1
|
Zou J, Liang G, Zhang F, Zhang S, Davey K, Guo Z. Revisiting the Role of Discharge Products in Li-CO 2 Batteries. Adv Mater 2023:e2210671. [PMID: 37171977 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable lithium-carbon dioxide (Li-CO2 ) batteries are promising devices for CO2 recycling and energy storage. However, thermodynamically stable and electrically insulating discharge products (DPs) (e.g., Li2 CO3 ) deposited at cathodes require rigorous conditions for completed decomposition, resulting in large recharge polarization and poor battery reversibility. Although progress has been achieved in cathode design and electrolyte optimization, the significance of DPs is generally underestimated. Therefore, it is necessary to revisit the role of DPs in Li-CO2 batteries to boost overall battery performance. Here, a critical and systematic review of DPs in Li-CO2 batteries is reported for the first time. Fundamentals of reactions for formation and decomposition of DPs are appraised; impacts on battery performance including overpotential, capacity, and stability are demonstrated; and the necessity of discharge product management is highlighted. Practical in situ/operando technologies are assessed to characterize reaction intermediates and the corresponding DPs for mechanism investigation. Additionally, achievable control measures to boost the decomposition of DPs are evidenced to provide battery design principles and improve the battery performance. Findings from this work will deepen the understanding of electrochemistry of Li-CO2 batteries and promote practical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinshuo Zou
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Gemeng Liang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Fangli Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
- Institute for Superconducting & Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia
| | - Shilin Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Kenneth Davey
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| | - Zaiping Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, 5005, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu T, Zhao S, Xiong Q, Yu J, Wang J, Huang G, Ni M, Zhang X. Reversible Discharge Products in Li-Air Batteries. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2208925. [PMID: 36502282 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-air (Li-air) batteries stand out among the post-Li-ion batteries due to their high energy density, which has rapidly progressed in the past years. Regarding the fundamental mechanism of Li-air batteries that discharge products produced and decomposed during charging and recharging progress, the reversibility of products closely affects the battery performance. Along with the upsurge of the mainstream discharge products lithium peroxide, with devoted efforts to screening electrolytes, constructing high-efficiency cathodes, and optimizing anodes, much progress is made in the fundamental understanding and performance. However, the limited advancement is insufficient. In this case, the investigations of other discharge products, including lithium hydroxide, lithium superoxide, lithium oxide, and lithium carbonate, emerge and bring breakthroughs for the Li-air battery technologies. To deepen the understanding of the electrochemical reactions and conversions of discharge products in the battery, recent advances in the various discharge products, mainly focusing on the growth and decomposition mechanisms and the determining factors are systematically reviewed. The perspectives for Li-air batteries on the fundamental development of discharge products and future applications are also provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Building Energy Research Group, Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Siyuan Zhao
- Building Energy Research Group, Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jie Yu
- Building Energy Research Group, Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jian Wang
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Gang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Meng Ni
- Building Energy Research Group, Department of Building and Real Estate, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lian Z, Lu Y, Wang C, Zhu X, Ma S, Li Z, Liu Q, Zang S. Single-Atom Ru Implanted on Co 3 O 4 Nanosheets as Efficient Dual-Catalyst for Li-CO 2 Batteries. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2102550. [PMID: 34672110 PMCID: PMC8655220 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Li-CO2 battery has attracted extensive attention and research due to its super high theoretical energy density and its ability to fix greenhouse gas CO2 . However, the slow reaction kinetics during discharge/charge seriously limits its development. Hence, a simple cation exchange strategy is developed to introduce Ru atoms onto a Co3 O4 nanosheet array grown on carbon cloth (SA Ru-Co3 O4 /CC) to prepare a single atom site catalyst (SASC) and successfully used in Li-CO2 battery. Li-CO2 batteries based on SA Ru-Co3 O4 /CC cathode exhibit enhanced electrochemical performances including low overpotential, ultra high capacity, and long cycle life. Density functional theory calculations reveal that single atom Ru as the driving force center can significantly enhance the intrinsic affinity for key intermediates, thus enhancing the reaction kinetics of CO2 reduction reaction in Li-CO2 batteries, and ultimately optimizing the growth pathway of discharge products. In addition, the Bader charge analysis indicates that Ru atoms as electron-deficient centers can enhance the catalytic activity of SA Ru-Co3 O4 /CC cathode for the CO2 evolution reaction. It is believed that this work has important implications for the development of new SASCs and the design of efficient catalyst for Li-CO2 batteries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lian
- College of ChemistryInstitute of Green CatalysisZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Youcai Lu
- College of ChemistryInstitute of Green CatalysisZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Chunzhi Wang
- College of ChemistryInstitute of Green CatalysisZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Zhu
- College of ChemistryInstitute of Green CatalysisZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Ma
- College of ChemistryInstitute of Green CatalysisZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- College of ChemistryInstitute of Green CatalysisZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Qingchao Liu
- College of ChemistryInstitute of Green CatalysisZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| | - Shuangquan Zang
- College of ChemistryInstitute of Green CatalysisZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou450001P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Didar BR, Yashina L, Groß A. First-Principles Study of the Surfaces and Equilibrium Shape of Discharge Products in Li-Air Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:24984-24994. [PMID: 34009936 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c05863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Li-air batteries are a promising alternative to Li-ion batteries as they theoretically provide the highest possible specific energy density. Mainly, Li2O2 (lithium peroxide) and to a lesser extent, Li2O (lithium oxide) are assumed to be the discharge products of these batteries formed with the soluble LiO2 (lithium superoxide) considered to be an intermediate product. Bulk Li2O2 is an electronic insulator, and the precipitation of this compound on the cathode is thought to be the main limiting factor in achieving high capacities in lithium-oxygen cells. For the most promising electrolytes including solvents with high donor numbers, microscopy observations frequently reveal crystallite morphologies of Li2O2 compounds, rather than uniform layers covering the electrode surface. The precise morphologies of Li2O and Li2O2 particles, and their effect and their extent of contact with the electrode, which may all affect the capacity and rechargeability, however, remain largely undetermined. Here, we address the stability of various Li2O and Li2O2 surfaces and consequently, their crystallite morphologies using density functional theory calculations and ab initio thermodynamics. In contrast to previous studies, we also consider high-index surface terminations, which exhibit surprisingly low surface energies. We carefully analyze the reasons for the stability of these high-index surfaces, which also prominently influence the equilibrium shape of the particles, at least for Li2O2, and discuss the consequences for the observed morphology of the reaction products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lada Yashina
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu M, Kim JY, Park H, Kim DY, Cho KM, Lim E, Chae OB, Choi S, Kang Y, Kim J, Jung HT. Understanding Reaction Pathways in High Dielectric Electrolytes Using β-Mo 2C as a Catalyst for Li-CO 2 Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:32633-32641. [PMID: 32584023 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The rechargeable Li-CO2 battery has attracted considerable attention in recent years because of its carbon dioxide (CO2) utilization and because it represents a practical Li-air battery. As with other battery systems such as the Li-ion, Li-O2, and Li-S battery systems, understanding the reaction pathway is the first step to achieving high battery performance because the performance is strongly affected by reaction intermediates. Despite intensive efforts in this area, the effect of material parameters (e.g., the electrolyte, the cathode, and the catalyst) on the reaction pathway in Li-CO2 batteries is not yet fully understood. Here, we show for the first time that the discharge reaction pathway of a Li-CO2 battery composed of graphene nanoplatelets/beta phase of molybdenum carbide (GNPs/β-Mo2C) is strongly influenced by the dielectric constant of its electrolyte. Calculations using the continuum solvents model show that the energy of adsorption of oxalate (C2O42-) onto Mo2C under the low-dielectric electrolyte tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether is lower than that under the high-dielectric electrolyte N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA), indicating that the electrolyte plays a critical role in determining the reaction pathway. The experimental results show that under the high-dielectric DMA electrolyte, the formation of lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) as a discharge product is favorable because of the instability of the oxalate species, confirming that the dielectric properties of the electrolyte play an important role in the formation of the discharge product. The resulting Li-CO2 battery exhibits improved battery performance, including a reduced overpotential and a remarkable discharge capacity as high as 14,000 mA h g-1 because of its lower internal resistance. We believe that this work provides insights for the design of Li-CO2 batteries with enhanced performance for practical Li-air battery applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihye Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Institute for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Ju Ye Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Institute for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hyunsoo Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Do Youb Kim
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Kyeong Min Cho
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Institute for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Eunsoo Lim
- Chemical Analysis Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Oh B Chae
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Sungho Choi
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
| | - Yongku Kang
- Advanced Materials Division, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Korea
- Department of Chemical Convergence Materials, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-gu, Dajeon 34113, Korea
- KU-KRICT Collaborative Research Center & Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Korea University, Seoul 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihan Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Hee-Tae Jung
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 Plus), Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Institute for Nanocentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xing Y, Yang Y, Chen R, Luo M, Chen N, Ye Y, Qian J, Li L, Wu F, Guo S. Strongly Coupled Carbon Nanosheets/Molybdenum Carbide Nanocluster Hollow Nanospheres for High-Performance Aprotic Li-O 2 Battery. Small 2018; 14:e1704366. [PMID: 29655281 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201704366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A highly efficient oxygen electrode is indispensable for achieving high-performance aprotic lithium-O2 batteries. Herein, it is demonstrated that strongly coupled carbon nanosheets/molybdenum carbide (α-MoC1-x ) nanocluster hierarchical hybrid hollow spheres (denoted as MoC1-x /HSC) can work well as cathode for boosting the performance of lithium-O2 batteries. The important feature of MoC1-x /HSC is that the α-MoC1-x nanoclusters, uniformly incorporated into carbon nanosheets, can not only effectively prevent the nanoclusters from agglomeration, but also help enhance the interaction between the nanoclusters and the conductive substrate during the charge and discharge process. As a consequence, the MoC1-x /HSC shows significantly improved electrocatalytic performance in an aprotic Li-O2 battery with greatly reduced charge and discharge overpotentials and long cycle stability. The ex situ scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies reveal that the mechanism for the high-performance Li-O2 battery using MoC1-x /HSC as cathode is that the incorporated molybdenum carbide nanoclusters can make oxygen reduction on their surfaces easy, and finally form amorphous film-like Li-deficient Li2 O2 with the ability to decompose at a low potential. To the best of knowledge, the MoC1-x /HSC of this paper is among the best cathode materials for lithium-O2 batteries reported to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Mingchuan Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yusheng Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ji Qian
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Feng Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Electric Vehicles in Beijing, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Shaojun Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- BIC-ESAT, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| |
Collapse
|