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Lobachevsky P, Forrester HB, Ivashkevich A, Mason J, Stevenson AW, Hall CJ, Sprung CN, Djonov VG, Martin OA. Synchrotron X-Ray Radiation-Induced Bystander Effect: An Impact of the Scattered Radiation, Distance From the Irradiated Site and p53 Cell Status. Front Oncol 2021; 11:685598. [PMID: 34094987 PMCID: PMC8175890 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.685598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchrotron radiation, especially microbeam radiotherapy (MRT), has a great potential to improve cancer radiotherapy, but non-targeted effects of synchrotron radiation have not yet been sufficiently explored. We have previously demonstrated that scattered synchrotron radiation induces measurable γ-H2AX foci, a biomarker of DNA double-strand breaks, at biologically relevant distances from the irradiated field that could contribute to the apparent accumulation of bystander DNA damage detected in cells and tissues outside of the irradiated area. Here, we quantified an impact of scattered radiation to DNA damage response in "naïve" cells sharing the medium with the cells that were exposed to synchrotron radiation. To understand the effect of genetic alterations in naïve cells, we utilised p53-null and p53-wild-type human colon cancer cells HCT116. The cells were grown in two-well chamber slides, with only one of nine zones (of equal area) of one well irradiated with broad beam or MRT. γ-H2AX foci per cell values induced by scattered radiation in selected zones of the unirradiated well were compared to the commensurate values from selected zones in the irradiated well, with matching distances from the irradiated zone. Scattered radiation highly impacted the DNA damage response in both wells and a pronounced distance-independent bystander DNA damage was generated by broad-beam irradiations, while MRT-generated bystander response was negligible. For p53-null cells, a trend for a reduced response to scattered irradiation was observed, but not to bystander signalling. These results will be taken into account for the assessment of genotoxic effects in surrounding non-targeted tissues in preclinical experiments designed to optimise conditions for clinical MRT and for cancer treatment in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Lobachevsky
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Advanced Analytical Technologies, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen B Forrester
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,School of Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alesia Ivashkevich
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Therapeutic Goods Administration, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Joel Mason
- Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew W Stevenson
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organisation (CSIRO) Future Industries, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)/Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris J Hall
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)/Australian Synchrotron, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Carl N Sprung
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Olga A Martin
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Sabatasso S, Fernandez-Palomo C, Hlushchuk R, Fazzari J, Tschanz S, Pellicioli P, Krisch M, Laissue JA, Djonov V. Transient and Efficient Vascular Permeability Window for Adjuvant Drug Delivery Triggered by Microbeam Radiation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092103. [PMID: 33925455 PMCID: PMC8123803 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) induces a transient vascular permeability window, which offers a novel drug-delivery system for the preferential accumulation of therapeutic compounds in tumors. MRT is a preclinical cancer treatment modality that spatially fractionates synchrotron X-rays into micrometer-wide planar microbeams which can induce transient vascular permeability, especially in the immature tumor vessels, without compromising vascular perfusion. Here, we characterized this phenomenon using Chicken Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) and demonstrated its therapeutic potential in human glioblastoma xenografts in mice. METHODS the developing CAM was exposed to planar-microbeams of 75 Gy peak dose with Synchrotron X-rays. Similarly, mice harboring human glioblastoma xenografts were exposed to peak microbeam doses of 150 Gy, followed by treatment with Cisplatin. Tumor progression was documented by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and caliper measurements. RESULTS CAM exposed to MRT exhibited vascular permeability, beginning 15 min post-irradiation, reaching its peak from 45 min to 2 h, and ending by 4 h. We have deemed this period the "permeability window". Morphological analysis showed partially fragmented endothelial walls as the cause of the increased transport of FITC-Dextran into the surrounding tissue and the extravasation of 100 nm microspheres (representing the upper range of nanoparticles). In the human glioblastoma xenografts, MRI measurements showed that the combined treatment dramatically reduced the tumor size by 2.75-fold and 5.25-fold, respectively, compared to MRT or Cisplatin alone. CONCLUSIONS MRT provides a novel mechanism for drug delivery by increasing vascular transpermeability while preserving vessel integrity. This permeability window increases the therapeutic index of currently available chemotherapeutics and could be combined with other therapeutic agents such as Nanoparticles/Antibodies/etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Sabatasso
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (S.S.); (C.F.-P.); (R.H.); (J.F.); (S.T.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Cristian Fernandez-Palomo
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (S.S.); (C.F.-P.); (R.H.); (J.F.); (S.T.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Ruslan Hlushchuk
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (S.S.); (C.F.-P.); (R.H.); (J.F.); (S.T.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Jennifer Fazzari
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (S.S.); (C.F.-P.); (R.H.); (J.F.); (S.T.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Stefan Tschanz
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (S.S.); (C.F.-P.); (R.H.); (J.F.); (S.T.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Paolo Pellicioli
- Biomedical Beamline ID17, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble, France; (P.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Michael Krisch
- Biomedical Beamline ID17, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38043 Grenoble, France; (P.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Jean A. Laissue
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (S.S.); (C.F.-P.); (R.H.); (J.F.); (S.T.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Valentin Djonov
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; (S.S.); (C.F.-P.); (R.H.); (J.F.); (S.T.); (J.A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-31-631-84-32
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