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Saulnier J, Soirey M, Kébir N, Delessard M, Rives-Feraille A, Moutard L, Dumont L, Rives N, Rondanino C. Complete meiosis in rat prepubertal testicular tissue under in vitro sequential culture conditions. Andrology 2023; 11:167-176. [PMID: 36303516 PMCID: PMC10099474 DOI: 10.1111/andr.13325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Testicular tissue cryopreservation before gonadotoxic treatments allows fertility preservation in children suffering from cancer. Fertility restoration strategies, in particular in vitro maturation of prepubertal testicular tissue, are being developed mainly in animal models. The rat, widely used in biomedical research, including in reproductive biology, is a relevant model. OBJECTIVES To determine whether sequential two-step culture protocols can improve the efficiency of rat in vitro spermatogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat prepubertal testicular tissues were cultured on agarose gels with either a one-step or two-step protocol with or without polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) ceiling chips. The progression of spermatogenesis, germ/Sertoli cell ratio, cell proliferation, seminiferous tubule area, and intratubular cell density were assessed by histological and immunohistochemical analyses. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays and Peanut Agglutinin (PNA) lectin labeling were performed to analyze the Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) integrity and differentiation step of in vitro-produced spermatids. RESULTS Sequential two-step protocols allowed the production of spermatids with a higher efficiency compared with the one-step culture protocol. However, the efficiency was low, as less than 1.5% of tubules contained spermatids. Most of the in vitro-produced spermatids contained unfragmented DNA and were at an early step of differentiation. Rare elongating spermatids could be detected in the cultured explants. Although complete in vitro spermatogenesis could not be obtained with PDMS ceiling chips, entry into meiosis was promoted in one-step organotypic cultures. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Complete in vitro meiosis and the beginning of the elongation phase of spermiogenesis were obtained in a rat model using sequential culture methods. Because of their low efficiency, further work will be necessary to identify the culture conditions allowing the completion of spermiogenesis. These optimizations could pave the way for future applications, including the development of an in vitro fertility restoration procedure for childhood cancer survivors, which is still far from being clinically available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Saulnier
- INSERM, U1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Mathilde Soirey
- INSERM, U1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Nasreddine Kébir
- Normandie Univ, INSA Rouen Normandie, Laboratoire PBS, Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, France
| | - Marion Delessard
- INSERM, U1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Aurélie Rives-Feraille
- INSERM, U1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Laura Moutard
- INSERM, U1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Ludovic Dumont
- INSERM, U1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Nathalie Rives
- INSERM, U1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Normandy University, Rouen, France
| | - Christine Rondanino
- INSERM, U1239, Adrenal and Gonadal Pathophysiology team, Laboratory of Neuroendocrine Endocrine and Germinal Differentiation and Communication, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen Normandy University, Rouen, France
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Nakamura N, Sloper DT. Comparison of germ cell differentiation of rat testis fragments cultured in knockout serum replacement versus Albumax™ I. Birth Defects Res 2020; 113:359-370. [PMID: 33348473 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spermatogenesis complexity makes reliable in vitro testis model development challenging. Previously, we evaluated an in vitro mouse testis organ culture system for assessing testicular toxicity. However, rat models are commonly used for drug/chemical toxicity testing; therefore, we assessed the effects of media on germ cell differentiation in cultured rat testis fragments. METHODS Testes from postnatal day 5 Sprague-Dawley (Hsd:SD) rats were cultured in knockout serum replacement (KSR) or Albumax™ I (Albumax) medium. For testis morphology and germ cell differentiation, rat testis fragments were collected on days 20, 27, 35, 42, 49, and 63 of culture for histology/immunohistochemistry using antibodies to spermatogenesis-specific markers. The fragments collected on days 20, 27, 42, 49, and 63 were used for qPCR. RESULTS Pachytene spermatocyte (PS) differentiation was observed in rat testis fragments cultured in KSR and Albumax. However, there were more seminiferous tubules (STs) with PS in rat testis fragments cultured in Albumax than in KSR. Over 60% of STs with germ cell differentiation were observed in rat testis fragments when cultured in Albumax on days 20, 27, and 35, whereas this figure showed only on day 20 when cultured in KSR. CONCLUSIONS This study found only PS differentiation in rat testis fragments. Compared to KSR, Albumax appears to contribute to increased PS production. This in vitro rat testis organ culture system may be useful for assessing testicular toxicity. However, PS differentiation per ST is lower in rat testis fragments; further studies are required to improve this rat testis organ culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nakamura
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
| | - Daniel T Sloper
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas, USA
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Liu ZK, Qiao XH, Gou LM, Li CJ. [Acquisition of submandibular gland in mouse embryo and establishment of an in vitro organ culture model]. Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 38:228-232. [PMID: 32314900 PMCID: PMC7184286 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Branching morphology is important to ensure that the organ can obtain the efficient functional morphology in a limited volume. The submandibular gland is a crucial model for studying the morphological processes of organ branches. Harvesting the submandibular gland from mouse embryo is also an essential research technique. In this paper, a modified method for obtaining the submandibular glands of mouse embryo was introduced, and the whole process of obtaining and establishing in vitro organ culture was briefly introduced to accurately simulate branch morphogenesis for vivo development and related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiang-He Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li-Ming Gou
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Chun-Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Nakamura N, Merry GE, Inselman AL, Sloper DT, Del Valle PL, Sato T, Ogawa T, Hansen DK. Evaluation of Culture Time and Media in an In Vitro Testis Organ Culture System. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:465-474. [PMID: 28398669 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complexity of spermatogenesis makes development of appropriate in vitro testis models challenging. A novel in vitro mouse testis culture system has been reported but not yet evaluated as an alternative model for male reproductive toxicity testing. We assessed the effects of media composition on sperm differentiation and testis morphology of cultured mouse testis fragments. METHODS Testes from postnatal day 5 B6:CBA-Tg(Acrv1-EGFP)2727Redd/J male mice were cultured in knockout serum replacement (KSR) or Albumax I (Albumax) medium. Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression was examined on days 35, 42, 45, and 49 of culture. Histology and flow cytometry were performed for testis morphology and spermatid differentiation. RESULTS EGFP signals were first observed in round spermatids on day 22 of culture (corresponding to postnatal day 27) and were observed until the end of culture, indicating testis-specific protein expression. A-kinase anchor protein 4 expression, a marker of elongated spermatid (step 15-16) occurred earlier in explants cultured in KSR than Albumax medium (typically day 35 and after day 42 of culture, respectively). The percentage of seminiferous tubules with elongated spermatid was higher in Albumax than KSR medium from days 45 to 49 of culture. CONCLUSION Albumax medium may facilitate or support better morphology and spermatid production than KSR medium. Further studies need to improve spermatid production and refinement of this in vitro testis culture system that may be useful as a supplement to current male reproductive toxicity testing or an alternative model in cases where in vivo testing may be unfeasible. Birth Defects Research 109:465-474, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Nakamura
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Gwenn E Merry
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Amy L Inselman
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Daniel T Sloper
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
| | - Pedro L Del Valle
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Takuya Sato
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University, Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takehiko Ogawa
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University, Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Deborah K Hansen
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas
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Fitzhenry RJ, Pickard DJ, Hartland EL, Reece S, Dougan G, Phillips AD, Frankel G. Intimin type influences the site of human intestinal mucosal colonisation by enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7. Gut 2002; 50:180-5. [PMID: 11788556 PMCID: PMC1773112 DOI: 10.1136/gut.50.2.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterohaemorrhagic (EHEC) and enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli epithelial cell adhesion is characterised by intimate attachment, and attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion formation. This event is mediated in part by intimin binding to another bacterial protein, Tir (translocated intimin receptor), which is exported by the bacteria and integrated into the host cell plasma membrane. Importantly, EPEC (O127:H6) and EHEC (O157:H7) express antigenically distinct intimin types known as intimin alpha and gamma, respectively. EHEC (O157:H7) colonises human intestinal explants although adhesion is restricted to the follicle associated epithelium of Peyer's patches. This phenotype is also observed with EPEC O127:H6 engineered to express EHEC intimin gamma. AIMS To investigate the influence of intimin on colonisation of human intestine by E coli O157:H7, and intimin types on tissue tropism in humans. METHODS Human intestinal in vitro organ culture with wild type and mutant strains of O157:H7 were employed. RESULTS Introducing a deletion mutation in the eae gene encoding intimin gamma in EHEC (O157:H7) caused the strain (ICC170) to fail to colonise human intestinal explants. However, colonisation of Peyer's patches and A/E lesion formation were restored with intimin gamma expression from a plasmid (ICC170 (pICC55)). In contrast, complementing the mutation with intimin alpha resulted in a strain (ICC170 (pCVD438)) capable of colonising and producing A/E lesions on both Peyer's patch and other small intestinal explants. CONCLUSION Intimin is necessary for human intestinal mucosal colonisation by E coli O157:H7. Intimin type influences the site of colonisation in a Tir type independent mechanism; intimin gamma appears to restrict colonisation to human follicle associated epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Fitzhenry
- Centre for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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