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Bai Y, Wang X, Shi J, Yang F, Ruan J, Dong R, Zhang S. The Application of Low-Frequency Transition in the Assessment of the Second-Order Zeeman Frequency Shift. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:s21248333. [PMID: 34960427 PMCID: PMC8708396 DOI: 10.3390/s21248333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Second-order Zeeman frequency shift is one of the major systematic factors affecting the frequency uncertainty performance of cesium atomic fountain clock. Second-order Zeeman frequency shift is calculated by experimentally measuring the central frequency of the (1,1) or (−1,−1) magnetically sensitive Ramsey transition. The low-frequency transition method can be used to measure the magnetic field strength and to predict the central fringe of (1,1) or (−1,−1) magnetically sensitive Ramsey transition. In this paper, we deduce the formula for magnetic field measurement using the low-frequency transition method and measured the magnetic field distribution of 4 cm inside the Ramsey cavity and 32 cm along the flight region experimentally. The result shows that the magnetic field fluctuation is less than 1 nT. The influence of low-frequency pulse signal duration on the accuracy of magnetic field measurement is studied and the optimal low-frequency pulse signal duration is determined. The central fringe of (−1,−1) magnetically sensitive Ramsey transition can be predicted by using a numerical integrating of the magnetic field “map”. Comparing the predicted central fringe with that identified by Ramsey method, the frequency difference between these two is, at most, a fringe width of 0.3. We apply the experimentally measured central frequency of the (−1,−1) Ramsey transition to the Breit-Rabi formula, and the second-order Zeeman frequency shift is calculated as 131.03 × 10−15, with the uncertainty of 0.10 × 10−15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi’an 710600, China; (Y.B.); (J.S.); (F.Y.); (J.R.); (R.D.); (S.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yu Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xinliang Wang
- National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi’an 710600, China; (Y.B.); (J.S.); (F.Y.); (J.R.); (R.D.); (S.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-13700277244
| | - Junru Shi
- National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi’an 710600, China; (Y.B.); (J.S.); (F.Y.); (J.R.); (R.D.); (S.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yu Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fan Yang
- National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi’an 710600, China; (Y.B.); (J.S.); (F.Y.); (J.R.); (R.D.); (S.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yu Quan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jun Ruan
- National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi’an 710600, China; (Y.B.); (J.S.); (F.Y.); (J.R.); (R.D.); (S.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, China
| | - Ruifang Dong
- National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi’an 710600, China; (Y.B.); (J.S.); (F.Y.); (J.R.); (R.D.); (S.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, China
| | - Shougang Zhang
- National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shu Yuan Road, Xi’an 710600, China; (Y.B.); (J.S.); (F.Y.); (J.R.); (R.D.); (S.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Time and Frequency Primary Standards, National Time Service Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710600, China
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