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Simões T, Ferreira J, Lemos MFL, Augusto A, Félix R, Silva SFJ, Ferreira-Dias S, Tecelão C. Argan Oil as a Rich Source of Linoleic Fatty Acid for Dietetic Structured Lipids Production. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11111114. [PMID: 34832990 PMCID: PMC8621445 DOI: 10.3390/life11111114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Argan oil is rich in long-chain unsaturated fatty acids (FA), mostly oleic and linoleic, and natural antioxidants. This study addresses the production of low-calorie structured lipids by acidolysis reaction, in a solvent-free system, between caprylic (C8:0; system I) or capric (C10:0; system II) acids and argan oil, used as triacylglycerol (TAG) source. Three commercial immobilized lipases were tested: Novozym® 435, Lipozyme® TL IM, and Lipozyme® RM IM. Higher incorporation degree (ID) was achieved when C10:0 was used as acyl donor, for all the lipases tested. Lipozyme® RM IM yielded the highest ID for both systems (28.9 ± 0.05 mol.% C10:0, and 11.4 ± 2.2 mol.% C8:0), being the only catalyst able to incorporate C8:0 under the reaction conditions for biocatalyst screening (molar ratio 2:1 FA/TAG and 55 °C). The optimal conditions for Lipozyme® RM IM in system II were found by response surface methodology (66 °C; molar ratio FA/TAG of 4:1), enabling to reach an ID of 40.9 mol.% of C10:0. Operational stability of Lipozyme® RM IM in system II was also evaluated under optimal conditions, after eight consecutive 24 h-batches, with biocatalyst rehydration between cycles. The biocatalyst presented a half-life time of 103 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Simões
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (T.S.); (J.F.); (M.F.L.L.); (A.A.); (R.F.); (S.F.J.S.)
| | - Jessica Ferreira
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (T.S.); (J.F.); (M.F.L.L.); (A.A.); (R.F.); (S.F.J.S.)
| | - Marco F. L. Lemos
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (T.S.); (J.F.); (M.F.L.L.); (A.A.); (R.F.); (S.F.J.S.)
| | - Ana Augusto
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (T.S.); (J.F.); (M.F.L.L.); (A.A.); (R.F.); (S.F.J.S.)
- CDRSP-Center for Rapid and Sustainable Product Development, Politécnico de Leiria, 2430-028 Marinha Grande, Portugal
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Rafael Félix
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (T.S.); (J.F.); (M.F.L.L.); (A.A.); (R.F.); (S.F.J.S.)
| | - Susana F. J. Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (T.S.); (J.F.); (M.F.L.L.); (A.A.); (R.F.); (S.F.J.S.)
| | - Suzana Ferreira-Dias
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Carla Tecelão
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, ESTM, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-641 Peniche, Portugal; (T.S.); (J.F.); (M.F.L.L.); (A.A.); (R.F.); (S.F.J.S.)
- LEAF, Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 1349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
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