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Gonzálvez M, Moreno E, Pérez-Cutillas P, Gilbert T, Ortiz J, Valera F, Espeso G, Benzal J, Ibáñez B, Ruiz de Ybáñez MDR. Zoological institutions as hotspots of gastrointestinal parasites that may affect the success of ungulate reintroduction programmes. Vet Rec 2021; 189:e506. [PMID: 34047377 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ungulates from zoological institutions are frequently used as founders in reintroduction programmes. These animals are subject to specific parasite management as parasitic infections have previously been associated with failed Bovidae reintroductions. METHODS Questionnaires to obtain data on how these institutions screen for seasonal parasite presence and the clinical signs they induced in threatened ungulates were sent to 65 institutions involved in European Ex situ Programmes (58.5% response rate). Temperature and relative humidity data were also obtained to categorize each zoological centre. RESULTS Strongyloides spp. (52.6%), Trichuris spp. (42.1%), Trichostrongylidae family (39.4%) and Eimeria spp. (36.8%) were the most frequently reported parasites in the received questionnaires. Climatic variables did not influence parasite presence. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that artificial microenvironments created by husbandry practices and enclosure design in zoos could create hotspots for gastrointestinal parasites. To maximise the success of reintroduction projects, we recommend that the influence of microclimates on parasite burdens be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moisés Gonzálvez
- Dpto. Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Eulalia Moreno
- Dpto. Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, EEZA-CSIC, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Pedro Pérez-Cutillas
- Dpto. Geografía, Facultad de Letras, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Campus de La Merced, Murcia, 30001, Spain
| | - Tania Gilbert
- Marwell Wildlife, Colden Common, Winchester, SO21 1JH, UK.,Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Juana Ortiz
- Dpto. Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Francisco Valera
- Dpto. Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, EEZA-CSIC, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Gerardo Espeso
- Dpto. Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, EEZA-CSIC, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Jesús Benzal
- Dpto. Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, EEZA-CSIC, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - Belén Ibáñez
- Dpto. Ecología Funcional y Evolutiva, Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas, EEZA-CSIC, Ctra. de Sacramento s/n, Almería, 04120, Spain
| | - María Del Rocío Ruiz de Ybáñez
- Dpto. Sanidad Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Regional 'Campus Mare Nostrum', Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
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