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Binney BM, Pragert H, Foxwell J, Gias E, Birrell ML, Phiri BJ, Quinn O, Taylor M, Ha HJ, Hall RJ. Genomic analysis of the population structure of Paenibacillus larvae in New Zealand. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1161926. [PMID: 37152741 PMCID: PMC10157257 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1161926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
New Zealand is a remote country in the South Pacific Ocean. The isolation and relatively late arrival of humans into New Zealand has meant there is a recorded history of the introduction of domestic species. Honey bees (Apis mellifera) were introduced to New Zealand in 1839, and the disease American foulbrood was subsequently found in the 1870s. Paenibacillus larvae, the causative agent of American foulbrood, has been genome sequenced in other countries. We sequenced the genomes of P. larvae obtained from 164 New Zealand apiaries where American foulbrood was identified in symptomatic hives during visual inspection. Multi-locus sequencing typing (MLST) revealed the dominant sequence type to be ST18, with this clonal cluster accounting for 90.2% of isolates. Only two other sequence types (with variants) were identified, ST5 and ST23. ST23 was only observed in the Otago area, whereas ST5 was limited to two geographically non-contiguous areas. The sequence types are all from the enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus I (ERIC I) genogroup. The ST18 and ST5 from New Zealand and international P. larvae all clustered by sequence type. Based on core genome MLST and SNP analysis, localized regional clusters were observed within New Zealand, but some closely related genomes were also geographically dispersed, presumably due to hive movements by beekeepers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M. Binney
- Animal Health Laboratory, Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Hayley Pragert
- Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Jonathan Foxwell
- Animal Health Laboratory, Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Edna Gias
- Animal Health Laboratory, Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Meredith L. Birrell
- Animal Health Laboratory, Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Bernard J. Phiri
- Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Oliver Quinn
- Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michael Taylor
- Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Hye Jeong Ha
- Animal Health Laboratory, Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Richard J. Hall
- Animal Health Laboratory, Biosecurity New Zealand, Ministry for Primary Industries, Upper Hutt, New Zealand
- *Correspondence: Richard J. Hall,
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Kwon M, Jung C, Kil EJ. Metagenomic analysis of viromes in honey bee colonies ( Apis mellifera; Hymenoptera: Apidae) after mass disappearance in Korea. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1124596. [PMID: 36761901 PMCID: PMC9905416 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1124596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
After the nationwide, massive winter losses of honey bees in Korea during the winter of 2021, samplings were conducted from live honey bees in colonies and dead honey bees nearby colonies in the same bee-farms in six regions in Korea. Each sample was subjected to virome analysis using high-throughput sequencing technology. The number of viral reads was the lowest in the live honey bee group sample with 370,503 reads and the highest in the dead honey bee group sample with 42,659,622 reads. Viral contigs were matched with the viral genomes of the black queen cell virus, deformed wing virus, Israeli acute paralysis virus, and sacbrood virus, all of which have been previously reported in Korea. However, Apis rhabdovirus 5, bee macula-like virus, Varroa orthomyxovirus-1, Hubei partiti-like virus 34, Lake Sinai virus 2, 3, and 4, and the Ditton virus, were also discovered in this study, which are the first records in Korea. Plant viral sequences resembling those of Arabidopsis latent virus 1, and a novel viral sequence was also discovered. In the present study 55 complete viral genome sequences were identified. This study is the first virome analysis of domestic honey bees and provides the latest information on the diversity of honey bee viruses in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyeok Kwon
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- Agriculture Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Chuleui Jung
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- Agriculture Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Joon Kil
- Department of Plant Medicals, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- Agriculture Science and Technology Research Institute, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Eui-Joon Kil,
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Avalos A, Bilodeau L. Russian honey bee genotype identification through enhanced marker panel set. Front Insect Sci 2022; 2:998310. [PMID: 38468798 PMCID: PMC10926385 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.998310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Russian honey bees (RHB) are a breeding population developed by USDA-ARS as an effort to provide Varroa-resistant honey bees to beekeepers. The selection strategy for this breeding population was the first in honey bees to incorporate genetic stock identification (GSI). The original GSI approach has been in use for over a decade, and though effective, novel technologies and analytical approaches recently developed provide an opportunity for improvement. Here we outline a novel genotyping assay that capitalizes on the markers used in the GSI as well as new loci recently identified in a whole genome pooled study of commercial honey bee stocks. Our approach utilizes a microfluidic platform and machine learning analyses to arrive at an accurate, high throughput assay. This novel approach provides an improved tool that can be readily incorporated into breeding decisions towards healthier more productive bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arian Avalos
- Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics, and Physiology Research Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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Mating M, Sharbati S, Einspanier R. A Detoxification Enzyme for Apis mellifera Newly Characterized by Recombinant Expression: 10-Formyl Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase. Front Insect Sci 2022; 2:829869. [PMID: 38468756 PMCID: PMC10926475 DOI: 10.3389/finsc.2022.829869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Honeybees are important managed pollinators that perform important ecological and economic functions. In recent decades, the obligate ectoparasite Varroa destructor severely affected survival of honeybees as it either feeds on hemolymph and fat bodies or acts as a vector for viruses. A common treatment against the varroa mite is formic acid, which has been used for many years by beekeepers. This treatment is known to be effective, but the therapeutic index is very narrow. Many beekeepers report negative effects of formic acid on bees, which include damage to brood, worker bee mortality, and queen loss. Little is yet known about the molecular mechanisms of formic acid detoxification in honeybees. Our previous study shows the upregulation of predicted 10-formyl tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (10-FTHFDH) transcripts in honeybees exposed to formic acid. Here, the predicted honeybee-specific 10-FTHFDH is recombinantly expressed, and its hydrolase and dehydrogenase activities are investigated. As a result, the enzyme shows similar dehydrogenase activity in comparison to known 10-FTHFDHs. This study provides further knowledge to better understand the detoxification mechanisms of formic acid in Apis mellifera.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ralf Einspanier
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Kumar D, Alburaki M, Tahir F, Goblirsch M, Adamczyk J, Karim S. An Insight Into the microRNA Profile of the Ectoparasitic Mite Varroa destructor (Acari: Varroidae), the Primary Vector of Honey Bee Deformed Wing Virus. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:847000. [PMID: 35372101 PMCID: PMC8966896 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.847000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The remarkably adaptive mite Varroa destructor is the most important honey bee ectoparasite. Varroa mites are competent vectors of deformed wing virus (DWV), and the Varroa-virus complex is a major determinant of annual honey bee colony mortality and collapse. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are 22-24 nucleotide non-coding RNAs produced by all plants and animals and some viruses that influence biological processes through post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Knowledge of miRNAs and their function in mite biology remains limited. Here we constructed small RNA libraries from male and female V. destructor using Illumina's small RNA-Seq platform. A total of 101,913,208 and 91,904,732 small RNA reads (>18 nucleotides) from male and female mites were analyzed using the miRDeep2 algorithm. A conservative approach predicted 306 miRNAs, 18 of which were upregulated and 13 downregulated in female V. destructor compared with males. Quantitative real-time PCR validated the expression of selected differentially-expressed female Varroa miRNAs. This dataset provides a list of potential miRNA targets involved in regulating vital Varroa biological processes and paves the way for developing strategies to target Varroa and their viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Kumar
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Mohamed Alburaki
- Bee Research Laboratory, Beltsville, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service (USDA ARS), Beltsville, MD, United States
| | - Faizan Tahir
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Michael Goblirsch
- Southern Horticultural Research Unit, USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS, United States
| | - John Adamczyk
- Southern Horticultural Research Unit, USDA ARS, Poplarville, MS, United States
| | - Shahid Karim
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
- Center for Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
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Biová J, Bzdil J, Dostálková S, Petřivalský M, Brus J, Carra E, Danihlík J. Corrigendum: American Foulbrood in the Czech Republic: ERIC II Genotype of Paenibacillus Larvae Is Prevalent. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:807222. [PMID: 34950727 PMCID: PMC8691129 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.807222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Biová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | | | - Silvie Dostálková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Brus
- Department of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Elena Carra
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute in Lombardy and Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - Jiří Danihlík
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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Biová J, Bzdil J, Dostálková S, Petřivalský M, Brus J, Carra E, Danihlík J. American Foulbrood in the Czech Republic: ERIC II Genotype of Paenibacillus Larvae Is Prevalent. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:698976. [PMID: 34485429 PMCID: PMC8416417 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.698976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
American foulbrood (AFB) is a dangerous disease of honeybees (Apis mellifera) caused by the spore-forming bacterium Paenibacillus larvae. According to the ERIC (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus) classification, five genotypes are distinguished, i.e., I, II, III, IV, and V, which differ in their virulence and prevalence in colonies. In the Czech Republic, AFB prevalence is monitored by the State Veterinary Administration; however, the occurrence of specific P. larvae genotypes within the country remains unknown. In this study, our aim was to genotype field P. larvae strains collected in the Czech Republic according to the ERIC classification. In total, 102 field isolates from colonies with AFB clinical symptoms were collected from various locations in the Czech Republic, and the PCR genotypization was performed using ERIC primers. We confirmed the presence of both ERIC I and II genotypes, while ERIC III, IV, and V were not detected. The majority of samples (n = 82, 80.4%) were identified as ERIC II, while the ERIC I genotype was confirmed only in 20 samples (19.6%). In contrast to other European countries, the ERIC II genotype is predominant in Czech honeybee colonies. The ERIC I genotype was mostly detected in border regions close to Poland, Slovakia, and Austria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Biová
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | | | - Silvie Dostálková
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Marek Petřivalský
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Brus
- Department of Geoinformatics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Elena Carra
- Experimental Zooprophylactic Institute in Lombardy and Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), Brescia, Italy
| | - Jiří Danihlík
- State Veterinary Institute Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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Paffhausen BH, Petrasch J, Greggers U, Duer A, Wang Z, Menzel S, Stieber P, Haink K, Geldenhuys M, Čavojská J, Stein TA, Wutke S, Voigt A, Coburn J, Menzel R. The Electronic Bee Spy: Eavesdropping on Honeybee Communication via Electrostatic Field Recordings. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:647224. [PMID: 33994968 PMCID: PMC8115936 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.647224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a canary in a coalmine warns of dwindling breathable air, the honeybee can indicate the health of an ecosystem. Honeybees are the most important pollinators of fruit-bearing flowers, and share similar ecological niches with many other pollinators; therefore, the health of a honeybee colony can reflect the conditions of a whole ecosystem. The health of a colony may be mirrored in social signals that bees exchange during their sophisticated body movements such as the waggle dance. To observe these changes, we developed an automatic system that records and quantifies social signals under normal beekeeping conditions. Here, we describe the system and report representative cases of normal social behavior in honeybees. Our approach utilizes the fact that honeybee bodies are electrically charged by friction during flight and inside the colony, and thus they emanate characteristic electrostatic fields when they move their bodies. These signals, together with physical measurements inside and outside the colony (temperature, humidity, weight of the hive, and activity at the hive entrance) will allow quantification of normal and detrimental conditions of the whole colony. The information provided instructs how to setup the recording device, how to install it in a normal bee colony, and how to interpret its data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julian Petrasch
- Department Information Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Greggers
- Department Biology, Neurobiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Aron Duer
- Department Biology, Neurobiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zhengwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Simon Menzel
- Department Biology, Neurobiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Stieber
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Karén Haink
- Department Biology, Neurobiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Jana Čavojská
- Department Information Science, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Timo A Stein
- Complex and Distributed IT Systems, Technische Universtät Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophia Wutke
- Department Biology, Neurobiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Voigt
- Department Biology, Neurobiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josephine Coburn
- Department Biology, Neurobiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Randolf Menzel
- Department Biology, Neurobiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Masry SHD, Kabeil SS, Hafez EE. New Paenibacillus larvae bacterial isolates from honey bee colonies infected with American foulbrood disease in Egypt. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014; 28:271-276. [PMID: 26740757 PMCID: PMC4684043 DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2014.906826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The American foulbrood disease is widely distributed all over the world and causes a serious problem for the honeybee industry. Different infected larvae were collected from different apiaries, ground in phosphate saline buffer (PSB) and bacterial isolation was carried out on nutrient agar medium. Different colonies were observed and were characterized biologically. Two bacterial isolates (SH11 and SH33) were subjected to molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene and the sequence analysis revealed that the two isolates are Paenibacillus larvae with identity not exceeding 83%. The DNA sequence alignment between the other P. larvae bacterial strains and the two identified bacterial isolates showed that all the examined bacterial strains have the same ancestor, i.e. they have the same origin. The SH33 isolate was closely related to the P. larvae isolated from Germany, whereas the isolate SH11 was close to the P. larvae isolated from India. The phylogenetic tree constructed for 20 different Bacillus sp. and the two isolates SH11 and SH33 demonstrated that the two isolates are Bacillus sp. and they are new isolates. The bacterial isolates will be subjected to more tests for more confirmations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad Hamdy Daif Masry
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sanaa Soliman Kabeil
- Protein Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Elsayed Elsayed Hafez
- Plant Protection and Biomolecular Diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
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