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Boshoff WHP, Wood AR, Visser B, Bender CM, Joubert L, Richter J, Aime MC, Pretorius ZA. The life cycle of Puccinia digitariae on Digitaria eriantha and Solanum species in South Africa. Mycologia 2022; 114:319-336. [PMID: 35363583 DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2022.2031493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Rust fungi are important plant pathogens and have been extensively studied on crops and other host plants worldwide. This study describes the heterecious life cycle of a rust fungus on Digitaria eriantha (finger grass) and the Solanum species S. lichtensteinii (large yellow bitter apple), S. campylacanthum (bitter apple), and S. melongena (eggplant) in South Africa. Following field observations, inoculation studies involving telial isolates collected from Digitaria plants produced spermogonia and aecia on S. lichtensteinii, S. campylacanthum, and S. melongena. Likewise, inoculation of finger grass with aeciospores collected from the aforementioned Solanum species produced uredinia on D. eriantha. Pennisetum glaucum (pearl millet varieties Milkstar and Okashana, as well as 17 experimental lines) and S. elaeagnifolium (silverleaf nightshade or bitter apple) were resistant to the rust isolates. Morphological descriptions and molecular phylogenetic data confirmed the identity of the rust on Digitaria as P. digitariae, herein reinstated as a species and closely related to P. penicillariae the pearl millet rust, also reinstated. Puccinia digitariae has a macrocyclic, heterecious life cycle in which teliospores overwinter on dormant D. eriantha plants. Aecia sporulate on species of Solanum during spring and early summer to provide inocula that infect new growth of Digitaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem H P Boshoff
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Alan R Wood
- Plant Health and Protection, Agriculture Research Council, Stellenbosch 7599, South Africa.,Discipline of Plant Pathology, School of Agriculture, Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg 3209, South Africa
| | - Botma Visser
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Cornel M Bender
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Lize Joubert
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Jan Richter
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, Glen Agricultural College, Glen 9360, South Africa
| | - M Catherine Aime
- Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Zacharias A Pretorius
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
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Na S, Ying L, Jun C, Ya X, Suifeng Z, Yuxi H, Jing W, Zonglang L, Xiaojun Y, Yue W. Study on the molecular mechanism of nightshade in the treatment of colon cancer. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1575-1589. [PMID: 35012428 PMCID: PMC8805967 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2016045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study attempts to explore the effective components, action targets, and potential mechanism of nightshade for colon cancer treatment. The relationship network diagram of 'traditional Chinese medicine - component - target - disease' was firstly constructed by employing network pharmacology. Experiments were conducted in vivo and in vitro to verify the influence of quercetin, the core effective component of nightshade, on colon cancer. Meanwhile, the regulatory effects of quercetin on core targets and main signaling pathways were determined. Based on the network diagram of 'traditional Chinese medicine - component - target - disease' and KEGG analysis, quercetin might exhibit certain effects on colon cancer treatment by regulating the biological behavior of core targets related to cell apoptosis in tumors including PIK3R1, PIK3CA, Akt1, and Akt2. Furthermore, quercetin has been demonstrated in vitro experiments to suppress the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells whereas promote their apoptosis in a dose-dependent fashion. In vivo experiments indicate that quercetin had an antitumor effect on human colon cancer SW480 cells in nude mice bearing tumors. Furthermore, PIK3CA could bind to quercetin directly, which is validated by immunocoprecipitation. Therefore, the activation of PI3K/AKT phosphorylation was inhibited by quercetin and moreover the expressions of apoptotic proteins caspase-3 and Bcl2-Associated X protein (BAX) were up-regulated. In conclusion, the potential mechanism of nightshade lies in the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway inhibited by quercetin, thus promoting apoptosis of colon cancer cells for colon cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Na
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Li Ying
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Hospital Of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, 400020China
| | - Cheng Jun
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Xiong Ya
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Zhang Suifeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - He Yuxi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Wang Jing
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Lai Zonglang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Yang Xiaojun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400020, China
| | - Wu Yue
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, 400020, China
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Sun K, Liang Y, Zhong X, Hu X, Zhang P, Yu X. Nightshade Curly Top Virus: A Possible New Virus of the Genus Topocuvirus Infecting Solanum nigrum in China. Plant Dis 2021; 105:1006-1012. [PMID: 33026306 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-03-20-0572-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like symptoms, including leaf deformation and curling, were observed on nightshade (Solanum nigrum) in Zhejiang Province, China. To identify possible pathogenic viruses or viroids, a symptomatic sample was subjected to deep sequencing of small interfering RNAs. Assembly of the resulting sequences led to identification of a novel geminivirus, provisionally designated nightshade curly top virus (NCTV). The complete genomic DNA sequence is 2,867 nucleotides and encodes seven open reading frames. NCTV shares 77.1% overall nucleotide sequence identity, 86.3% coat protein amino acid identity, and 78.9% replication-associated protein amino acid sequence identity with Tomato pseudo-curly top virus, a member of the genus Topocuvirus. PCR screening of nightshade field isolates indicated that NCTV is widely distributed in Zhejiang. Agrobacterium-mediated inoculation revealed that NCTV is highly infectious to Nicotiana benthamiana, S. nigrum, S. lycopersicum, and S. tuberosum. Based on pairwise comparisons and phylogenetic analyses, NCTV is proposed as a provisional member of the genus Topocuvirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Sun
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Liang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueting Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuenan Hu
- Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengjun Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Arnó J, Gabarra R, Molina P, Godfrey KE, Zalom FG. Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) Success on Common Solanaceous Species from California Tomato Production Areas. Environ Entomol 2019; 48:1394-1400. [PMID: 31598654 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a devastating pest of tomato that has invaded many regions of the world. To date, it has not been detected in North America, but the pest reached Costa Rica in 2014 and seriously threatens the southern, southwestern, and western United States including California. Although the primary host of T. absoluta is tomato, several other species of Solanaceae may serve as alternative hosts. In our study, we aimed to assess the potential risk that other solanaceous crops and wild species that are often present in and around California tomato fields could serve as hosts. To accomplish this, we conducted greenhouse and laboratory studies to determine whether two common cultivars of fresh market tomato, two common cultivars of tomatillo, and the wild plants, Solanum nigrum L., Solanum sarrachoides (Sendtner), and Datura stramonium L., are suitable hosts for reproduction and development of the pest. According to our results, D. stramonium and tomatillo were unable to sustain T. absoluta larval development in either greenhouse studies or laboratory studies, and therefore, they are not likely to contribute to T. absoluta establishment during an invasion. On the contrary, the two other solanaceous weeds, S. nigrum and S. sarrachoides, share a similar potential as tomato to be reproductive and developmental hosts of T. absoluta, and might play an important role in the establishment of the pest in California.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Frank G Zalom
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA
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Zhang Q, Visser EJW, de Kroon H, Huber H. Life cycle stage and water depth affect flooding-induced adventitious root formation in the terrestrial species Solanum dulcamara. Ann Bot 2015; 116:279-90. [PMID: 26105188 PMCID: PMC4512197 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Flooding can occur at any stage of the life cycle of a plant, but often adaptive responses of plants are only studied at a single developmental stage. It may be anticipated that juvenile plants may respond differently from mature plants, as the amount of stored resources may differ and morphological changes can be constrained. Moreover, different water depths may require different strategies to cope with the flooding stress, the expression of which may also depend on developmental stage. This study investigated whether flooding-induced adventitious root formation and plant growth were affected by flooding depth in Solanum dulcamara plants at different developmental stages. METHODS Juvenile plants without pre-formed adventitious root primordia and mature plants with primordia were subjected to shallow flooding or deep flooding for 5 weeks. Plant growth and the timing of adventitious root formation were monitored during the flooding treatments. KEY RESULTS Adventitious root formation in response to shallow flooding was significantly constrained in juvenile S. dulcamara plants compared with mature plants, and was delayed by deep flooding compared with shallow flooding. Complete submergence suppressed adventitious root formation until up to 2 weeks after shoots restored contact with the atmosphere. Independent of developmental stage, a strong positive correlation was found between adventitious root formation and total biomass accumulation during shallow flooding. CONCLUSIONS The potential to deploy an escape strategy (i.e. adventitious root formation) may change throughout a plant's life cycle, and is largely dependent on flooding depth. Adaptive responses at a given stage of the life cycle thus do not necessarily predict how the plant responds to flooding in another growth stage. As variation in adventitious root formation also correlates with finally attained biomass, this variation may form the basis for variation in resistance to shallow flooding among plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Eric J W Visser
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hans de Kroon
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Heidrun Huber
- Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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