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Guo S, Koketsu T, Hu Z, Zhou J, Kuo CY, Lin HJ, Chen CT, Strasser P, Sui L, Xie Y, Ma J. Mo-Incorporated Magnetite Fe 3 O 4 Featuring Cationic Vacancies Enabling Fast Lithium Intercalation for Batteries. Small 2022; 18:e2203835. [PMID: 36058653 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal oxides (TMOs) as high-capacity electrodes have several drawbacks owing to their inherent poor electronic conductivity and structural instability during the multi-electron conversion reaction process. In this study, the authors use an intrinsic high-valent cation substitution approach to stabilize cation-deficient magnetite (Fe3 O4 ) and overcome the abovementioned issues. Herein, 5 at% of Mo4+ -ions are incorporated into the spinel structure to substitute octahedral Fe3+ -ions, featuring ≈1.7 at% cationic vacancies in the octahedral sites. This defective Fe2.93 ▫0.017 Mo0.053 O4 electrode shows significant improvements in the mitigation of capacity fade and the promotion of rate performance as compared to the pristine Fe3 O4 . Furthermore, physical-electrochemical analyses and theoretical calculations are performed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. In Fe2.93 ▫0.017 Mo0.053 O4 , the cationic vacancies provide active sites for storing Li+ and vacancy-mediated Li+ migration paths with lower energy barriers. The enlarged lattice and improved electronic conductivity induced by larger doped-Mo4+ yield this defective oxide capable of fast lithium intercalation. This is confirmed by a combined characterization including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) and density functional theory (DFT) calculation. This study provides a valuable strategy of vacancy-mediated reaction to intrinsically modulate the defective structure in TMOs for high-performance lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Toshinari Koketsu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nöthnitzer Strasse 40, 01187, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jing Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai, 201800, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Yang Kuo
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Ji Lin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Peter Strasser
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Berlin, 10623, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lijun Sui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xie
- International Center for Computational Method and Software & State Key Laboratory for Superhard Materials & Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries (Ministry of Education), College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jiwei Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for R&D and Application of Metallic Functional Materials, Institute of New Energy for Vehicles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, P. R. China
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