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Abraham J, Abimbola T, Braida WJ, Terracciano A, Su TL, Christodoulatos C, Koutsospyros A, RoyChowdhury A, Smolinski B, Lawal A. On-Site Pilot-Scale Microalgae Cultivation Using Industrial Wastewater for Bioenergy Production: A Case Study towards Circular Bioeconomy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1339. [PMID: 38135931 PMCID: PMC10740855 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10121339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This case study assesses the valorization of industrial wastewater streams for bioenergy generation in an industrial munition facility. On-site pilot-scale demonstrations were performed to investigate the feasibility of algal growth in the target wastewater on a larger outdoor scale. An exploratory field study followed by an optimized one were carried out using two 1000 L open raceway ponds deployed within a greenhouse at an industrial munition facility. An online system allowed for constant monitoring of operational parameters such as temperature, pH, light intensity, and dissolved oxygen within the ponds. The original algal seed evolved into an open-air resilient consortium of green microalgae and cyanobacteria that were identified and characterized successfully. Weekly measurements of the level of nutrients in pond liquors were performed along with the determination of the algal biomass to quantitatively evaluate growth yields. After harvesting algae from the ponds, the biomass was concentrated and evaluated for oil content and biochemical methane potential (BMP) to provide an estimate of the algae-based energy production. Additionally, the correlation among biomass, culturing conditions, oil content, and BMP was evaluated. The higher average areal biomass productivity achieved during the summer months was 23.9 ± 0.9 g/m2d, with a BMP of 350 scc/gVS. An oil content of 22 wt.% was observed during operation under low nitrogen loads. Furthermore, a technoeconomic analysis and life cycle assessment demonstrated the viability of the proposed wastewater valorization scenario and aided in optimizing process performance towards further scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Abraham
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (W.J.B.); (A.T.); (T.-L.S.); (C.C.); (A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Tobi Abimbola
- New Jersey Center for MiFantao Kongcrochemical Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA (A.L.)
| | - Washington J. Braida
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (W.J.B.); (A.T.); (T.-L.S.); (C.C.); (A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Amalia Terracciano
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (W.J.B.); (A.T.); (T.-L.S.); (C.C.); (A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Tsan-Liang Su
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (W.J.B.); (A.T.); (T.-L.S.); (C.C.); (A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Christos Christodoulatos
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (W.J.B.); (A.T.); (T.-L.S.); (C.C.); (A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Agamemnon Koutsospyros
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (W.J.B.); (A.T.); (T.-L.S.); (C.C.); (A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Abhishek RoyChowdhury
- Center for Environmental Systems, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA; (W.J.B.); (A.T.); (T.-L.S.); (C.C.); (A.K.); (A.R.)
| | - Benjamin Smolinski
- Combat Capabilities Development Command—Armaments Center (DEVCOM—AC), Picatinny Arsenal, Dover, NJ 07806, USA;
| | - Adeniyi Lawal
- New Jersey Center for MiFantao Kongcrochemical Systems, Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA (A.L.)
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da Silva Ramos JGV, Leon FDA, Michelon LK, Kreutz C, Carvalho KQD, Passig FH. Recovery of methane dissolved in the effluent of a novel upflow anaerobic hybrid reactor (UAHB) submitted to temperature variation. Environ Technol 2023; 44:57-67. [PMID: 34330187 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1963323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies point out losses of 30-40% of the produced methane in the effluent of anaerobic reactors treating sewage, reducing the renewable energy potential and the environmental footprint. A novel bench-scale upflow anaerobic hybrid (UAHB) reactor combining a sludge blanket at the bottom and a filter media at the top, both with three-phase separators, was proposed to evaluate the recovery of dissolved methane. UAHB was operated with volumetric organic loading rate of 1.24 kg COD m-3 d-1 and hydraulic retention time of 8 h for 218 days to evaluate the influence of temperature (18°C, 23°C, and 28°C) in the methane dissolved in the effluent and collected from three-phase separators. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS) removals efficiencies remained constant during the operation and equal to 90 and 95%, respectively, related to the activity of biomass retained in the filter media. Temperature increase influenced more the methane production in the sludge blanket rather than in the upper bed. The volume of recovered methane increased about 20% with the installation of the support media and the upper three-phase separator (3PHS). The loss of methane dissolved in the effluent was strongly influenced by the temperature, and higher with the decrease of this parameter. Non-statistically significant correlations were observed between the temperature and the methane production in the upper bed (p-value = 0.0943) and total (p-value = 0.0930). Thus, it can be concluded that the evaluated temperatures did not influence the global efficiency and the total methane yield of the UAHB reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda de Almeida Leon
- Chemistry and Biology Academic Department, The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Kozak Michelon
- Environmental Sciences and Technology Graduate Program, The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Kreutz
- Environmental Academic Department, The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Campo Mourão, Brazil
| | - Karina Querne de Carvalho
- Civil Construction Academic Department, The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Fernando Hermes Passig
- Chemistry and Biology Academic Department, The Federal University of Technology - Paraná (UTFPR), Curitiba, Brazil
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Laosena R, Palamanit A, Luengchavanon M, Kittijaruwattana J, Nakason C, Lee SH, Chotikhun A. Characterization of Mixed Pellets Made from Rubberwood ( Hevea brasiliensis) and Refuse-Derived Fuel (RDF) Waste as Pellet Fuel. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15093093. [PMID: 35591428 PMCID: PMC9101332 DOI: 10.3390/ma15093093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the production and properties of mixed pellets made from rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg) and refuse-derived fuel (RDF) waste with no added binder. Three different conditions of mixed pellets were developed to compare their chemical and physical properties to rubberwood pellets. The produced samples were subjected to both ultimate and proximate analyses. The contents of C, H, N, S, and Cl significantly increased with the increasing amount of refuse-derived fuel in the samples, resulting in reduction of the volatile matter. The mechanical durability of the pellet samples ranged between an average value of 98 and 99%. Mixed pellets containing 50% of rubberwood and 50% of refuse-derived fuel have improved heating values by 22.21% compared to rubberwood pellets. Moreover, mixed pellets having 50% of wood and 50% of refuse-derived fuel had the highest density and the highest energy compared to the other samples. Based on the findings of this study, it appears that the manufactured mixed pellets have the potential to be used as high-energy fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattikal Laosena
- Energy Technology Program, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand;
| | - Arkom Palamanit
- Energy Technology Program, Department of Specialized Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand;
| | - Montri Luengchavanon
- Center of Excellence in Metal and Materials Engineering (CEMME), Sustainable Energy Management Program, Wind Energy and Energy Storage Centre (WEESYC), Faculty of Environmental Management, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai 90110, Songkhla, Thailand;
| | - Jitralada Kittijaruwattana
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Mueang, Surat Thani 84000, Surat Thani, Thailand; (J.K.); (C.N.)
| | - Charoen Nakason
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Mueang, Surat Thani 84000, Surat Thani, Thailand; (J.K.); (C.N.)
| | - Seng Hua Lee
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Aujchariya Chotikhun
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Surat Thani Campus, Mueang, Surat Thani 84000, Surat Thani, Thailand; (J.K.); (C.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
This work presents a mathematical model for the localization of multiple species of diffusion molecules on membrane surfaces. Morphological change of bilayer membrane in vivo is generally modulated by proteins. Most of these modulations are associated with the localization of related proteins in the crowded lipid environments. We start with the energetic description of the distributions of molecules on curved membrane surface, and define the spontaneous curvature of bilayer membrane as a function of the molecule concentrations on membrane surfaces. A drift-diffusion equation governs the gradient flow of the surface molecule concentrations. We recast the energetic formulation and the related governing equations by using an Eulerian phase field description to define membrane morphology. Computational simulations with the proposed mathematical model and related numerical techniques predict (i) the molecular localization on static membrane surfaces at locations with preferred mean curvatures, and (ii) the generation of preferred mean curvature which in turn drives the molecular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mikucki
- Department of Applied Mathematics & Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, 80401-1887
| | - Y C Zhou
- Department of Mathematics, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, 80523-1874
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Green HJ, Ranney D, Burnett M, Galvin P, Kyle N, Lounsbury D, Ouyang J, Smith IC, Stewart R, Tick H, Tupling AR. Preliminary observations on high energy phosphates and metabolic pathway and transporter potentials in extensor carpi radialis brevis and trapezius muscles of women with work-related myalgia. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 92:953-60. [PMID: 25358071 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This study compared both the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) and the trapezius (TRAP) muscles of women with work-related myalgia (WRM) with healthy controls (CON) to determine whether abnormalities existed in cellular energy status and the potentials of the various metabolic pathways and segments involved in energy production and substrate transport. For both the ECRB (CON, n = 6-9; WRM, n = 13) and the TRAP (CON, n = 6-7; WRM, n = 10), no differences (P > 0.05) were found for the concentrations (in millimoles per kilogram of dry mass) of ATP, PCr, lactate, and glycogen. Similarly, with one exception, the maximal activities (in moles per milligram of protein per hour) of mitochondrial enzymes representative of the citric acid cycle (CAC), the electron transport chain (ETC), and β-oxidation, as well as the cytosolic enzymes involved in high energy phosphate transfer, glycogenolysis, glycolysis, lactate oxidation, and glucose phosphorylation were not different (P > 0.05). The glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4, and the monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4, were also normal in WRM. It is concluded that, in general, abnormalities in the resting energy and substrate state, the potential of the different metabolic pathways and segments, as well as the glucose and monocarboxylate transporters do not appear to be involved in the cellular pathophysiology of WRM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Howard J Green
- a Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
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