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Berganza E, Marqués-Marchán J, Bran C, Vazquez M, Asenjo A, Jaafar M. Evidence of Skyrmion-Tube Mediated Magnetization Reversal in Modulated Nanowires. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14195671. [PMID: 34640067 PMCID: PMC8509997 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanowires, conceived as individual building blocks for spintronic devices, constitute a well-suited model to design and study magnetization reversal processes, or to tackle fundamental questions, such as the presence of topologically protected magnetization textures under particular conditions. Recently, a skyrmion-tube mediated magnetization reversal process was theoretically reported in diameter modulated cylindrical nanowires. In these nanowires, a vortex nucleates at the end of the segments with larger diameter and propagates, resulting in a first switching of the nanowire core magnetization at small fields. In this work, we show experimental evidence of the so-called Bloch skyrmion-tubes, using advanced Magnetic Force Microscopy modes to image the magnetization reversal process of FeCoCu diameter modulated nanowires. By monitoring the magnetic state of the nanowire during applied field sweeping, a detected drop of magnetic signal at a given critical field unveils the presence of a skyrmion-tube, due to mutually compensating stray field components. That evidences the presence of a skyrmion-tube as an intermediate stage during the magnetization reversal, whose presence is related to the geometrical dimensions of the cylindrical segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Berganza
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, C. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - J. Marqués-Marchán
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, C. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (A.A.)
| | - C. Bran
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, C. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (A.A.)
| | - M. Vazquez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, C. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (A.A.)
| | - A. Asenjo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Campus de Cantoblanco, C. Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain; (J.M.-M.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (A.A.)
| | - M. Jaafar
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Instituto Nicolás Cabrera, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avda. Francisco Tomás y Valiente 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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