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LaFleur M, Rasoanaivo HA, Andrianarivo TH, Andrianomanana FR, McKernan S, Raherison MS, Andrianantenaina R, Miller M, Ratsimbazafy J, Lapierre SG, Ranaivomanana P, Rakotosamimanana N. Tuberculosis in Lemurs and a Fossa at National Zoo, Madagascar, 2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2587-2589. [PMID: 37987598 PMCID: PMC10683818 DOI: 10.3201/eid2912.231159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We diagnosed Mycobacterium tuberculosis in captive lemurs and a fossa in Antananarivo, Madagascar. We noted clinical signs in the animals and found characteristic lesions during necropsy. The source of infection remains unknown. Our results illustrate the potential for reverse zoonotic infections and intraspecies transmission of tuberculosis in captive wildlife.
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Hellmund C, Hepp P, Steinke H. The subpopliteal fat body. Ann Anat 2022; 245:151995. [PMID: 36182003 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2022.151995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The knee is likely to get hurt due to its excessive weight-bearing, for which it is surrounded by strongly tensioned ligaments, connectives and muscles. These highly active structures are imbedded in fatty tissue. The Fatty and loose connective tissue of the knee recently gained a renaissance in research. While the Hoffa fat body in the ventral knee attracted attention over the last years, we have investigated a smaller, dorsal fat body, ventral to the popliteus muscle. This fat body has not been described before. MATERIALS AND METHODS 11 knees of 11 fresh specimens were investigated. All muscles but the popliteus muscle were removed. The popliteus was released from its tibial origin and dissected towards its tendinous insertion. Thereby, a subpopliteal fat body (SFB) was shown. The related vessels and nerves were evaluated. The size of the body was measured. Examples of histological slices were stained with HE and immunostained against neurofilament. RESULTS The SFB lies ventral of the popliteus muscle at the concave posterior tibia and attaches to the periosteum and the popliteus muscle. It is not attached to the posterior cruciate ligament. It is separated from the subpopliteal recess by a lamella deriving from the fibular head. Arterial and venous vessels are seen entering the SFB, deriving from the popliteal artery or the anterior tibial artery. A subbranch of the tibial nerve was seen to reach the SFB. The SFB could be identified in MRI scans and in plastinations. DISCUSSION Primarily, the SFB provides a gliding space for the mobile part of the popliteus muscle over the tibia. The SFB lies within the tibial concavity, ventral to the popliteus muscle. This is exactly where embryologically, the popliteal artery passes through, before its involution in later stages. Therefore, the SFB may show the former perivascular autonomic nerves which encompass the embryologically created arteries, from which we have seen the arterial remnants. The nerves seen here form neurovascular bundles which could be a source of pain, when compressed. This anatomy may explain the autonomic component of pain in the deep lateral region of the knee. The SFB is functional fat, comparable to the Hoffa's fat pad in the ventral knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Hellmund
- Institut für Anatomie, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig.
| | - Pierre Hepp
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Orthopädie, Unfallchirurgie und Plastische Chirurgie.
| | - Hanno Steinke
- Institut für Anatomie, Universität Leipzig, Liebigstr. 13, 04103 Leipzig.
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Abstract
The mandibular anterior lingual depression is an uncommon anatomical variant. It is difficult to be detected in conventional 2D plain radiographs representing a diagnostic challenge. In this report, we describe a patient who presented to the dental clinic for the extraction of impacted third molars. Upon cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination of the mandible, it was incidentally noted that he had bilateral anterior lingual depressions in his mandible. The presence of anterior lingual depressions is uncommon and to be found bilateral is rare. This bone topography represents a challenge for the oral surgeon during implant placement with an increased risk of complications. The incidental finding was documented in the patient's dental record for future implications in case an implant placement was needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ra'ed Al-Sadhan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
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Tabeian H, Betti BF, Dos Santos Cirqueira C, de Vries TJ, Lobbezoo F, Ter Linde AV, Zandieh-Doulabi B, Koenders MI, Everts V, Bakker AD. IL-1β Damages Fibrocartilage and Upregulates MMP-13 Expression in Fibrochondrocytes in the Condyle of the Temporomandibular Joint. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092260. [PMID: 31067826 PMCID: PMC6539937 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), which differs anatomically and biochemically from hyaline cartilage-covered joints, is an under-recognized joint in arthritic disease, even though TMJ damage can have deleterious effects on physical appearance, pain and function. Here, we analyzed the effect of IL-1β, a cytokine highly expressed in arthritic joints, on TMJ fibrocartilage-derived cells, and we investigated the modulatory effect of mechanical loading on IL-1β-induced expression of catabolic enzymes. TMJ cartilage degradation was analyzed in 8–11-week-old mice deficient for IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA−/−) and wild-type controls. Cells were isolated from the juvenile porcine condyle, fossa, and disc, grown in agarose gels, and subjected to IL-1β (0.1–10 ng/mL) for 6 or 24 h. Expression of catabolic enzymes (ADAMTS and MMPs) was quantified by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Porcine condylar cells were stimulated with IL-1β for 12 h with IL-1β, followed by 8 h of 6% dynamic mechanical (tensile) strain, and gene expression of MMPs was quantified. Early signs of condylar cartilage damage were apparent in IL-1RA−/− mice. In porcine cells, IL-1β strongly increased expression of the aggrecanases ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5 by fibrochondrocytes from the fossa (13-fold and 7-fold) and enhanced the number of MMP-13 protein-expressing condylar cells (8-fold). Mechanical loading significantly lowered (3-fold) IL-1β-induced MMP-13 gene expression by condylar fibrochondrocytes. IL-1β induces TMJ condylar cartilage damage, possibly by enhancing MMP-13 production. Mechanical loading reduces IL-1β-induced MMP-13 gene expression, suggesting that mechanical stimuli may prevent cartilage damage of the TMJ in arthritic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hessam Tabeian
- Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Beatriz F Betti
- Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oral Kinesiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Orthodontics, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Teun J de Vries
- Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank Lobbezoo
- Oral Kinesiology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Anouk V Ter Linde
- Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Behrouz Zandieh-Doulabi
- Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Marije I Koenders
- Rheumatology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent Everts
- Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Astrid D Bakker
- Oral Cell Biology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Ratliff C, Sutherland-Smith M. SEASONAL DERMATOPATHY AND CONCURRENT REPRODUCTIVE FINDINGS IN CAPTIVE FOSSA ( CRYPTOPROCTA FEROX). J Zoo Wildl Med 2017; 48:1181-7. [PMID: 29297817 DOI: 10.1638/1042-7260-48.4.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Six female intact fossa ( Cryptoprocta ferox) in the San Diego Zoo collection presented with episodic, seasonal alopecia and variable pruritus between the years 1984 and 2015. Presentation was often accompanied by findings such as prominent palpable uterus or cervix and thickened, enlarged uterus on ultrasound. Dermatologic testing has been consistently nondiagnostic for primary cause of alopecia. Both the alopecia and reproductive findings have a higher occurrence from midspring to midsummer. Hormonal changes associated with reproductive activity are proposed as a possible explanation for the dermal clinical signs seen in these six fossas.
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Orlandi E, Rossi C, Perino A, Cucinella G, Orlandi F. Prospective sonographic detection of spina bifida at 11-14 weeks and systematic literature review. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:2363-7. [PMID: 26381234 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1085967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To conduct a literature review to assess the effectiveness of first trimester ultrasonographic markers of spina bifida (SB) integrating data with our prospective experience. METHODS The analysis of the SB cases that we prospectively detected in the first trimester, between January 2012 and February 2014, and a systematic review of all the papers evaluating the effectiveness of SB ultrasonographic markers at 11-14 weeks, namely brain stem diameter (BS), fourth ventricle/intracranial translucency (IT), cisterna magna (CM), brain stem/occipital bone distance (BSOB), the ratio between BS and BSOB. Some studies assess only the effectiveness of IT, others include more parameters, and few include them all. RESULTS We prospectively detected four SB cases, three open (OSB) and one closed (CSB), in a low risk population undergoing first trimester screening. In the three OSB, CM (in 2/3 cases) and BSOB (3/3) distance were below the 5th percentile, BS and BS/BSOB ratio (3/3) were above the 95th percentile. In the CSB, all the measurements were within normal limits. CONCLUSION The literature and our data agree that most fetuses with OSB demonstrate in the first trimester positive sonographic markers in the posterior fossa, but additional prospective studies are needed to establish the best protocol for OSB screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Orlandi
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Palermo and Hospital "V.Cervello" , Palermo , Italy and
| | - Cinzia Rossi
- b Center for Prenatal Diagnosis , Palermo , Italy
| | - Antonio Perino
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Palermo and Hospital "V.Cervello" , Palermo , Italy and
| | - Gaspare Cucinella
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , University of Palermo and Hospital "V.Cervello" , Palermo , Italy and
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Abstract
Background: Posterior fossa meningiomas are 20% of all intracranial meningiomas. These are slow-growing tumors thus become large before presentation. Microsurgical resection is the treatment of choice for the majority of these lesions, but variable locations, large size at diagnosis, frequent encroachment of neural and vascular structures, and their potentially invasive behavior are some of the features of these tumors that make their resection challenging. Materials and Methods: We studied 64 cases of posterior fossa meningioma operated in last 6 years, and analysed the technical difficulties encountered during excision of these tumors. Postoperative complications and outcomes of these patients were also analysed. Results: Gross total excision was achieved in 72% cases. Partial excision or subtotal excision was more in petroclival, jugular foramen with extra cranial extension, tentorial with intrasinus extension and ventral foramen magnum. Postoperative complication in form of new or aggravation of existing neurological deficit was found in 33% cases and CSF leak in 12.5% cases. We encountered the recurrence of total 10 cases (16%) over mean follow-up of 4 years. Most of the recurrent cases were seen in petroclival and tentorial subgroups with partial or subtotal excision. Conclusion: Posterior fossa meningiomas are difficult to excise due to close relation to cranial nerves and vessels. Use of microscope, CUSA, intraoperative nerve monitor help in removal and preserving surrounding important anatomical structures. Although neurological deterioration is common postoperatively, recovery does occur completely after total removal thus increasing the recurrence free period and improving the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vernon Velho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Grant Medical College and Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Yu DC, Friedland BD, Karimbux NY, Guze KA. Supramandibular canal portion superior to the fossa of the submaxillary gland: a tomographic evaluation of the cross-sectional dimension in the molar region. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2012; 15:750-8. [PMID: 22236400 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2011.00429.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Within the fossa of the submaxillary gland (FSG), there is a portion superior to the mandibular canal (SMCP) that can affect implant placement. Our study evaluated this specific portion's prevalence and its average dimensional difference between the first and the second molar regions in a dental implant population. MATERIALS AND METHODS From 112 patients' mandibular cone beam computerized tomography scans, the SMCPs of the FSG's horizontal and vertical dimensions in the first and second molar positions on both sides were digitally measured. RESULTS The SMCP of the FSG is larger in the second molar region than in the first molar region in >90% of cases. Average differences were 2.3 mm horizontally and 2.7 mm vertically. Gender difference and intraindividual's left/right variation were both clinically less significant in magnitude than the difference between the molar regions. Taking the 2-mm safety margin above the mandibular canal into consideration, the SMCP of the FSG remained high in prevalence. CONCLUSIONS The SMCP of the FSG may complicate implant placement more in the second molar region than in the first. Implant planning in the posterior mandibular molar regions should include a SMCP of the FSG evaluation using computer tomography especially in the second molar region.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Yu
- Private practice, San Diego, CA, USA; assistant professor, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Radiology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; associate professor, assistant dean of Dental Education, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; instructor, Division of Periodontology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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