vector control still heavily relies on the use of chemical insecticides, and the widespread use of insecticides has led to resistance in mosquitoes. The diagnostic dose is a key part of resistance monitoring. The present study corroborates the discriminating lethal doses of temephos and malathion based on dose-response of known susceptible strain of Aedes albopictus following the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic test procedure. Late 3rd and early 4th instars were tested with a range of larvicides to determine the lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC99) values. A slightly higher diagnostic dose of 0.020 mg/liter as compared with the WHO-established value of 0.012 mg/liter was observed for temephos. Meanwhile, a malathion diagnostic dose of 0.200 mg/liter is also reported here since there are no such reported values by WHO. Doubling the LC99 values of susceptible strains, 3 of the 5 wild-collected populations showed resistance to temephos and 2 showed incipient resistance; all 5 populations showed incipient resistance to malathion. The revised and established lethal diagnostic dose findings from the current work are crucial to elaborate on the variation in susceptibility of Ae. albopictus in future resistance monitoring programs in Malaysia.
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Thanispong K, Sathantriphop S, Malaithong N, Bangs MJ, Chareonviriyaphap T. Establishment of Diagnostic Doses of Five Pyrethroids for Monitoring Physiological Resistance in Aedes Albopictus in Thailand. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2015; 31:346-352. [PMID: 26675456 DOI: 10.2987/moco-31-04-346-352.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring insecticide resistance of Aedes albopictus is required for implementing effective dengue and chikungunya vector control in Thailand. The World Health Organization standard susceptibility test for adult mosquitoes was used to determine the baseline susceptibility of a pyrethroid-susceptible laboratory strain of Ae. albopictus to 5 different pyrethroids (deltamethrin, permethrin, bifenthrin, cypermethrin, and α-cypermethrin). Subsequently, the respective established diagnostic doses (0.026% deltamethrin, 1.024% permethrin, 0.570% bifenthrin, 0.237% cypermethrin, and 0.035% α-cypermethrin) were used to test field-collected Ae. albopictus from Rayong, Koh Chang, and Pong Nom Ron. As expected, the laboratory strain was completely susceptible to all pyrethroid insecticides at the established concentrations. Rayong mosquitoes were found to be highly susceptible to bifenthrin, cypermethrin, and α-cypermethrin. Koh Chang mosquitoes were susceptible to only deltamethrin and permethrin. Pong Nom Ron mosquitoes were resistant to all pyrethroids tested. Routine assessment of these baseline results should guide future resistance monitoring to pyrethroid insecticides in Ae. albopictus in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanutcharee Thanispong
- 1 Bureau of Vector-Borne Diseases, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Sunaiyana Sathantriphop
- 2 National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand
| | - Naritsara Malaithong
- 3 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
| | - Michael J Bangs
- 3 Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
- 4 Public Health & Malaria Control Department, International SOS, Kuala Kencana, Papua, 99920, Indonesia
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