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Yoshida E, Aoki K, Sasaki Y, Izuhara H, Takahashi T, Fujiwara Y, Fujie T, Du K, Eto K, Shinoda Y, Kaji T. Comparative study of susceptibility to methylmercury cytotoxicity in cell types composing rat peripheral nerves: a higher susceptibility of dorsal root ganglion neurons. J Toxicol Sci 2024; 49:241-248. [PMID: 38692911 DOI: 10.2131/jts.49.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Methylmercury is an environmental polluting organometallic compound that exhibits neurotoxicity, as observed in Minamata disease patients. Methylmercury damages peripheral nerves in Minamata patients, causing more damage to sensory nerves than motor nerves. Peripheral nerves are composed of three cell types: dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells, anterior horn cells (AHCs), and Schwann cells. In this study, we compared cultured these three cell types derived from the rat for susceptibility to methylmercury cytotoxicity, intracellular accumulation of mercury, expression of L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1), which transports methylmercury into cells, and expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), which transports methylmercury-glutathione conjugates into the extracellular space. Of the cells examined, we found that DRG cells were the most susceptible to methylmercury with markedly higher intracellular accumulation of mercury. The constitutive level of LAT1 was higher and that of MRP2 lower in DRG cells compared with those in AHC and Schwann cells. Additionally, decreased cell viability caused by methylmercury was significantly reduced by either the LAT1 inhibitor, JPH203, or siRNA-mediated knockdown of LAT1. On the other hand, an MRP2 inhibitor, MK571, significantly intensified the decrease in the cell viability caused by methylmercury. Our results provide a cellular basis for sensory neve predominant injury in the peripheral nerves of Minamata disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiko Yoshida
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
- Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry
| | - Kazuhiro Aoki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Yu Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Hinako Izuhara
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | | | | | - Tomoya Fujie
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
| | - Ke Du
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, China
| | - Komyo Eto
- Health and Nursing Facilities for the Aged, Jushindai, Shinwakai
| | - Yo Shinoda
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences
| | - Toshiyuki Kaji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science
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Mizoi K, Okada R, Mashimo A, Masuda N, Itoh M, Ishida S, Yamazaki D, Ogihara T. Novel Screening System for Biliary Excretion of Drugs Using Human Cholangiocyte Organoid Monolayers with Directional Drug Transport. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:427-433. [PMID: 38369341 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
It has recently been reported that cholangiocyte organoids can be established from primary human hepatocytes. The purpose of this study was to culture the organoids in monolayers on inserts to investigate the biliary excretory capacity of drugs. Cholangiocyte organoids prepared from hepatocytes had significantly higher mRNA expression of CK19, a bile duct epithelial marker, compared to hepatocytes. The organoids also expressed mRNA for efflux transporters involved in biliary excretion of drugs, P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). The subcellular localization of each protein was observed. These results suggest that the membrane-cultured cholangiocyte organoids are oriented with the upper side being the apical membrane side (A side, bile duct lumen side) and the lower side being the basolateral membrane side (B side, hepatocyte side), and that each efflux transporter is localized to the apical membrane side. Transport studies showed that the permeation rate from the B side to the A side was faster than from the A side to the B side for the substrates of each efflux transporter, but this directionality disappeared in the presence of inhibitor of each transporter. In conclusion, the cholangiocyte organoid monolayer system has the potential to quantitatively evaluate the biliary excretion of drugs. The results of the present study represent an unprecedented system using human cholangiocyte organoids, which may be useful as a screening model to directly quantify the contribution of biliary excretion to the clearance of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Mizoi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
- School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare
| | - Ryo Okada
- JSR-Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center (JKiC), JSR Corporation
| | - Arisa Mashimo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
- Kendai Translational Research Center (KTRC)
| | - Norio Masuda
- MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL LABORATORIES CO., LTD. (MBL)
| | - Manabu Itoh
- JSR-Keio University Medical and Chemical Innovation Center (JKiC), JSR Corporation
| | - Seiichi Ishida
- Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Sojo University
| | - Daiju Yamazaki
- Division of Pharmacology, Center for Biological Safety and Research, National Institute of Health Sciences
| | - Takuo Ogihara
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare
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Takanezawa Y, Sakai K, Nakamura R, Ohshiro Y, Uraguchi S, Kiyono M. Inhibition of p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases Attenuates Methylmercury Toxicity in SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:1203-1210. [PMID: 37661399 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) is a toxic metal that causes irreversible damage to the nervous system, making it a risk factor for neuronal degeneration and diseases. MeHg activates various cell signaling pathways, particularly the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, which are believed to be important determinants of stress-induced cell fate. However, little is known about the signaling pathways that mitigate the neurotoxic effects of MeHg. Herein, we showed that pretreatment with a p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor, SB203580, attenuates MeHg toxicity in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, whereas pretreatment with the extracellular signaling-regulated kinase inhibitor U0126 and the c-Jun N-terminal kinase inhibitor SP600125 does not. Specifically, we quantified the levels of intracellular mercury (Hg) and found that pretreatment with SB203580 reduced Hg levels compared to MeHg treatment alone. Further analysis showed that pretreatment with SB203580 increased multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) mRNA levels after MeHg treatment. These results indicate that detoxification of MeHg by p38 MAPK inhibitors may involve an efflux function of MeHg by inducing MRP2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazuma Sakai
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | - Ryosuke Nakamura
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | - Yuka Ohshiro
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | - Shimpei Uraguchi
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
| | - Masako Kiyono
- Department of Public Health, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University
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Guan H, Li P, Wang Q, Zeng F, Wu J, Zhang F, Liao S, Shi Y. Deciphering the chemical constituents of Shengjiang Xiexin decoction by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry and the impact of 20 characteristic components on multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 in the vesicular transport assay. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:3459-3479. [PMID: 35838583 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Shengjiang Xiexin decoction, a traditional Chinese medical formula, has been utilized to alleviate the delayed-onset diarrhea induced by irinotecan. However, the chemical constituents of this formula and the activities of its constituents remain unclear. In this study, an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry was employed to comprehensively analyze the chemical constituents of Shengjiang Xiexin decoction. A total of 270 components including flavonoids, coumarins, triterpenoids, alkaloids, diarylheptanoids and others were identified or characterized. The multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 is an efflux transporter responsible for regulating drug absorption. A total of 20 characteristic components from the formula were selected to evaluate their effects on the function of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 using the vesicular transport assay. Glycyrrhizic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid were identified as potential multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 inhibitors, while 9 flavonoid aglycones increased the uptake of the substrate [3 H]-estradiol 17-β-glucuronide in the vesicles. This was the first systematical investigation on the chemical constituents from Shengjiang Xiexin decoction and the effect of its characteristic components on the transporter. The results offered a basis for further exploring the detoxification mechanisms of this formula and its interactions with other drugs. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyu Guan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.,State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China.,National Institute of Drug Clinical Trial, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guizhou, 550002, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Fanli Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Jiashuo Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Fangqing Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanggao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, China
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Chen J, Wu H, Tang X, Chen L. 4-Phenylbutyrate protects against rifampin-induced liver injury via regulating MRP2 ubiquitination through inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress. Bioengineered 2022; 13:2866-2877. [PMID: 35045794 PMCID: PMC8974152 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2024970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rifampin (RFP), a first-line anti-tuberculosis drug, often induces cholestatic liver injury and hyperbilirubinemia which limits its clinical use. Multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) localizes to the hepatocyte apical membrane and plays a pivotal role in the biliary excretion of bilirubin glucuronides. RFP is discovered to reduce MRP2 expression in liver cells. 4-Phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), a drug used to treat ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (DILI), is reported to alleviate RFP-induced liver cell injury. However, the underlying mechanism still remains unclear. In the current study, we discovered that RFP induced HepG2 cell viability reduction, apoptosis and MRP2 ubiquitination degradation. Administration of 4-PBA alleviated the effect of RFP on HepG2 cell viability reduction, apoptosis and MRP2 ubiquitination degradation. In mechanism, 4-PBA suppressed RPF-caused intracellular Ca2+ disorder and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, as well as the increases of Clathrin and adapter protein 2 (AP2). ER stress marker protein C/EBP homologous protein took part in the modulation of AP2 and clathrin. Besides, 4-PBA reduced the serum bilirubin level in RFP-induced cholestasis mouse model, along with raised the MRP2 expression in liver tissues. These findings indicated that 4-PBA could alleviate RFP-induced cholestatic liver injury and thereby decreased serum total bilirubin concentration via inhibiting ER stress and ubiquitination degradation of MRP2, which provides new insights into the mechanism of 4-PBA in the treatment of RFP-induced cholestasis and liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hongbo Wu
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, P.R. China
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Fu D, Cardona P, Ho H, Watkins PB, Brouwer KLR. Novel Mechanisms of Valproate Hepatotoxicity: Impaired Mrp2 Trafficking and Hepatocyte Depolarization. Toxicol Sci 2019; 171:431-442. [PMID: 31368504 PMCID: PMC6760262 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfz154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a major challenge in drug development. Although numerous mechanisms for DILI have been identified, few studies have focused on loss of hepatocyte polarization as a DILI mechanism. The current study investigated the effects of valproate, an antiepileptic drug with DILI risk, on the cellular mechanisms responsible for loss of hepatocyte polarization. Fully polarized collagen sandwich-cultured rat hepatocytes were treated with valproate (1-20mM) for specified times (3-24hr). Hepatocyte viability was significantly decreased by 10mM and 20mM valproate. Valproate depolarized hepatocytes, even at non-cytotoxic concentrations (=5mM). Depolarization was associated with significantly decreased canalicular levels of multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) resulting in reduced canalicular excretion of the Mrp2 substrate carboxydichlorofluorescein. The decreased canalicular Mrp2 was associated with intracellular accumulation of Mrp2 in Rab11-positive recycling endosomes and early endosomes. Mechanistic studies suggested that valproate inhibited canalicular trafficking of Mrp2. This effect of valproate on Mrp2 appeared to be selective in that valproate had less impact on canalicular levels of the bile salt export pump (Bsep) and no detectable effect on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) canalicular levels. Treatment with valproate for 24hr also significantly downregulated levels of tight junction-associated protein, zonula occludens 2 (ZO2), but appeared to have no effect on the levels of tight junction proteins claudin 1, claudin 2, occludin, ZO1 and ZO3. These findings reveal that two novel mechanisms may contribute to valproate hepatotoxicity: impaired canalicular trafficking of Mrp2 and disruption of ZO2-associated hepatocyte polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Fu
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Panli Cardona
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Henry Ho
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Paul B Watkins
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Wu L, Zhang W, Jia S, Zhao X, Zhou D, Xu A, Duan W, Wu Z, Li H, Zheng S, Nan Y, Jia J, Huang J, Ou X. Mutation analysis of the ABCC2 gene in Chinese patients with Dubin-Johnson syndrome. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4201-4206. [PMID: 30344695 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dubin-Johnson syndrome (DJS) is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by predominantly conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, caused by a mutation in the adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette subfamily C member 2 (ABCC2) gene coding the multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) protein. ABCC2 mutations have been identified in patients with DJS worldwide; however, the mutation pattern of ABCC2 in China is not well studied. In the present study, the mutation pattern of the ABCC2 gene in Chinese patients with DJS was investigated. A total of 7 clinically confirmed patients with DJS were enrolled, and mutation analysis of the ABCC2 gene was performed by Sanger sequencing of genomic DNA extracted from whole blood. All 32 exons and the adjacent splice junction areas were sequenced. All cases were identified to harbor at least one non-synonymous variant in the ABCC2 gene, including three known mutations in 3 cases and three novel variants (p.G693R, p.G808V and p.E647X) in the other 4 cases, with the known p.R393W and the novel p.G693R and p.E647X variants identified in 2 of the 7 cases (28.6%), respectively. All the identified mutations were heterozygous, and 1 case presented with a compound heterozygous mutation, namely p.G693R/p.G808V, while the other cases carried only one single mutation. The loss of membrane expression of MRP2 caused by the novel nonsense variant, p.E647X, was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis of liver biopsy. The present study provided the first report on the mutation patterns of the ABCC2 gene in Chinese patients with DJS, and the clinical association of these mutations with the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Wu
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Jia
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xinyan Zhao
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Donghu Zhou
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Anjian Xu
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Weijia Duan
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Hai Li
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin 300192, P.R. China
| | - Sujun Zheng
- Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Yuemin Nan
- Department of Traditional and Western Medical Hepatology, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050051, P.R. China
| | - Jidong Jia
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojuan Ou
- Liver Research Center, Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Liu J, Hou LL, Zhao CY. Effect of YHHJ on the expression of the hepatocellular bile acid transporters multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and bile salt export pump in ethinylestradiol-induced cholestasis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:3699-3704. [PMID: 29563980 PMCID: PMC5858118 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.5891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The herbal medicine Yin Huang Mixture (YHHJ; patent no. 200910031240.7) is an aqueous extract composed from various herbs, including Artemisia capillaries Thunb, Hypericum japonicum Thunb, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, Rheum officinale Baill, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis, Poria cocos Wolf and Dictamnus dasycarpus Turcz. Previous studies have indicated that YHHJ treatment has a beneficial effect on ameliorating itching and reducing serum bile acid levels in patients with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). However, the molecular mechanisms of action of YHHJ in ICP have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study investigated an experimental hepatocellular cholestasis model to explore the regulatory role of YHHJ on the expression of the bile acid carriers, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) and the bile salt export pump (BSEP). Initially, 5 mg/kg/day 17-α ethinylestradiol (EE) was used to induce cholestasis in rats and primary isolated rat hepatocytes. Subsequently, 9 or 36 g/kg/day YHHJ water extract was administrated. Blood samples were collected and serum biochemical parameters of total bile acids (TBA), total bilirubin (TBil), alanine transaminase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were determined. Rat livers and primary isolated rat hepatocytes were obtained and the protein and mRNA expression levels of MRP2 and BSEP were analyzed by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Results revealed that EE-induced hepatocellular cholestasis was associated with a significant increase in serum TBA and TBil levels, whereas, YHHJ treatment significantly reversed this effect (P<0.01). Further experiments on the molecular mechanism revealed that EE significantly decreased the expression of MRP2 and BSEP compared with the control group, whereas YHHJ treatment significantly upregulated MRP2 and BSEP expression in vivo and in vitro compared with no YHHJ treatment (P<0.01). In addition, to establish whether upregulation of MRP2 and BSEP protein expression levels resulted from increased expression of their respective mRNA, the mRNA expression levels were determined. Results indicated that YHHJ treatment significantly increased MRP2 and BSEP mRNA expression levels in EE-induced hepatocellular cholestasis compared with no YHHJ treatment (P<0.01). In conclusion, the present findings suggest that YHHJ effects EE-induced cholestasis and this process may be mediated through regulating hepatobiliary transporters, MRP2 and BSEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Hou
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
| | - Cui-Ying Zhao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, P.R. China
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Sun XY, Duan ZJ, Liu Z, Tang SX, Li Y, He SC, Wang QM, Chang QY. Inhibition of P-glycoprotein, multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and cytochrome P450 3A4 improves the oral absorption of octreotide in rats with portal hypertension. Exp Ther Med 2017; 12:3716-3722. [PMID: 28105103 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to increase the intestinal transport of octreotide (OCT) by targeting the first-pass impact to identify a potential method for decreasing portal vein pressure (PVP) using oral OCT. Thus, the bioavailability of intestinally absorbed OCT was evaluated in normal rats and rats with portal hypertension (PH) that had been administered P-glycoprotein/multidrug resistance-associated protein 2/cytochrome P450 3A4 (P-gp/MRP2/CYP3A4) inhibitors. The mRNA and protein expression levels of P-gp, MRP2 and CYP3A4 were evaluated in normal and PH rats with or without OCT and the inhibitors using RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. The potential effects of the inhibitor administration on PVP were also examined. The results suggest that P-gp, MRP2 and CYP3A4 play important roles in prohibiting the enteral absorption of OCT, particularly under a PH environment. Moreover, inhibitors of P-gp, MRP2 and CYP3A4 decrease the first-pass effects of OCT and effectively reduce PVP under PH conditions. Therefore, the present results suggest P-gp, MRP2 and CYP3A4 are key factors in the intestinal absorption of OCT. The inhibition of P-gp, MRP2 and CYP3A4 can markedly decrease the first-pass effects of OCT, and their use may facilitate the use of orally administered OCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yu Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jun Duan
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Shun-Xiong Tang
- Department of Invasive Technology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P.R. China; Department of Breast Surgery, Liaoning Cancer Hospital & Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Shou-Cheng He
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Ming Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Yong Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning 116001, P.R. China
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Cheong J, Halladay JS, Plise E, Sodhi JK, Salphati L. The Effects of Drug Metabolizing Enzyme Inhibitors on Hepatic Efflux and Uptake Transporters. Drug Metab Lett 2017; 11:111-118. [PMID: 29032766 DOI: 10.2174/1872312811666171010101248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 10/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-selective chemical inhibitors of phase I and phase II enzymes are commonly used in in vitro metabolic studies to elucidate the biotransformation pathways of drugs. However, the inhibition of the inhibitors on efflux and uptake transporters is not well investigated, potentially leading to unexpected and ambiguous results in these studies. OBJECTIVE The commonly used metabolizing enzyme inhibitors, 1-aminobenzotriazole (ABT), SKF- 525A, pargyline, allopurinol, menadione, methimazole, piperine and raloxifene, were examined for their potential inhibition of the major hepatic ABC (ATP binding cassette) and SLC (solute carrier) transporters. METHODS Different concentrations of the metabolizing enzyme inhibitors were used to study their effects on ABC and SLC transporters expressed in MDR1-MDCKI, Bcrp1-MDCKII, OATP1B1-HEK, OATP1B3-HEK, OCT1-HEK, OCT3-HEK cells and MRP2 vesicles. RESULTS ABT, allopurinol and methimazole had no inhibitory effects on MDR1, Bcrp1, MRP2 or on OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OCT1 or OCT3. Pargyline did not inhibit OATP1B1 or OATP1B3, but weakly inhibited OCT1 and OCT3. In contrast, SKF-525A showed inhibition of not only MDR1, Bcrp1 and MRP2 but also OATP1B1, OATP1B3 and OCT1. Menadione and raloxifene weakly inhibited Bcrp1, but the inhibition of raloxifene on MDR1 was as potent as on the xanthine oxidase pterin oxidation. Piperine showed inhibition of MDR1, Bcrp1, OATP1B1, OCT1 and OCT3. CONCLUSION ABT, pargyline, allopurinol and methimazole have no inhibitory effects on the studied ABC and SLC transporters, suggesting the inhibitors are unlikely to cause confounding inhibition of transporters when used in metabolism studies. However, SKF525A, menadione, raloxifene and piperine can inhibit the activities of ABC and/or SLC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Cheong
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jason S Halladay
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States
- Plexxikon, Inc., 91 Bolivar Avenue, Berkeley, CA 94170, United States
| | - Emile Plise
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jasleen K Sodhi
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 533 Parnassus Avenue, Room U-68, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States
| | - Laurent Salphati
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Genentech, Inc. South San Francisco, CA, United States
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11
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Li M, Soroka CJ, Harry K, Boyer JL. CFTR-associated ligand is a negative regulator of Mrp2 expression. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 312:C40-C46. [PMID: 27834195 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00100.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) is an ATP-binding cassette transporter that transports a wide variety of organic anions across the apical membrane of epithelial cells. The expression of Mrp2 on the plasma membrane is regulated by protein-protein interactions. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-associated ligand (CAL) interacts with transmembrane proteins via its PDZ domain and reduces their cell surface expression by increasing lysosomal degradation and intracellular retention. Our results showed that CAL is localized at the trans-Golgi network of rat hepatocytes. The expression of CAL is increased, and Mrp2 expression is decreased, in the liver of mice deficient in sodium/hydrogen exchanger regulatory factor-1. To determine whether CAL interacts with Mrp2 and is involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of Mrp2, we used glutathione S-transferase (GST) fusion proteins with or without the COOH-terminal PDZ binding motif of Mrp2 as the bait in GST pull-down assays. We demonstrated that Mrp2 binds to CAL via its COOH-terminal PDZ-binding motif in GST pull-down assays, an interaction verified by coimmunoprecipitation of these two proteins in cotransfected COS-7 cells. In COS-7 and LLC-PK1 cells transfected with Mrp2 alone, only a mature, high-molecular-mass band of Mrp2 was detected. However, when cells were cotransfected with Mrp2 and CAL, Mrp2 was expressed as both mature and immature forms. Biotinylation and streptavidin pull-down assays confirmed that CAL dramatically reduces the expression level of total and cell surface Mrp2 in Huh-7 cells. Our findings suggest that CAL interacts with Mrp2 and is a negative regulator of Mrp2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Li
- The Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Carol J Soroka
- The Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Kathy Harry
- The Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - James L Boyer
- The Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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12
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Neumanova Z, Cerveny L, Ceckova M, Staud F. Role of ABCB1, ABCG2, ABCC2 and ABCC5 transporters in placental passage of zidovudine. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2016; 37:28-38. [PMID: 26390406 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.1993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Zidovudine (AZT) is one of the most frequently used antiretroviral drugs in prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV. However, safety concerns on AZT use in pregnancy still persist as severe side effects are associated with AZT exposure in children. In our study we aimed to contribute to current knowledge on AZT transplacental transport and to evaluate potential involvement of the main human drug efflux ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, p-glycoprotein (ABCB1), breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) and multidrug resistance-associated proteins 2 and 5 (ABCC2 and ABCC5) in the disposition of AZT between mother and fetus. In order to elucidate this issue we investigated the effect of selected ABC transporters on AZT transepithelial transport across MDCKII cell monolayers. In addition we used the in situ method of dually perfused rat term placenta to further study the role of ABC transporters in AZT transplacental transport. In vitro studies revealed significant effect of ABCB1 and ABCG2 on AZT transport which was subsequently confirmed also on organ level. Lamivudine, an antiretroviral agent commonly co-administered with AZT, did not affect ABC transporter-mediated AZT transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Neumanova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Cerveny
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Ceckova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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13
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Kong LL, Shen GL, Wang ZY, Zhuang XM, Xiao WB, Yuan M, Gong ZH, Li H. Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein and Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2 Regulates the Hepatobiliary Excretion and Plasma Exposure of Thienorphine and Its Glucuronide Conjugate. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:242. [PMID: 27555820 PMCID: PMC4977286 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thienorphine (TNP) is a novel partial opioid agonist that has completed phase II clinical evaluation as a promising drug candidate for the treatment of opioid dependence. Previous studies have shown that TNP and its glucuronide conjugate (TNP-G) undergo significant bile excretion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of efflux transporters in regulating biliary excretion and plasma exposure of TNP and TNP-G. An ATPase assay suggested that TNP and TNP-G were substrates of P-gp and MRP2, respectively. The in vitro data from rat hepatocytes showed that bile excretion of TNP and TNP-G was regulated by the P-gp and MRP2 modulators. The accumulation of TNP and TNP-G in HepG2 cells significantly increased by the treatment of mdr1a or MRP2 siRNA for P-gp or MRP2 modulation. In intact rats, the bile excretion, and pharmacokinetic profiles of TNP and TNP-G were remarkably changed with tariquidar and probenecid pretreatment, respectively. Tariquidar increased the Cmax and AUC0-t and decreased MRT and T1/2 of TNP, whereas probenecid decreased the plasma exposure of TNP-G and increased its T1/2. Knockdown P-gp and MRP2 function using siRNA significantly increased the plasma exposure of TNP and TNP-G and reduced their mean retention time in mice. These results indicated the important roles of P-gp and MRP2 in hepatobiliary excretion and plasma exposure of TNP and TNP-G. Inhibition of the efflux transporters may affect the pharmacokinetics of TNP and result in a drug-drug interaction between TNP and the concomitant transporter inhibitor or inducer in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Lei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Centre for Pharmaceutical Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing, China
| | - Guo-Lin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijing, China; Research Center for Import-Export Chemicals Safety of General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of People's Republic of China, Chinese Academy of Inspection and QuarantineBeijing, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Mei Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Bin Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing, China
| | - Ze-Hui Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing, China
| | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology Beijing, China
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14
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Chen YJ, Chen SY, Lovel R, Ku YC, Lai YH, Hung CL, Li YF, Lu YC, Tai CK. Enhancing chemosensitivity in oral squamous cell carcinoma by lentivirus vector-mediated RNA interference targeting EGFR and MRP2. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2107-2114. [PMID: 27602148 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the eighth most common type of cancer among men worldwide, with an age-standardized rate of 6.3 per 100,000, and is the fourth leading cause of cancer-associated mortality among men in Taiwan. Cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are two of the most frequently utilized chemotherapy drugs for the treatment of oral cancer. Although oral cancer patients initially benefit from chemotherapy with these drugs, they may develop resistance to them, which worsens their prognosis and reduces survival rates. It has been reported that increased levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) induce drug resistance in numerous types of human cancer. Therefore, the present study employed lentivirus vector-mediated RNA interference (RNAi) in order to target the genes encoding EGFR and MRP2 in the oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line OC2. It was observed that RNAi-mediated downregulation of EGFR or MRP2 increased the sensitivity to 5-FU and cisplatin in OC2 cells. Downregulation of EGFR resulted in significant suppression of OC2 tumor growth following 5-FU administration. However, simultaneous downregulation of the two genes did not further suppress the tumor growth, indicating that MRP2 does not have a significant role in the chemosensitivity of EGFR-downregulated cells to 5-FU. In contrast, downregulation of MRP2 was demonstrated to significantly enhance the therapeutic effects of cisplatin in EGFR-downregulated OC2 tumors. The observation that the expression of MRP2 was positively correlated with the level of cisplatin resistance in cells suggests that RNAi-mediated downregulation of MRP2 may be applicable as a therapeutic approach toward reversing MRP2-dependent cisplatin resistance in oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ju Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institutes of Molecular Biology and Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shiuan-Yin Chen
- Department of Life Science and Institutes of Molecular Biology and Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ronald Lovel
- Department of Life Science and Institutes of Molecular Biology and Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Chu Ku
- Department of Life Science and Institutes of Molecular Biology and Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yi-Hui Lai
- Department of Life Science and Institutes of Molecular Biology and Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chiao-Ling Hung
- Department of Life Science and Institutes of Molecular Biology and Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yu-Fen Li
- Institute of Biostatistics, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yin-Che Lu
- Department of Life Science and Institutes of Molecular Biology and Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Division of Hematology-Oncology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi 60002, Taiwan, R.O.C.; Department of Health and Nutrition, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan 71710, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chien-Kuo Tai
- Department of Life Science and Institutes of Molecular Biology and Biomedical Science, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, R.O.C
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15
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Zhang W, Zhou H, Yu Y, Li J, Li H, Jiang D, Chen Z, Yang D, Xu Z, Yu Z. Combination of gambogic acid with cisplatin enhances the antitumor effects on cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells by downregulating MRP2 and LRP expression. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:3359-68. [PMID: 27330316 PMCID: PMC4898431 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s100936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin resistance is a main clinical problem of lung cancer therapy. Gambogic acid (GA) could prohibit the proliferation of a variety of human cancer cells. However, the effects of GA on cisplatin-resistant lung cancer are still unclear. The objective of the present study was to find out the antitumor effects of GA on cisplatin-resistant human lung cancer A549/DDP cells and further explore its underlying mechanisms. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to observe the impacts of GA and/or cisplatin on the proliferation of lung cancer cells; flow cytometry was used to detect the effects of GA on cell cycle and apoptosis; Western blot was used to examine the effects of GA on the expression of lung resistance protein (LRP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2) protein in A549/DDP cells. Our results showed that GA dose- and time-dependently prohibited the proliferation and induced significant cell apoptosis in A549 and A549/DDP cells. GA also induced G0/G1 arrest in both A549/DDP and A549 cells. Moreover, GA upregulated protein expression level of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax and downregulated protein expression level of pro-caspase-9 and Bcl-2 in time- and dose-dependent way in A549/DDP cells. GA combined with cisplatin enhanced the cells apoptotic rate and reduced the cisplatin resistance index in A549/DDP cells. In addition, GA reduced the MRP2 and LRP protein expression level in A549/DDP cells. GA inhibits the proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549/DDP cells. Combination of GA with cisplatin enhances the antitumor effects on cisplatin-resistant lung cancer cells by downregulating MRP2 and LRP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendian Zhang
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hechao Zhou
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yu
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Li
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiwen Li
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Danxian Jiang
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihong Chen
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghong Yang
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zumin Xu
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhonghua Yu
- Cancer Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China
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16
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Zhang J, Zhang M, Sun B, Li Y, Xu P, Liu C, Liu L, Liu X. Hyperammonemia enhances the function and expression of P-glycoprotein and Mrp2 at the blood-brain barrier through NF-κB. J Neurochem 2014; 131:791-802. [PMID: 25200138 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is considered to be the main neurotoxin responsible for hepatic encephalopathy resulting from liver failure. Liver failure has been reported to alter expression and activity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The aim of this study was to investigate whether ammonia is involved in abnormalities of expression and activity of P-gp and Mrp2 at the BBB. Hyperammonemic rats were developed by an intraperitoneal injection of ammonium acetate (NH4 Ac, 4.5 mmol/kg). Results showed that Mrp2 function markedly increased in cortex and hippocampus of rats at 6 h following NH4 Ac administration. Significant increase in function of P-gp was observed in hippocampus of rats. Meanwhile, such alterations were in line with the increase in mRNA and protein levels of P-gp and Mrp2. Significant increase in levels of nuclear amount of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 was also observed. Primarily cultured rat brain microvessel endothelial cells (rBMECs) were used for in vitro study. Data indicated that 24 h exposure to ammonia significantly increased function and expression of P-gp and Mrp2 in rBMECs, accompanied with activation of NF-κB. Furthermore, such alterations induced by ammonia were reversed by NF-κB inhibitor. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that hyperammonemia increases the function and expression of P-gp and Mrp2 at the BBB via activating NF-κB pathway. Hyperammonemia, a proverbial main factor responsible for neurocognitive disorder and blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction resulting from liver failure, could increase the expression and activity of P-glycoprotein and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (Mrp2) at the BBB both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the NF-κB activation stimulated by hyperammonemia may be the potential mechanism underlying such abnormalities induced by hyperammonemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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17
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Cherrington NJ, Estrada TE, Frisk HA, Canet MJ, Hardwick RN, Dvorak B, Lux K, Halpern MD. The hepatic bile acid transporters Ntcp and Mrp2 are downregulated in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G48-56. [PMID: 23125159 PMCID: PMC3543632 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00317.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency of premature infants and is characterized by an extensive hemorrhagic inflammatory necrosis of the distal ileum and proximal colon. We have previously shown that, during the development of experimental NEC, the liver plays an important role in regulating inflammation in the ileum, and accumulation of ileal bile acids (BA) along with dysregulation of ileal BA transporters contributes to ileal damage. Given these findings, we speculated that hepatic BA transporters would also be altered in experimental NEC. Using both rat and mouse models of NEC, levels of Cyp7a1, Cyp27a1, and the hepatic BA transporters Bsep, Ntcp, Oatp2, Oatp4, Mrp2, and Mrp3 were investigated. In addition, levels of hepatic BA transporters were also determined when the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-18, which are both elevated in NEC, are neutralized during disease development. Ntcp and Mrp2 were decreased in NEC, but elevated ileal BA levels were not responsible for these reductions. However, neutralization of TNF-α normalized Ntcp, whereas removal of IL-18 normalized Mrp2 levels. These data show that the hepatic transporters Ntcp and Mrp2 are downregulated, whereas Cyp27a1 is increased in rodent models of NEC. Furthermore, increased levels of TNF-α and IL-18 in experimental NEC may play a role in the regulation of Ntcp and Mrp2, respectively. These data suggest the gut-liver axis should be considered when therapeutic modalities for NEC are developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan J. Cherrington
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Teresa E. Estrada
- 2Department of Pediatrics and the Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona
| | - Harrison A. Frisk
- 2Department of Pediatrics and the Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona
| | - Mark J. Canet
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Rhiannon N. Hardwick
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; and
| | - Bohuslav Dvorak
- 2Department of Pediatrics and the Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona
| | - Katie Lux
- 2Department of Pediatrics and the Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona
| | - Melissa D. Halpern
- 2Department of Pediatrics and the Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson Arizona
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