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Gironi LC, Colombo E, Brusco A, Grosso E, Naretto VG, Guala A, Di Gregorio E, Zonta A, Zottarelli F, Pasini B, Savoia P. Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Inborn Pigmentary Disorders: First Report of Multilocus Syndrome in Piebaldism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55070345. [PMID: 31284637 PMCID: PMC6681376 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55070345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital sensorineural hearing loss may occur in association with inborn pigmentary defects of the iris, hair, and skin. These conditions, named auditory-pigmentary disorders (APDs), represent extremely heterogeneous hereditary diseases, including Waardenburg syndromes, oculocutaneous albinism, Tietz syndrome, and piebaldism. APDs are part of the neurocristopathies, a group of congenital multisystem disorders caused by an altered development of the neural crest cells, multipotent progenitors of a wide variety of different lineages, including those differentiating into peripheral nervous system glial cells and melanocytes. We report on clinical and genetic findings of two monozygotic twins from a large Albanian family who showed a complex phenotype featured by sensorineural congenital deafness, severe neuropsychiatric impairment, and inborn pigmentary defects of hair and skin. The genetic analyzes identified, in both probands, an unreported co-occurrence of a new heterozygous germline pathogenic variant (c.2484 + 5G > T splicing mutation) in the KIT gene, consistent with the diagnosis of piebaldism, and a heterozygous deletion at chromosome 15q13.3, responsible for the neuropsychiatric impairment. This case represents the first worldwide report of dual locus inherited syndrome in piebald patients affected by a complex auditory-pigmentary multisystem phenotype. Here we also synthesize the clinical and genetic findings of all known neurocristopathies characterized by a hypopigmentary congenital disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cristina Gironi
- Department of Health Sciences, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy.
| | - Enrico Colombo
- Department of Translational Medicine, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Grosso
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Valeria Giorgia Naretto
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Guala
- Maternal Infant Department, Castelli Hospital, 28922 Verbania, Italy
| | - Eleonora Di Gregorio
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Andrea Zonta
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Zottarelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Barbara Pasini
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10124 Torino, Italy
- Medical Genetics Unit, Città della Salute e della Scienza University Hospital, 10124 Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Savoia
- Department of Health Sciences, Amedeo Avogadro University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy
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