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Delaplace A, Coulis M, Chapillon L, Cottin G, Tixier P. Stop me if you can: quantification of the effect of interfaces between plots on the dispersal of Cosmopolites sordidus. Pest Manag Sci 2023; 79:5106-5115. [PMID: 37565376 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cosmopolites sordidus is one of the most damaging pests of banana worldwide. To date, most studies have addressed the control of this pest at the plot level, without considering the landscape scale, whereas between plots dispersion could be important. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of C. sordidus to cross contrasted field interfaces. The 10 following interfaces were investigated: forests, hedgerows, field tracks, grassy areas, finely and coarsely tilled soil zones, ditches with and without water, vegetable gardening zones, and pheromone trap lines. Individually marked weevils were released on one side of the interface and recovered daily on the other side, allowing the estimation of the velocity and the crossing success of C. sordidus for each interface. RESULTS Highest permeabilities (with a crossing success above 70%) were obtained for vegetable gardening zones, finely tilled soil zones, forests, and coarsely tilled soil zones. Intermediate permeabilities were measured for hedgerows, field tracks, grassy areas, and ditches without water. Only the line of pheromone traps and submerged ditches had a strong barrier effect on C. sordidus, with a crossing success below 12%. Wind strength, percentage of sky, and vegetation height were negatively correlated to the C. sordidus crossing success. CONCLUSION Overall, our results showed that only ditches with water and lines of pheromone traps were efficient in stopping the dispersal of C. sordidus. The next step will be to conduct research to incorporate the use of these two interfaces at farm and landscape scale into integrated pest management strategies. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Delaplace
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Le Lamentin, France
- GECO, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- Presta'SCIC, Fort-de-France, France
| | - Mathieu Coulis
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Le Lamentin, France
- GECO, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Laure Chapillon
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Le Lamentin, France
- GECO, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Philippe Tixier
- GECO, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
- CIRAD, UPR GECO, Montpellier, France
- UPR GECO, CIRAD, Vientiane, Lao People's Democratic Republic
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Salat-Moltó A, Caballero-López B, Pérez-Hidalgo N, Michelena JM, Ferrer Suay M, Guerrieri E, Blanco-Moreno JM. Not All Field Margins Are Equally Useful: Effects of the Vegetation Structure of Margins on Cereal Aphids and Their Natural Enemies. Insects 2023; 14:156. [PMID: 36835725 PMCID: PMC9961275 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Differences in the semi-natural vegetation of field margins will affect the biological control services derived from the presence of these semi-natural habitats adjacent to fields. Of the plant functional traits that are most relevant for insects, plant life forms reflect different aspects of plant structure and functioning that can help predict the value of marginal vegetation for arthropods in agricultural systems. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the vegetation structure of field margins on cereal aphids and on some of their natural enemies (parasitoids, hoverflies and ladybugs) in terms of plant life forms. We characterized margin vegetation using the relative cover of each life form and sampled insects in crops along transects parallel to field margins. Our results show that in the studied areas, the abundance of natural enemies was greater near margins dominated by annual plants than in margins dominated by perennial plants. On the other hand, the abundances of aphids and parasitism rates were higher near margins dominated by perennial woody plants than near margins dominated by perennial herbaceous plants. By promoting specific life forms in existing margins, farmers can enhance the conservation biological control and relieve aphid pressure on their crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnès Salat-Moltó
- Agroecology Group, Botany and Mycology Unit, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Berta Caballero-López
- Department of Arthropods, Natural Sciences Museum of Barcelona, Castell Dels Tres Dragons, Av. Picasso, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nicolás Pérez-Hidalgo
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology, C. Catedrático José Beltrán, University of Valencia CSIC, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Michelena
- Department of Entomology and Pest Control, Cavanilles Institute of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, University of Valencia, 46022 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Ferrer Suay
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Valencia, Campus de Burjassot-Paterna, Dr. Moliner 50, Burjassot, 46100 Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilio Guerrieri
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council of Italy, 10135 Turin, Italy
- Department of Life Sciences, the Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - José M. Blanco-Moreno
- Agroecology Group, Botany and Mycology Unit, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat (IRBio), Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Adler LS, Barber NA, Biller OM, Irwin RE. Flowering plant composition shapes pathogen infection intensity and reproduction in bumble bee colonies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11559-11565. [PMID: 32393622 PMCID: PMC7261119 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000074117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogens pose significant threats to pollinator health and food security. Pollinators can transmit diseases during foraging, but the consequences of plant species composition for infection is unknown. In agroecosystems, flowering strips or hedgerows are often used to augment pollinator habitat. We used canola as a focal crop in tents and manipulated flowering strip composition using plant species we had previously shown to result in higher or lower bee infection in short-term trials. We also manipulated initial colony infection to assess impacts on foraging behavior. Flowering strips using high-infection plant species nearly doubled bumble bee colony infection intensity compared to low-infection plant species, with intermediate infection in canola-only tents. Both infection treatment and flowering strips reduced visits to canola, but we saw no evidence that infection treatment shifted foraging preferences. Although high-infection flowering strips increased colony infection intensity, colony reproduction was improved with any flowering strips compared to canola alone. Effects of flowering strips on colony reproduction were explained by nectar availability, but effects of flowering strips on infection intensity were not. Thus, flowering strips benefited colony reproduction by adding floral resources, but certain plant species also come with a risk of increased pathogen infection intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn S Adler
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003;
| | - Nicholas A Barber
- Ecology Program Area, Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182
| | - Olivia M Biller
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Rebecca E Irwin
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
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Díez CM, Moral J, Cabello D, Morello P, Rallo L, Barranco D. Cultivar and Tree Density As Key Factors in the Long-Term Performance of Super High-Density Olive Orchards. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1226. [PMID: 27602035 PMCID: PMC4993835 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Super high-density (SHD) olive orchards are rapidly expanding since the first plantation was set up in Spain in the 1990s. Because there are no long-term studies characterizing these systems, it is unknown if densities above a certain threshold could trigger competition among fully-grown trees, compromising their development. Over 14 years we have evaluated the performance of the major olive cultivars currently planted in SHD systems ("Arbequina," Arbequina IRTA-i·18, "Arbosana," "Fs-17," and "Koroneiki") and nine SHD designs ranging from 780 to 2254 trees ha(-1) for the cultivar "Arbequina." Remarkably, the accumulated fruit and oil production of the five cultivars increased linearly over time. Our data indicated the favorable long-term performance of the evaluated cultivars with an average annual oil production of 2.3 t ha(-1). Only "Fs-17" did not perform well to the SHD system in our conditions and it yielded about half (1.2 t ha(-1)) of the other cultivars. In the density trial for "Arbequina," both fruit and oil accumulated production increased over time as a function of tree density. Thus, the accumulated oil yield ranged from 16.1 t ha(-1) for the lowest density (780 trees ha(-1)) to 29.9 t ha(-1) for the highest (2254 trees ha(-1)). In addition, we note that the accumulated production per surface unit showed a better correlation with the hedgerow length than the tree density. Thus, the current planting designs of SHD olive orchards can be further improved taking this parameter into account. Despite observations that some irregular patterns of crop distribution have arisen, our olive hedgerows are still fully productive after 14 years of planting. This result contradicts previous experiences that showed declines in production 7 or 8 years after planting due to high vigor, shading, and limited ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concepción M. Díez
- Departamento de Agronomía, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
| | - Juan Moral
- Departamento de Agronomía, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
- Department of Plant Pathology, Kearney Agricultural Research and Extension Center, University of California, DavisDavis, CA, USA
| | - Diego Cabello
- Departamento de Agronomía, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
| | - Pablo Morello
- Departamento de Agronomía, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
| | - Luis Rallo
- Departamento de Agronomía, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
| | - Diego Barranco
- Departamento de Agronomía, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Universidad de CórdobaCórdoba, Spain
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Jacobs JH, Clark SJ, Denholm I, Goulson D, Stoate C, Osborne JL. Pollination biology of fruit-bearing hedgerow plants and the role of flower-visiting insects in fruit-set. Ann Bot 2009; 104:1397-404. [PMID: 19770165 PMCID: PMC2778384 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcp236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In the UK, the flowers of fruit-bearing hedgerow plants provide a succession of pollen and nectar for flower-visiting insects for much of the year. The fruits of hedgerow plants are a source of winter food for frugivorous birds on farmland. It is unclear whether recent declines in pollinator populations are likely to threaten fruit-set and hence food supply for birds. The present study investigates the pollination biology of five common hedgerow plants: blackthorn (Prunus spinosa), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna), dog rose (Rosa canina), bramble (Rubus fruticosus) and ivy (Hedera helix). METHODS The requirement for insect pollination was investigated initially by excluding insects from flowers by using mesh bags and comparing immature and mature fruit-set with those of open-pollinated flowers. Those plants that showed a requirement for insect pollination were then tested to compare fruit-set under two additional pollination service scenarios: (1) reduced pollination, with insects excluded from flowers bagged for part of the flowering period, and (2) supplemental pollination, with flowers hand cross-pollinated to test for pollen limitation. KEY RESULTS The proportions of flowers setting fruit in blackthorn, hawthorn and ivy were significantly reduced when insects were excluded from flowers by using mesh bags, whereas fruit-set in bramble and dog rose were unaffected. Restricting the exposure of flowers to pollinators had no significant effect on fruit-set. However, blackthorn and hawthorn were found to be pollen-limited, suggesting that the pollination service was inadequate in the study area. CONCLUSIONS Ensuring strong populations of insect pollinators may be essential to guarantee a winter fruit supply for birds in UK hedgerows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Jacobs
- Plant and Invertebrate Ecology Department, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Herts. AL5 2JQ, UK.
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