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Aubele A, He Y, Kraus T, Li N, Mena-Osteritz E, Weitz P, Heumüller T, Zhang K, Brabec CJ, Bäuerle P. Molecular Oligothiophene-Fullerene Dyad Reaching Over 5% Efficiency in Single-Material Organic Solar Cells. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2103573. [PMID: 34463391 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A novel donor-acceptor dyad, 4, in which the conjugated oligothiophene donor is covalently connected to fullerene PC71 BM by a flexible alkyl ester linker, is synthesized and applied as photoactive layer in solution-processed single-material organic solar cells (SMOSCs). Excellent photovoltaic performance, including a high short-circuit current density (JSC ) of 13.56 mA cm-2 , is achieved, leading to a power conversion efficiency of 5.34% in an inverted cell architecture, which is substantially increased compared to other molecular single materials. Furthermore, dyad 4-based SMOSCs display excellent stability maintaining 96% of the initial performance after 750 h (one month) of continuous illumination and operation under simulated AM 1.5G irradiation. These results will strengthen the rational molecular design to further develop SMOSCs for potential industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Aubele
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Yakun He
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Straße 6, 91052, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Teresa Kraus
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elena Mena-Osteritz
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Paul Weitz
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Heumüller
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Kaicheng Zhang
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstrasse 7, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg (HI ERN), Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter Bäuerle
- Institute of Organic Chemistry II and Advanced Materials, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Bold K, Stolte M, Shoyama K, Holzapfel M, Schmiedel A, Lambert C, Würthner F. Macrocyclic Donor-Acceptor Dyads Composed of a Perylene Bisimide Dye Surrounded by Oligothiophene Bridges. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113598. [PMID: 34669254 PMCID: PMC9299635 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Two macrocyclic architectures comprising oligothiophene strands that connect the imide positions of a perylene bisimide (PBI) dye have been synthesized via a platinum‐mediated cross‐coupling strategy. The crystal structure of the double bridged PBI reveals all syn‐arranged thiophene units that completely enclose the planar PBI chromophore via a 12‐membered macrocycle. The target structures were characterized by steady‐state UV/Vis absorption, fluorescence and transient absorption spectroscopy, as well as cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry. Both donor–acceptor dyads show ultrafast Förster Resonance Energy Transfer and photoinduced electron transfer, thereby leading to extremely low fluorescence quantum yields even in the lowest polarity cyclohexane solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Bold
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Stolte
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marco Holzapfel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmiedel
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Frank Würthner
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.,Center for Nanosystems Chemistry (CNC), Universität Würzburg, Theodor-Boveri-Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
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Zhong H, Hong Z, Yang C, Li L, Xu Y, Wang X, Wang R. A Covalent Triazine-Based Framework Consisting of Donor-Acceptor Dyads for Visible-Light-Driven Photocatalytic CO 2 Reduction. ChemSusChem 2019; 12:4493-4499. [PMID: 31379104 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 into value-added chemical fuels is a promising approach to address the depletion of fossil energy and environment-related concerns. Tailor-making the electronic properties and band structures of photocatalysts is pivotal to improve their efficiency and selectivity in photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Herein, a covalent triazine-based framework was developed containing electron-donor triphenylamine and electron-acceptor triazine components (DA-CTF). The engineered π-conjugated electron donor-acceptor dyads in DA-CTF not only optimized the optical bandgap but also contributed to visible-light harvesting and migration of photoexcited charge carriers. The activity of photocatalytic CO2 reduction under visible light was significantly improved compared with that of traditional g-C3 N4 and reported covalent triazine-based frameworks. This study provides molecular-level insights into the mechanism of photocatalytic CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350007, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zixiao Hong
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian, 361021, P.R. China
| | - Can Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Liuyi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350007, Fuzhou, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Yangsen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350007, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xinchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Photocatalysis on Energy and Environment, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, P.R. China
| | - Ruihu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 350007, Fuzhou, P.R. China
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Wang Y, Hong M, Bailey TS, Chen EYX. Brush Polymer of Donor-Accepter Dyads via Adduct Formation between Lewis Base Polymer Donor and All Carbon Lewis Acid Acceptor. Molecules 2017; 22:E1564. [PMID: 28927009 PMCID: PMC6151805 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22091564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A synthetic method that taps into the facile Lewis base (LB)→Lewis acid (LA) adduct forming reaction between the semiconducting polymeric LB and all carbon LA C60 for the construction of covalently linked donor-acceptor dyads and brush polymer of dyads is reported. The polymeric LB is built on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) macromers containing either an alkyl or vinyl imidazolium end group that can be readily converted into the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) LB site, while the brush polymer architecture is conveniently constructed via radical polymerization of the macromer P3HT with the vinyl imidazolium chain end. Simply mixing of such donor polymeric LB with C60 rapidly creates linked P3HT-C60 dyads and brush polymer of dyads in which C60 is covalently linked to the NHC junction connecting the vinyl polymer main chain and the brush P3HT side chains. Thermal behaviors, electronic absorption and emission properties of the resulting P3HT-C60 dyads and brush polymer of dyads have been investigated. The results show that a change of the topology of the P3HT-C60 dyad from linear to brush architecture enhances the crystallinity and Tm of the P3HT domain and, along with other findings, they indicate that the brush polymer architecture of donor-acceptor domains provides a promising approach to improve performances of polymer-based solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA.
- School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Miao Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Travis S Bailey
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1370, USA.
| | - Eugene Y-X Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA.
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Schwarz D, Kochergin YS, Acharjya A, Ichangi A, Opanasenko MV, Čejka J, Lappan U, Arki P, He J, Schmidt J, Nachtigall P, Thomas A, Tarábek J, Bojdys MJ. Tailored Band Gaps in Sulfur- and Nitrogen-Containing Porous Donor-Acceptor Polymers. Chemistry 2017; 23:13023-13027. [PMID: 28727178 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor dyads hold the key to tuning of electrochemical properties and enhanced mobility of charge carriers, yet their incorporation into a heterogeneous polymer network proves difficulty owing to the fundamentally different chemistry of the donor and acceptor subunits. A family of sulfur- and nitrogen-containing porous polymers (SNPs) are obtained via Sonogashira-Hagihara cross-coupling and combine electron-withdrawing triazine (C3 N3 ) and electron-donating, sulfur-containing linkers. Choice of building blocks and synthetic conditions determines the optical band gap (from 1.67 to 2.58 eV) and nanoscale ordering of these microporous materials with BET surface areas of up to 545 m2 g-1 and CO2 capacities up to 1.56 mmol g-1 . Our results highlight the advantages of the modular design of SNPs, and one of the highest photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rates for a cross-linked polymer without Pt co-catalyst is attained (194 μmol h-1 g-1 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Schwarz
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Yaroslav S Kochergin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Amitava Acharjya
- Department of Functional Materials, Technical University Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Arun Ichangi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Maksym V Opanasenko
- Heyrovsky Institute for Physical Chemistry, Academy of Science Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Čejka
- Heyrovsky Institute for Physical Chemistry, Academy of Science Czech Republic, Dolejškova 3, 182 23, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Uwe Lappan
- Leibniz-Institut fuer Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Pal Arki
- Technical University Bergakademie Freiberg, Gustav Zeuner Str. 3, 09599, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Junjie He
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Johannes Schmidt
- Department of Functional Materials, Technical University Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Petr Nachtigall
- Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Functional Materials, Technical University Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ján Tarábek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Michael J Bojdys
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Charles University, Hlavova 8, 128 43, Prague 2, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the CAS, Flemingovo nam. 2, 166 10, Prague 6, Czech Republic
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