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Brimmo AT, Menachery A, Sukumar P, Qasaimeh MA. Noncontact Multiphysics Probe for Spatiotemporal Resolved Single-Cell Manipulation and Analyses. Small 2021; 17:e2100801. [PMID: 34008302 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heterogeneity and spatial arrangement of individual cells within tissues are critical to the identity of the host multicellular organism. While current single-cell techniques are capable of resolving heterogeneity, they mostly rely on extracting target cells from their physiological environment and hence lose the spatiotemporal resolution required for understanding cellular networks. Here, a multifunctional noncontact scanning probe that can precisely perform multiple manipulation procedures on living single-cells, while within their physiological tissue environment, is demonstrated. The noncontact multiphysics probe (NMP) consists of fluidic apertures and "hump" shaped electrodes that simultaneously confine reagents and electric signals with a single-cell resolution. The NMP's unique electropermealization-based approach in transferring macromolecules through the cell membrane is presented. The technology's adjustable spatial ability is demonstrated by transfecting adjacent single-cells with different DNA plasmid vectors. The NMP technology also opens the door for controllable cytoplasm extraction from living single-cells. This powerful application is demonstrated by executing multiple time point biopsies on adherent cells without affecting the integrity of the extracted macromolecules or the viability of cells. Furthermore, the NMP's function as an electro-thermal based microfluidic whole-cell tweezer is reported. This work offers a multifunctional tool with unprecedented probing features for spatiotemporal single-cell analysis within tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoola T Brimmo
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Anoop Menachery
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Pavithra Sukumar
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohammad A Qasaimeh
- Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, UAE
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
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Voith von Voithenberg L, Kashyap A, Opitz L, Aquino C, Sykes T, Nieser M, Petrini LFT, Enrriquez Casimiro N, van Kooten XF, Biskup S, Schlapbach R, Schraml P, Kaigala GV. Mapping Spatial Genetic Landscapes in Tissue Sections through Microscale Integration of Sampling Methodology into Genomic Workflows. Small 2021; 17:e2007901. [PMID: 33852760 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In cancer research, genomic profiles are often extracted from homogenized macrodissections of tissues, with the histological context lost and a large fraction of material underutilized. Pertinently, the spatial genomic landscape provides critical complementary information in deciphering disease heterogeneity and progression. Microscale sampling methods such as microdissection to obtain such information are often destructive to a sizeable fraction of the biopsy sample, thus showing limited multiplexability and adaptability to different assays. A modular microfluidic technology is here implemented to recover cells at the microscale from tumor tissue sections, with minimal disruption of unsampled areas and tailored to interface with genome profiling workflows, which is directed here toward evaluating intratumoral genomic heterogeneity. The integrated workflow-GeneScape-is used to evaluate heterogeneity in a metastatic mammary carcinoma, showing distinct single nucleotide variants and copy number variations in different tumor tissue regions, suggesting the polyclonal origin of the metastasis as well as development driven by multiple location-specific drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aditya Kashyap
- IBM Research Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, Rüschlikon, CH-8803, Switzerland
| | - Lennart Opitz
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Catharine Aquino
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Timothy Sykes
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Maike Nieser
- Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 23, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Saskia Biskup
- Center for Genomics and Transcriptomics, Paul-Ehrlich-Str. 23, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralph Schlapbach
- Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich, CH-8057, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schraml
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstr. 12, Zurich, CH-8091, Switzerland
| | - Govind V Kaigala
- IBM Research Europe, Säumerstrasse 4, Rüschlikon, CH-8803, Switzerland
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Shinha K, Nihei W, Kimura H. A Microfluidic Probe Integrated Device for Spatiotemporal 3D Chemical Stimulation in Cells. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:mi11070691. [PMID: 32708814 PMCID: PMC7408473 DOI: 10.3390/mi11070691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Numerous in vitro studies have been conducted in conventional static cell culture systems. However, most of the results represent an average response from a population of cells regardless of their local microenvironment. A microfluidic probe is a non-contact technology that has been widely used to perform local chemical stimulation within a restricted space, providing elaborated modulation and analysis of cellular responses within the microenvironment. Although microfluidic probes developed earlier have various potential applications, the two-dimensional structure can compromise their functionality and flexibility for practical use. In this study, we developed a three-dimensional microfluidic probe integrated device equipped with vertically oriented microchannels to overcome crucial challenges and tested the potential utility of the device in biological research. We demonstrated that the device tightly regulated spatial diffusion of a fluorescent molecule, and the flow profile predicted by simulation replicated the experimental results. Additionally, the device modulated the physiological Ca2+ response of cells within the restricted area by altering the local and temporal concentrations of biomolecules such as ATP. The novel device developed in this study may provide various applications for biological studies and contribute to further understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying cellular physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Shinha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan; (K.S.); (W.N.)
| | - Wataru Nihei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan; (K.S.); (W.N.)
- Micro/Nano Technology Center (MNTC), Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan; (K.S.); (W.N.)
- Micro/Nano Technology Center (MNTC), Tokai University, 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-463-58-1211
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Feng S, Shirani E, Inglis DW. Droplets for Sampling and Transport of Chemical Signals in Biosensing: A Review. Biosensors (Basel) 2019; 9:E80. [PMID: 31226857 PMCID: PMC6627903 DOI: 10.3390/bios9020080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The chemical, temporal, and spatial resolution of chemical signals that are sampled and transported with continuous flow is limited because of Taylor dispersion. Droplets have been used to solve this problem by digitizing chemical signals into discrete segments that can be transported for a long distance or a long time without loss of chemical, temporal or spatial precision. In this review, we describe Taylor dispersion, sampling theory, and Laplace pressure, and give examples of sampling probes that have used droplets to sample or/and transport fluid from a continuous medium, such as cell culture or nerve tissue, for external analysis. The examples are categorized, as follows: (1) Aqueous-phase sampling with downstream droplet formation; (2) preformed droplets for sampling; and (3) droplets formed near the analyte source. Finally, strategies for downstream sample recovery for conventional analysis are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilun Feng
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Elham Shirani
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - David W Inglis
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Nanoscale BioPhotonics (CNBP), Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
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Kang W, McNaughton RL, Yavari F, Minary-Jolandan M, Safi A, Espinosa HD. Microfluidic parallel patterning and cellular delivery of molecules with a nanofountain probe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 19:100-9. [PMID: 23897012 DOI: 10.1177/2211068213495395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This brief report describes a novel tool for microfluidic patterning of biomolecules and delivery of molecules into cells. The microdevice is based on integration of nanofountain probe (NFP) chips with packaging that creates a closed system and enables operation in liquid. The packaged NFP can be easily coupled to a micro/nano manipulator or atomic force microscope for precise position and force control. We demonstrate here the functionality of the device for continuous direct-write parallel patterning on a surface in air and in liquid. Because of the small volume of the probes (~3 pL), we can achieve flow rates as low as 1 fL/s and have dispensed liquid drops with submicron to 10 µm diameters in a liquid environment. Furthermore, we demonstrate that this microdevice can be used for delivery of molecules into single cells by transient permeabilization of the cell membrane (i.e., electroporation). The significant advantage of NFP-based electroporation compared with bulk electroporation and other transfection techniques is that it allows for precise and targeted delivery while minimizing stress to the cell. We discuss the ongoing development of the tool toward automated operation and its potential as a multifunctional device for microarray applications and time-dependent single-cell studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmo Kang
- 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Kang W, Yavari F, Minary-Jolandan M, Giraldo-Vela JP, Safi A, McNaughton RL, Parpoil V, Espinosa HD. Nanofountain probe electroporation (NFP-E) of single cells. Nano Lett 2013; 13:2448-57. [PMID: 23650871 PMCID: PMC3736975 DOI: 10.1021/nl400423c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to precisely deliver molecules into single cells is of great interest to biotechnology researchers for advancing applications in therapeutics, diagnostics, and drug delivery toward the promise of personalized medicine. The use of bulk electroporation techniques for cell transfection has increased significantly in the past decade, but the technique is nonspecific and requires high voltage, resulting in variable efficiency and low cell viability. We have developed a new tool for electroporation using nanofountain probe (NFP) technology, which can deliver molecules into cells in a manner that is highly efficient and gentler to cells than bulk electroporation or microinjection. Here we demonstrate NFP electroporation (NFP-E) of single HeLa cells within a population by transfecting them with fluorescently labeled dextran and imaging the cells to evaluate the transfection efficiency and cell viability. Our theoretical analysis of the mechanism of NFP-E reveals that application of the voltage creates a localized electric field between the NFP cantilever tip and the region of the cell membrane in contact with the tip. Therefore, NFP-E can deliver molecules to a target cell with minimal effect of the electric potential on the cell. Our experiments on HeLa cells confirm that NFP-E offers single cell selectivity, high transfection efficiency (>95%), qualitative dosage control, and very high viability (92%) of transfected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonmo Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- iNfinitesimal LLC, Winnetka, IL 60093, USA
| | - Fazel Yavari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Majid Minary-Jolandan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | | | - Asmahan Safi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Rebecca L. McNaughton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- iNfinitesimal LLC, Winnetka, IL 60093, USA
| | | | - Horacio D. Espinosa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Corresponding author: , Phone: 847-467-5989; Fax: 847-491-3915
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