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Hammerschlag N, McDonnell LH, Rider MJ, Street GM, Hazen EL, Natanson LJ, McCandless CT, Boudreau MR, Gallagher AJ, Pinsky ML, Kirtman B. Ocean warming alters the distributional range, migratory timing, and spatial protections of an apex predator, the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier). Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:1990-2005. [PMID: 35023247 PMCID: PMC9305416 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Given climate change threats to ecosystems, it is critical to understand the responses of species to warming. This is especially important in the case of apex predators since they exhibit relatively high extinction risk, and changes to their distribution could impact predator-prey interactions that can initiate trophic cascades. Here we used a combined analysis of animal tracking, remotely sensed environmental data, habitat modeling, and capture data to evaluate the effects of climate variability and change on the distributional range and migratory phenology of an ectothermic apex predator, the tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier). Tiger sharks satellite tracked in the western North Atlantic between 2010 and 2019 revealed significant annual variability in the geographic extent and timing of their migrations to northern latitudes from ocean warming. Specifically, tiger shark migrations have extended farther poleward and arrival times to northern latitudes have occurred earlier in the year during periods with anomalously high sea-surface temperatures. A complementary analysis of nearly 40 years of tiger shark captures in the region revealed decadal-scale changes in the distribution and timing of shark captures in parallel with long-term ocean warming. Specifically, areas of highest catch densities have progressively increased poleward and catches have occurred earlier in the year off the North American shelf. During periods of anomalously high sea-surface temperatures, movements of tracked sharks shifted beyond spatial management zones that had been affording them protection from commercial fishing and bycatch. Taken together, these study results have implications for fisheries management, human-wildlife conflict, and ecosystem functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Hammerschlag
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA
- Leonard & Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and PolicyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - Laura H. McDonnell
- Leonard & Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and PolicyUniversity of MiamiCoral GablesFloridaUSA
| | - Mitchell J. Rider
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Garrett M. Street
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and AquacultureMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMississippiUSA
- Quantitative Ecology and Spatial Technologies LaboratoryMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMississippiUSA
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Environmental Research DivisionNOAA Southwest Fisheries Science CenterMontereyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lisa J. Natanson
- National Marine Fisheries ServiceNarragansett LaboratoryNOAA Northeast Fisheries Science CenterNarragansettRhode IslandUSA
| | - Camilla T. McCandless
- National Marine Fisheries ServiceNarragansett LaboratoryNOAA Northeast Fisheries Science CenterNarragansettRhode IslandUSA
| | - Melanie R. Boudreau
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and AquacultureMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMississippiUSA
- Quantitative Ecology and Spatial Technologies LaboratoryMississippi State UniversityStarkvilleMississippiUSA
| | | | - Malin L. Pinsky
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural ResourcesRutgers, The State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Ben Kirtman
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of MiamiMiamiFloridaUSA
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Koplitz SN, Nolte CG, Sabo RD, Clark CM, Horn KJ, Thomas RQ, Newcomer-Johnson TA. The contribution of wildland fire emissions to deposition in the U S: implications for tree growth and survival in the Northwest. Environ Res Lett 2021; 16:10.1088/1748-9326/abd26e. [PMID: 33747119 PMCID: PMC7970516 DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/abd26e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ecosystems require access to key nutrients like nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) to sustain growth and healthy function. However, excessive deposition can also damage ecosystems through nutrient imbalances, leading to changes in productivity and shifts in ecosystem structure. While wildland fires are a known source of atmospheric N and S, little has been done to examine the implications of wildland fire deposition for vulnerable ecosystems. We combine wildland fire emission estimates, atmospheric chemistry modeling, and forest inventory data to (a) quantify the contribution of wildland fire emissions to N and S deposition across the U S, and (b) assess the subsequent impacts on tree growth and survival rates in areas where impacts are likely meaningful based on the relative contribution of fire to total deposition. We estimate that wildland fires contributed 0.2 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and 0.04 kg S ha-1 yr-1 on average across the U S during 2008-2012, with maxima up to 1.4 kg N ha-1 yr-1 and 0.6 kg S ha-1 yr-1 in the Northwest representing over ~30% of total deposition in some areas. Based on these fluxes, exceedances of S critical loads as a result of wildland fires are minimal, but exceedances for N may affect the survival and growth rates of 16 tree species across 4.2 million hectares, with the most concentrated impacts occurring in Oregon, northern California, and Idaho. Understanding the broader environmental impacts of wildland fires in the U S will inform future decision making related to both fire management and ecosystem services conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Koplitz
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
- Current address: Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Christopher G Nolte
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States of America
| | - Robert D Sabo
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US EPA, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Christopher M Clark
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, US EPA, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kevin J Horn
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - R Quinn Thomas
- Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
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Karatayev AY, Burlakova LE, Mehler K, Barbiero RP, Hinchey EK, Collingsworth PD, Kovalenko KE, Warren G. Life after Dreissena: The decline of exotic suspension feeder may have significant impacts on lake ecosystems. J Great Lakes Res 2018; 44:650-659. [PMID: 30505066 PMCID: PMC6262842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jglr.2018.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
It is well documented that the introduction of dreissenid bivalves in eutrophic lakes is usually associated with decreases in turbidity and total phosphorus concentrations in the water column, concomitant increases in water clarity, as well as other physical changes to habitat that may have cascading effects on other species in the invaded waterbody. In contrast, there is a paucity of data on the ecological ramifications of the elimination or decline of dreissenids due to pollution, bottom hypoxia, or other mechanisms. Using data collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Great Lakes National Program Office's Long-Term Biology and Water Quality Monitoring Programs, we analyzed the impacts of the hypoxia-induced declines in Dreissena densities in the central basin of Lake Erie on major water chemistry and physical parameters. Our analysis revealed that the decline in Dreissena density in the central basin was concomitant with a decrease in spring dissolved silica concentrations and an increase in total phosphorus and near bottom turbidity not seen in the western or eastern basins. In contrast, opposite patterns in water quality were observed in the eastern basin, which was characterized by a high and relatively stable Dreissena population. We are the first to report that dreissenid-related shifts in water quality of invaded waterbodies are reversible by documenting that the sharp decline of Dreissena in the central basin of Lake Erie was concomitant with a shift from clear to turbid water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Y Karatayev
- Great Lakes Center, SUNY Buffalo State, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA, , 716-878-4504, 716-878-4614, , , ,
| | - Lyubov E Burlakova
- Great Lakes Center, SUNY Buffalo State, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA, , 716-878-4504, 716-878-4614, , , ,
| | - Knut Mehler
- Great Lakes Center, SUNY Buffalo State, 1300 Elmwood Avenue, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA, , 716-878-4504, 716-878-4614, , , ,
| | | | - Elizabeth K Hinchey
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes National Program Office, Chicago, IL, USA, , 312-886-2405, ;
| | - Paris D Collingsworth
- Illinois-Indiana Sea Grant and Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, 195 Marsteller Street, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA, ,
| | - Katya E Kovalenko
- Natural Resources Research Institute, University of Minnesota-Duluth, 5013 Miller Trunk Highway, Duluth, MN 55811, USA, , ,
| | - Glenn Warren
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Great Lakes National Program Office, Chicago, IL, USA, , 312-886-2405, ;
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4
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Bruintjes R, Harding HR, Bunce T, Birch F, Lister J, Spiga I, Benson T, Rossington K, Jones D, Tyler CR, Radford AN, Simpson SD. Shipbuilding Docks as Experimental Systems for Realistic Assessments of Anthropogenic Stressors on Marine Organisms. Bioscience 2017; 67:853-859. [PMID: 29599545 PMCID: PMC5862249 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/bix092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical investigations of the impacts of anthropogenic stressors on marine organisms are typically performed under controlled laboratory conditions, onshore mesocosms, or via offshore experiments with realistic (but uncontrolled) environmental variation. These approaches have merits, but onshore setups are generally small sized and fail to recreate natural stressor fields, whereas offshore studies are often compromised by confounding factors. We suggest the use of flooded shipbuilding docks to allow studying realistic exposure to stressors and their impacts on the intra- and interspecific responses of animals. Shipbuilding docks permit the careful study of groups of known animals, including the evaluation of their behavioral interactions, while enabling full control of the stressor and many environmental conditions. We propose that this approach could be used for assessing the impacts of prominent anthropogenic stressors, including chemicals, ocean warming, and sound. Results from shipbuilding-dock studies could allow improved parameterization of predictive models relating to the environmental risks and population consequences of anthropogenic stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Bruintjes
- Rick Bruintjes , Fiona Birch, Jessica Lister, Charles R. Tyler, and Stephen D. Simpson are affiliated with the Department of Biosciences in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Exeter, in the United Kingdom. RB, Tom Benson, Kate Rossington, and Diane Jones are affiliated with HR Wallingford, in Wallingford, United Kingdom. Harry R. Harding, Tom Bunce, and Andrew N. Radford are with the School of Biological Science at the University of Bristol, in the United Kingdom; HRH is also affiliated with Marine Scotland, in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Ilaria Spiga is with the School of Marine Science and Technology at the University of Newcastle, in the United Kingdom
| | - Harry R Harding
- Rick Bruintjes , Fiona Birch, Jessica Lister, Charles R. Tyler, and Stephen D. Simpson are affiliated with the Department of Biosciences in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Exeter, in the United Kingdom. RB, Tom Benson, Kate Rossington, and Diane Jones are affiliated with HR Wallingford, in Wallingford, United Kingdom. Harry R. Harding, Tom Bunce, and Andrew N. Radford are with the School of Biological Science at the University of Bristol, in the United Kingdom; HRH is also affiliated with Marine Scotland, in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Ilaria Spiga is with the School of Marine Science and Technology at the University of Newcastle, in the United Kingdom
| | - Tom Bunce
- Rick Bruintjes , Fiona Birch, Jessica Lister, Charles R. Tyler, and Stephen D. Simpson are affiliated with the Department of Biosciences in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Exeter, in the United Kingdom. RB, Tom Benson, Kate Rossington, and Diane Jones are affiliated with HR Wallingford, in Wallingford, United Kingdom. Harry R. Harding, Tom Bunce, and Andrew N. Radford are with the School of Biological Science at the University of Bristol, in the United Kingdom; HRH is also affiliated with Marine Scotland, in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Ilaria Spiga is with the School of Marine Science and Technology at the University of Newcastle, in the United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Birch
- Rick Bruintjes , Fiona Birch, Jessica Lister, Charles R. Tyler, and Stephen D. Simpson are affiliated with the Department of Biosciences in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Exeter, in the United Kingdom. RB, Tom Benson, Kate Rossington, and Diane Jones are affiliated with HR Wallingford, in Wallingford, United Kingdom. Harry R. Harding, Tom Bunce, and Andrew N. Radford are with the School of Biological Science at the University of Bristol, in the United Kingdom; HRH is also affiliated with Marine Scotland, in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Ilaria Spiga is with the School of Marine Science and Technology at the University of Newcastle, in the United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Lister
- Rick Bruintjes , Fiona Birch, Jessica Lister, Charles R. Tyler, and Stephen D. Simpson are affiliated with the Department of Biosciences in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Exeter, in the United Kingdom. RB, Tom Benson, Kate Rossington, and Diane Jones are affiliated with HR Wallingford, in Wallingford, United Kingdom. Harry R. Harding, Tom Bunce, and Andrew N. Radford are with the School of Biological Science at the University of Bristol, in the United Kingdom; HRH is also affiliated with Marine Scotland, in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Ilaria Spiga is with the School of Marine Science and Technology at the University of Newcastle, in the United Kingdom
| | - Ilaria Spiga
- Rick Bruintjes , Fiona Birch, Jessica Lister, Charles R. Tyler, and Stephen D. Simpson are affiliated with the Department of Biosciences in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Exeter, in the United Kingdom. RB, Tom Benson, Kate Rossington, and Diane Jones are affiliated with HR Wallingford, in Wallingford, United Kingdom. Harry R. Harding, Tom Bunce, and Andrew N. Radford are with the School of Biological Science at the University of Bristol, in the United Kingdom; HRH is also affiliated with Marine Scotland, in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Ilaria Spiga is with the School of Marine Science and Technology at the University of Newcastle, in the United Kingdom
| | - Tom Benson
- Rick Bruintjes , Fiona Birch, Jessica Lister, Charles R. Tyler, and Stephen D. Simpson are affiliated with the Department of Biosciences in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Exeter, in the United Kingdom. RB, Tom Benson, Kate Rossington, and Diane Jones are affiliated with HR Wallingford, in Wallingford, United Kingdom. Harry R. Harding, Tom Bunce, and Andrew N. Radford are with the School of Biological Science at the University of Bristol, in the United Kingdom; HRH is also affiliated with Marine Scotland, in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Ilaria Spiga is with the School of Marine Science and Technology at the University of Newcastle, in the United Kingdom
| | - Kate Rossington
- Rick Bruintjes , Fiona Birch, Jessica Lister, Charles R. Tyler, and Stephen D. Simpson are affiliated with the Department of Biosciences in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Exeter, in the United Kingdom. RB, Tom Benson, Kate Rossington, and Diane Jones are affiliated with HR Wallingford, in Wallingford, United Kingdom. Harry R. Harding, Tom Bunce, and Andrew N. Radford are with the School of Biological Science at the University of Bristol, in the United Kingdom; HRH is also affiliated with Marine Scotland, in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Ilaria Spiga is with the School of Marine Science and Technology at the University of Newcastle, in the United Kingdom
| | - Diane Jones
- Rick Bruintjes , Fiona Birch, Jessica Lister, Charles R. Tyler, and Stephen D. Simpson are affiliated with the Department of Biosciences in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Exeter, in the United Kingdom. RB, Tom Benson, Kate Rossington, and Diane Jones are affiliated with HR Wallingford, in Wallingford, United Kingdom. Harry R. Harding, Tom Bunce, and Andrew N. Radford are with the School of Biological Science at the University of Bristol, in the United Kingdom; HRH is also affiliated with Marine Scotland, in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Ilaria Spiga is with the School of Marine Science and Technology at the University of Newcastle, in the United Kingdom
| | - Charles R Tyler
- Rick Bruintjes , Fiona Birch, Jessica Lister, Charles R. Tyler, and Stephen D. Simpson are affiliated with the Department of Biosciences in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Exeter, in the United Kingdom. RB, Tom Benson, Kate Rossington, and Diane Jones are affiliated with HR Wallingford, in Wallingford, United Kingdom. Harry R. Harding, Tom Bunce, and Andrew N. Radford are with the School of Biological Science at the University of Bristol, in the United Kingdom; HRH is also affiliated with Marine Scotland, in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Ilaria Spiga is with the School of Marine Science and Technology at the University of Newcastle, in the United Kingdom
| | - Andrew N Radford
- Rick Bruintjes , Fiona Birch, Jessica Lister, Charles R. Tyler, and Stephen D. Simpson are affiliated with the Department of Biosciences in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Exeter, in the United Kingdom. RB, Tom Benson, Kate Rossington, and Diane Jones are affiliated with HR Wallingford, in Wallingford, United Kingdom. Harry R. Harding, Tom Bunce, and Andrew N. Radford are with the School of Biological Science at the University of Bristol, in the United Kingdom; HRH is also affiliated with Marine Scotland, in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Ilaria Spiga is with the School of Marine Science and Technology at the University of Newcastle, in the United Kingdom
| | - Stephen D Simpson
- Rick Bruintjes , Fiona Birch, Jessica Lister, Charles R. Tyler, and Stephen D. Simpson are affiliated with the Department of Biosciences in the College of Life and Environmental Sciences at the University of Exeter, in the United Kingdom. RB, Tom Benson, Kate Rossington, and Diane Jones are affiliated with HR Wallingford, in Wallingford, United Kingdom. Harry R. Harding, Tom Bunce, and Andrew N. Radford are with the School of Biological Science at the University of Bristol, in the United Kingdom; HRH is also affiliated with Marine Scotland, in Aberdeen, United Kingdom. Ilaria Spiga is with the School of Marine Science and Technology at the University of Newcastle, in the United Kingdom
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5
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Vergés A, Steinberg PD, Hay ME, Poore AGB, Campbell AH, Ballesteros E, Heck KL, Booth DJ, Coleman MA, Feary DA, Figueira W, Langlois T, Marzinelli EM, Mizerek T, Mumby PJ, Nakamura Y, Roughan M, van Sebille E, Gupta AS, Smale DA, Tomas F, Wernberg T, Wilson SK. The tropicalization of temperate marine ecosystems: climate-mediated changes in herbivory and community phase shifts. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 281:20140846. [PMID: 25009065 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate-driven changes in biotic interactions can profoundly alter ecological communities, particularly when they impact foundation species. In marine systems, changes in herbivory and the consequent loss of dominant habitat forming species can result in dramatic community phase shifts, such as from coral to macroalgal dominance when tropical fish herbivory decreases, and from algal forests to 'barrens' when temperate urchin grazing increases. Here, we propose a novel phase-shift away from macroalgal dominance caused by tropical herbivores extending their range into temperate regions. We argue that this phase shift is facilitated by poleward-flowing boundary currents that are creating ocean warming hotspots around the globe, enabling the range expansion of tropical species and increasing their grazing rates in temperate areas. Overgrazing of temperate macroalgae by tropical herbivorous fishes has already occurred in Japan and the Mediterranean. Emerging evidence suggests similar phenomena are occurring in other temperate regions, with increasing occurrence of tropical fishes on temperate reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Technical University, Singapore 637551, Republic of Singapore
| | - Mark E Hay
- School of Biology and Aquatic Chemical Ecology Center, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Alistair G B Poore
- Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Alexandra H Campbell
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Evolution and Ecology Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Enric Ballesteros
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes-CSIC, Blanes, Girona 17300, Spain
| | - Kenneth L Heck
- Dauphin Island Sea Laboratory and University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688-0002, USA
| | - David J Booth
- Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia School of the Environment, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- Department of Primary Industries, NSW Fisheries, PO Box 4321, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales 2450, Australia
| | - David A Feary
- Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia School of the Environment, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Will Figueira
- Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia School of Biological Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Tim Langlois
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Toni Mizerek
- Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Peter J Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yohei Nakamura
- Graduate School of Kuroshio Science, Kochi University, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Moninya Roughan
- School of Mathematics, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia Sydney Institute of Marine Sciences, Chowder Bay Road, Mosman, New South Wales 2088, Australia
| | - Erik van Sebille
- Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Alex Sen Gupta
- Climate Change Research Centre and ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Dan A Smale
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK
| | - Fiona Tomas
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados (CSIC-UIB), Esporles, Illes Balears 07190, Spain Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803, USA
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Shaun K Wilson
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife, Kensington, Western Australia 6151, Australia
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Cowling E, Galloway J, Furiness C, Barber M, Bresser T, Cassman K, Erisman JW, Haeuber R, Howarth R, Melillo J, Moomaw W, Mosier A, Sanders K, Seitzinger S, Smeulders S, Socolow R, Walters D, West F, Zhu Z. Optimizing nitrogen management in food and energy production and environmental protection: summary statement from the Second International Nitrogen Conference. ScientificWorldJournal 2001; 1 Suppl 2:1-9. [PMID: 12805732 PMCID: PMC6084057 DOI: 10.1100/tsw.2001.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human efforts to produce food and energy are changing the nitrogen (N) cycle of the Earth. Many of these changes are highly beneficial for humans, while others are detrimental to people and the environment. These changes transcend scientific disciplines, geographical boundaries, and political structures. They challenge the creative minds of natural and social scientists, economists, engineers, business leaders, and decision makers. The Second International Nitrogen Conference was designed to facilitate communications among all stakeholders in the "nitrogen community" of the world. The Conference participants" goal in the years and decades ahead is to encourage every country to make optimal choices about N management in food production and consumption, energy production and use, and environmental protection. Scientific findings and recommendations for decision makers that emerged from the Conference are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Cowling
- North Carolina State University, College of Natural Resources, Ralegh, NC 27606, USA.
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