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Ferreira SA, Pinto N, Serrenho I, Pato MV, Baltazar G. Contribution of glial cells to the neuroprotective effects triggered by repetitive magnetic stimulation: a systematic review. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:116-123. [PMID: 37488852 PMCID: PMC10479834 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.374140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation has been increasingly studied in different neurological diseases, and although most studies focus on its effects on neuronal cells, the contribution of non-neuronal cells to the improvement triggered by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in these diseases has been increasingly suggested. To systematically review the effects of repetitive magnetic stimulation on non-neuronal cells two online databases, Web of Science and PubMed were searched for the effects of high-frequency-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, low-frequency-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation, intermittent theta-burst stimulation, continuous theta-burst stimulation, or repetitive magnetic stimulation on non-neuronal cells in models of disease and in unlesioned animals or cells. A total of 52 studies were included. The protocol more frequently used was high-frequency-repetitive magnetic stimulation, and in models of disease, most studies report that high-frequency-repetitive magnetic stimulation led to a decrease in astrocyte and microglial reactivity, a decrease in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and an increase of oligodendrocyte proliferation. The trend towards decreased microglial and astrocyte reactivity as well as increased oligodendrocyte proliferation occurred with intermittent theta-burst stimulation and continuous theta-burst stimulation. Few papers analyzed the low-frequency-repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protocol, and the parameters evaluated were restricted to the study of astrocyte reactivity and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reporting the absence of effects on these parameters. In what concerns the use of magnetic stimulation in unlesioned animals or cells, most articles on all four types of stimulation reported a lack of effects. It is also important to point out that the studies were developed mostly in male rodents, not evaluating possible differential effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation between sexes. This systematic review supports that through modulation of glial cells repetitive magnetic stimulation contributes to the neuroprotection or repair in various neurological disease models. However, it should be noted that there are still few articles focusing on the impact of repetitive magnetic stimulation on non-neuronal cells and most studies did not perform in-depth analyses of the effects, emphasizing the need for more studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana A. Ferreira
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Nuno Pinto
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- GRUBI-Systematic Reviews Group, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Inês Serrenho
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Vaz Pato
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- GRUBI-Systematic Reviews Group, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Graça Baltazar
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
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Huang M, Zheng B, Zhou W, Fu H, Chen X, Wu H, Zhang J, Zhou X. High-Frequency Repetitive Magnetic Stimulation at the Sacrum Alleviates Chronic Constipation in Parkinson's Patients. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2023; 26:235-240. [PMID: 37538410 PMCID: PMC10394460 DOI: 10.4103/aian.aian_1001_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of high-frequency repetitive magnetic stimulation (HF-rMS) at the sacrum for chronic constipation in Parkinson's patients (PD). Materials and Methods Eventually 48 PD patients were enrolled from July 2019 to October 2020, and randomly divided into the HF-rMS group (the intervention group, n = 24) and the sham HF-rMS group (the control group, n = 24). The intervention group received HF-rMS at the sacrum, whereas the control group received ineffective magnetic stimulation. We performed clinical evaluation before and after HF-rMS treatment, including constipation score scale (KESS questionnaire), Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III exercise examination), Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage of motor function; simple mental status scale (MMSE), anxiety/depression table (HAD-A/HAD-D), the activity of daily living (ADL), and quality of life scale for patients with constipation (PAC-QOL) to evaluate symptoms and satisfaction of PD patients with chronic constipation. Results There was no significant difference in the clinical characteristics between the two groups. As compared to the control group, the HF-rMS group displayed a larger change (pre and posttreatment) in the KESS scores of PD patients with chronic constipation, suggesting a significant improvement. Moreover, HF-rMS significantly promoted the mood, activity of daily living, and quality of life of PD patients when comparing the alteration of HAD-A/HAD-D scores, ADL scores, and PAC-QOL scores between the two groups. Finally, there was no significant difference in the change of the UPDRS III score and the MMSE score between the two groups. Conclusion HF-rMS at the sacrum can improve chronic constipation in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Nursing Unit, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bofang Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Nursing Unit, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Special Medical Service Center, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wanfei Zhou
- Special Medical Service Center, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huaili Fu
- Special Medical Service Center, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xinrun Chen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical College of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Heyong Wu
- Special Medical Service Center, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Special Medical Service Center, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xianju Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Nursing Unit, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Special Medical Service Center, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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