1
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Wang YH, Yao CY, Lin CC, Gurashi K, Amaral FMR, Bossenbroek H, Jerez A, Somervaille TCP, Binder M, Patnaik MM, Hou HA, Chou WC, Batta K, Wiseman DH, Tien HF. A three-gene leukaemic stem cell signature score is robustly prognostic in chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2023; 201:302-307. [PMID: 36746431 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Leukaemic stem cell (LSC) gene expression has recently been linked to prognosis in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (17-gene LSC score, LSC-17) and myelodysplastic syndromes. Although chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia (CMML) is regarded as a stem cell disorder, the clinical and biological impact of LSCs on CMML patients remains elusive. Making use of multiple independent validation cohorts, we here describe a concise three-gene expression signature (LSC-3, derived from the LSC-17 score) as an independent and robust prognostic factor for leukaemia-free and overall survival in CMML. We propose that LSC-3 could be used to supplement existing risk stratification systems, to improve prognostic performance and guide management decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hung Wang
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Hematology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Chi-Yuan Yao
- Division of Hematology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chin Lin
- Division of Hematology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kristian Gurashi
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fabio M R Amaral
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Hasse Bossenbroek
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andres Jerez
- Haematology Department, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tim C P Somervaille
- Leukaemia Biology Laboratory, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - Moritz Binder
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mrinal M Patnaik
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hsin-An Hou
- Division of Hematology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Chou
- Division of Hematology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kiran Batta
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel H Wiseman
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Hwei-Fang Tien
- Division of Hematology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Fra-Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
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2
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Xie X, Zhang W, Zhou X, Ye Z, Wang H, Qiu Y, Pan Y, Hu Y, Li L, Chen Z, Yang W, Lu Y, Zou S, Li Y, Bai X. Abemaciclib drives the therapeutic differentiation of acute myeloid leukaemia stem cells. Br J Haematol 2023; 201:940-953. [PMID: 36916190 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-renewal and differentiation arrest are two features of leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) responsible for the high relapse rate of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). To screen drugs to overcome differentiation blockade for AML, we conducted screening of 2040 small molecules from a library of United States Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs and found that the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)4/6 inhibitor, abemaciclib, exerts high anti-leukaemic activity. Abemaciclib significantly suppressed proliferation and promoted the differentiation of LSCs in vitro. Abemaciclib also efficiently induced differentiation and impaired self-renewal of LSCs, thus reducing the leukaemic cell burden and improving survival in various preclinical animal models, including patient-derived xenografts. Importantly, abemaciclib strongly enhanced anti-tumour effects in combination with venetoclax, a B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) inhibitor. This treatment combination led to a marked decrease in LSC-enriched populations and resulted in a synergistic anti-leukaemic effect. Target screening revealed that in addition to CDK4/6, abemaciclib bound to and inhibited CDK9, consequently attenuating the protein levels of global p-Ser2 RNA Polymerase II (Pol II) carboxy terminal domain (CTD), Myc, Bcl-2, and myeloid cell leukaemia-1 (Mcl-1), which was important for the anti-AML effect of abemaciclib. Collectively, these data provide a strong rationale for the clinical evaluation of abemaciclib to induce LSC differentiation and treat highly aggressive AML as well as other advanced haematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Xie
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wuju Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhixin Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Qiu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yating Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxing Hu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luyao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuanzhuan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwen Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuxin Zou
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Hematology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degenerative Diseases, Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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3
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Zhou B, Qin Y, Zhou J, Ruan J, Xiong F, Dong J, Huang X, Yu Z, Gao S. Bortezomib suppresses self-renewal and leukemogenesis of leukemia stem cell by NF-ĸB-dependent inhibition of CDK6 in MLL-rearranged myeloid leukemia. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:3124-3135. [PMID: 33599085 PMCID: PMC7957264 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) with chromosomal rearrangements involving the H3K4 methyltransferase mixed‐lineage leukaemia (MLL) is an aggressive subtype with low overall survival. Bortezomib (Bort) is first applied in multiple myeloma. However, whether bort possesses anti‐self‐renewal and leukemogenesis of leukaemia stem cell (LSC) in AML with MLL rearrangements is still unclear. Here, we found that bort suppressed cell proliferation and decreased colony formation in human and murine leukaemic blasts. Besides, bort reduced the frequency and function of LSC, inhibited the progression, and extended the overall survival in MLL‐AF9 (MF9) ‐transformed leukaemic mice. Furthermore, bort decreased the percentage of human LSC (CD34+CD38‐) cells and extended the overall survival in AML blasts‐xenografted NOD/SCID‐IL2Rγ (NSG) mice. Mechanistically, cyclin dependent kinase 6 (CDK6) was identified as a bort target by RNA sequencing. Bort reduced the expressions of CDK6 by inhibiting NF ĸB recruitment to the promoter of CDK6, leading to the abolishment of NF ĸB DNA‐binding activity for CDK6 promoter. Overexpression of CDK6 partially rescued bort‐induced anti‐leukemogenesis. Most importantly, bort had little side‐effect against the normal haematological stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) and did not affect CDK6 expression in normal HSPC. In conclusion, our results suggest that bort selectively targets LSC in MLL rearrangements. Bort might be a prospective drug for AML patients bearing MLL rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yaqian Qin
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingying Zhou
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jichen Ruan
- Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fang Xiong
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinglai Dong
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xingzhou Huang
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhijie Yu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shenmeng Gao
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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4
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Dhami SPS, Tirincsi A, Baev D, Krawczyk J, Quinn J, Cahill MR, Zeugolis D, Szegezdi E. Theranostic drug test incorporating the bone-marrow microenvironment can predict the clinical response of acute myeloid leukaemia to chemotherapy. Br J Haematol 2020; 189:e254-e258. [PMID: 32342487 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.16684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sukhraj Pal S Dhami
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrea Tirincsi
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Denis Baev
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Janusz Krawczyk
- Department of Haematology, Galway University Hospital, Galway, Ireland
| | - John Quinn
- Department of Haematology, Beaumont Hospital and Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary R Cahill
- Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios Zeugolis
- Regenerative, Modular and Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Science Foundation of Ireland, Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eva Szegezdi
- Apoptosis Research Centre, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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5
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Chen L, Wan Y, Liu Y, Li T. Propofol inhibits biological functions of leukaemia stem and differentiated cells through suppressing Wnt/β-catenin and Akt/mTOR. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:127-134. [PMID: 31429973 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biological roles of intravenous anaesthetic propofol in cancer have been shown by various studies using cancer cell lines that represent differentiated cancer cells. However, the activities of propofol in cancer stem cells have not been elucidated. In this work, we examined the effects and mechanisms of propofol on acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) differentiated and CD34+ CD38- stem cells. We found that propofol inhibited growth, differentiation and self-renewal capabilities of AML stem cells regardless of cellular origin and genetic profiling. In addition, propofol inhibited the growth of AML differentiated cells. Propofol significantly induced apoptosis of AML differentiated but not CD34+ CD38- stem cells. We further found that propofol significantly augmented the efficacy of AML standard therapeutic drugs. Consistent with the previous findings, we showed that propofol suppressed the Akt/mTOR pathway in AML cells. We also found that propofol inhibited pathways important for stem cell maintenance and self-renewal, such as Wnt/β-catenin. Overexpression of constitutively active Akt partially reversed the inhibitory effects of propofol in AML differentiated cells. Stabilization of β-catenin using genetic and pharmacological approaches also partially rescued the inhibitory effects of propofol in AML differentiated and stem cells. Our work shows that propofol targets leukaemia cells at all stages of development, in a cell type-specific manner. Inhibition of both Akt/mTOR and Wnt/β-catenin is required for the action of propofol in AML. Our findings also highlight the activities of propofol on cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liufang Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingchun Wan
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Youtan Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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6
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Zhou B, Ye H, Xing C, Liang B, Li H, Chen L, Huang X, Wu Y, Gao S. Targeting miR-193a-AML1-ETO-β-catenin axis by melatonin suppresses the self-renewal of leukaemia stem cells in leukaemia with t (8;21) translocation. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:5246-5258. [PMID: 31119862 PMCID: PMC6653044 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AML1‐ETO, the most common fusion oncoprotein by t (8;21) in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), enhances hematopoietic self‐renewal and leukemogenesis. However, currently no specific therapies have been reported for t (8;21) AML patients as AML1‐ETO is still intractable as a pharmacological target. For this purpose, leukaemia cells and AML1‐ETO‐induced murine leukaemia model were used to investigate the degradation of AML1‐ETO by melatonin (MLT), synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland. MLT remarkedly decreased AML1‐ETO protein in leukemic cells. Meanwhile, MLT induced apoptosis, decreased proliferation and reduced colony formation. Furthermore, MLT reduced the expansion of human leukemic cells and extended the overall survival in U937T‐AML1‐ETO‐xenografted NSG mice. Most importantly, MLT reduced the infiltration of leukaemia blasts, decreased the frequency of leukaemia stem cells (LSCs) and prolonged the overall survival in AML1‐ETO‐induced murine leukaemia. Mechanistically, MLT increased the expression of miR‐193a, which inhibited AML1‐ETO expression via targeting its putative binding sites. Furthermore, MLT decreased the expression of β‐catenin, which is required for the self‐renewal of LSC and is the downstream of AML1‐ETO. Thus, MLT presents anti‐self‐renewal of LSC through miR‐193a‐AML1‐ETO‐β‐catenin axis. In conclusion, MLT might be a potential treatment for t (8;21) leukaemia by targeting AML1‐ETO oncoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhou
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haige Ye
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chongyun Xing
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linling Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The People's Hospital of Yuhuang County, Taizhou, China
| | - Xingzhou Huang
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanfei Wu
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shenmeng Gao
- Laboratory of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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7
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Ding Y, Yang Z, Ge W, Kuang B, Xu J, Yang J, Chen Y, Zhang Q. Synthesis and biological evaluation of dithiocarbamate esters of parthenolide as potential anti-acute myelogenous leukaemia agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1376-1391. [PMID: 30208745 PMCID: PMC6136352 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1490734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of dithiocarbamate esters of parthenolide (PTL) was designed, synthesised, and evaluated for their anti- acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML) activities. The most promising compound 7l showed greatly improved potency against AML progenitor cell line KG1a with IC50 value of 0.7 μM, and the efficacy was 8.7-folds comparing to that of PTL (IC50 = 6.1 μM). Compound 7l induced apoptosis of total primary human AML cells and leukaemia stem cell (LSCs) of primary AML cells while sparing normal cells. Furthermore, 7l suppressed the colony formation of primary human leukaemia cells. Moreover, compound 12, the salt form of 7l, prolonged the lifespan of mice in two patient-derived xenograft models and had no observable toxicity. The preliminary molecular mechanism study revealed that 7l-mediated apoptosis is associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway. On the basis of these investigations, we propose that 12 might be a promising drug candidate for ultimate discovery of anti-LSCs drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Ding
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongjin Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China.,b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhi Ge
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Beijia Kuang
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Junqing Xu
- c Department of Hematology , Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University Medical College , Yantai , People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Yang
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
| | - Quan Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research , Nankai University , Tianjin , People's Republic of China
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8
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Kersten B, Valkering M, Wouters R, van Amerongen R, Hanekamp D, Kwidama Z, Valk P, Ossenkoppele G, Zeijlemaker W, Kaspers G, Cloos J, Schuurhuis GJ. CD45RA, a specific marker for leukaemia stem cell sub-populations in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2016; 173:219-35. [PMID: 26814163 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy resistant leukaemic stem cells (LSC) are thought to be responsible for relapses after therapy in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Flow cytometry can discriminate CD34(+) CD38(-) LSC and normal haematopoietic stem cells (HSC) by using aberrant expression of markers and scatter properties. However, not all LSC can be identified using currently available markers, so new markers are needed. CD45RA is expressed on leukaemic cells in the majority of AML patients. We investigated the potency of CD45RA to specifically identify LSC and HSC and improve LSC quantification. Compared to our best other markers (CLL-1, also termed CLEC12A, CD33 and CD123), CD45RA was the most reliable marker. Patients with high percentages (>90%) of CD45RA on CD34(+) CD38(-) LSC have 1·69-fold higher scatter values compared to HSC (P < 0·001), indicating a more mature CD34(+) CD38(-) phenotype. Patients with low (<10%) or intermediate (10-90%) CD45RA expression on LSC showed no significant differences to HSC (1·12- and 1·15-fold higher, P = 0·31 and P = 0·44, respectively). CD45RA-positive LSC tended to represent more favourable cytogenetic/molecular markers. In conclusion, CD45RA contributes to more accurate LSC detection and is recommended for inclusion in stem cell tracking panels. CD45RA may contribute to define new LSC-specific therapies and to monitor effects of anti-LSC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas Kersten
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs Valkering
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rolf Wouters
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rosa van Amerongen
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diana Hanekamp
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zinia Kwidama
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Valk
- Department of Haematology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Ossenkoppele
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gertjan Kaspers
- Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Cloos
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Paediatric Oncology/Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J Schuurhuis
- Department of Haematology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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9
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Abstract
At least several types of human haematological malignancies can now be seen as 'stem-cell diseases'. The best-studied in this context is acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). It has been shown that these diseases are driven by a pool of 'leukaemia stem cells (LSC)', which remain in the quiescent state, have the capacity to survive and self-renew, and are responsible for the recurrence of cancer after classical chemotherapy. It has been understood that LSC must be eliminated in order to cure patients suffering from haematological cancers. Recent advances in LSC research have allowed for description of LSC phenotype and identification of potential targets for anti-LSC therapies. This concise review summarises the current view on LSC biology and targeted approaches against LSC.
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