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Abstract
In this review, we seek a novel strategy for establishing a rejuvenating microenvironment through senescent cells specific reprogramming. We suggest that partial reprogramming can produce a secretory phenotype that facilitates cellular rejuvenation. This strategy is desired for specific partial reprogramming under control to avoid tumour risk and organ failure due to loss of cellular identity. It also alleviates the chronic inflammatory state associated with ageing and secondary senescence in adjacent cells by improving the senescence-associated secretory phenotype. This manuscript also hopes to explore whether intervening in cellular senescence can improve ageing and promote damage repair, in general, to increase people’s healthy lifespan and reduce frailty. Feasible and safe clinical translational protocols are critical in rejuvenation by controlled reprogramming advances. This review discusses the limitations and controversies of these advances’ application (while organizing the manuscript according to potential clinical translation schemes) to explore directions and hypotheses that have translational value for subsequent research.
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Mikawa R, Sato T, Suzuki Y, Baskoro H, Kawaguchi K, Sugimoto M. p19 Arf Exacerbates Cigarette Smoke-Induced Pulmonary Dysfunction. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10030462. [PMID: 32192082 PMCID: PMC7175375 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescent cells accumulate in tissues during aging or pathological settings. The semi-genetic or pharmacological targeting of senescent cells revealed that cellular senescence underlies many aspects of the aging-associated phenotype and diseases. We previously reported that cellular senescence contributes to aging- and disease-associated pulmonary dysfunction. We herein report that the elimination of Arf-expressing cells ameliorates cigarette smoke-induced lung pathologies in mice. Cigarette smoke induced the expression of Ink4a and Arf in lung tissue with concomitant increases in lung tissue compliance and alveolar airspace. The elimination of Arf-expressing cells prior to cigarette smoke exposure protected against these changes. Furthermore, the administration of cigarette smoke extract lead to pulmonary dysfunction, which was ameliorated by subsequent senescent cell elimination. Collectively, these results suggest that senescent cells are a potential therapeutic target for cigarette smoking-associated lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Mikawa
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Tadashi Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yohei Suzuki
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hario Baskoro
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kawaguchi
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Masataka Sugimoto
- Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
- Department of Molecular Aging Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan
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Vieira IDL, Tamura RE, Hunger A, Strauss BE. Distinct Roles of Direct Transduction Versus Exposure to the Tumor Secretome on Murine Endothelial Cells After Melanoma Gene Therapy with Interferon-β and p19Arf. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:246-258. [PMID: 30848981 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2018.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor vasculature plays a central role in tumor progression, making it an attractive therapeutic target. In this study, we explore the antiangiogenic potential of our melanoma gene therapy approach combining interferon β (IFNβ) and p19Arf gene transfer. Since these proteins are modulators of tumor vasculature, we explore the impact of IFNβ and p19Arf gene transfer on murine endothelial cells (tEnd). Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of p19Arf to tEnd cells inhibited proliferation, tube formation, migration, and led to increased expression of genes related to the p53 cell death pathway, yet IFNβ gene transfer had no significant impact on tEnd viability. Alternatively, tEnd cells were exposed to the factors generated by transduced B16 (mouse melanoma) cells using either coculture or conditioned medium. In either case, transduction of B16 cells with the IFNβ vector, whether alone or in combination with p19Arf, resulted in endothelial cell death. Strikingly, treatment of tEnd cells with recombinant IFNβ did not induce death, demonstrating that additional factors produced by B16 cells contributed to the demise of tEnd cells. In this work, we have shown that our melanoma gene therapy strategy produces desirable negative effects on endothelial cells, possibly correlating with antiangiogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor de Luna Vieira
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Rodrigo Esaki Tamura
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Aline Hunger
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Medrano RFV, Catani JPP, Ribeiro AH, Tomaz SL, Merkel CA, Costanzi-Strauss E, Strauss BE. Vaccination using melanoma cells treated with p19arf and interferon beta gene transfer in a mouse model: a novel combination for cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2016; 65:371-82. [PMID: 26887933 PMCID: PMC11029472 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-016-1807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we combined p19(Arf) (Cdkn2a, tumor suppressor protein) and interferon beta (IFN-β, immunomodulatory cytokine) gene transfer in order to enhance cell death in a murine model of melanoma. Here, we present evidence of the immune response induced when B16 cells succumbing to death due to treatment with p19(Arf) and IFN-β are applied in vaccine models. Use of dying cells for prophylactic vaccination was investigated, identifying conditions for tumor-free survival. After combined p19(Arf) and IFN-β treatment, we observed immune rejection at the vaccine site in immune competent and nude mice with normal NK activity, but not in NOD-SCID and dexamethasone immunosuppressed mice (NK deficient). Combined treatment induced IL-15, ULBP1, FAS/APO1 and KILLER/DR5 expression, providing a mechanism for NK activation. Prophylactic vaccination protected against tumor challenge, where markedly delayed progression and leukocyte infiltration were observed. Analysis of primed lymphocytes revealed secretion of TH1-related cytokines and depletion protocols showed that both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T lymphocytes are necessary for immune protection. However, application of this prophylactic vaccine where cells were treated either with IFN-β alone or combined with p19(Arf) conferred similar immune protection and cytokine activation, yet only the combination was associated with increased overall survival. In a therapeutic vaccine protocol, only the combination was associated with reduced tumor progression. Our results indicate that by harnessing cell death in an immunogenic context, our p19(Arf) and IFN-β combination offers a clear advantage when both genes are included in the vaccine and warrants further development as a novel immunotherapy for melanoma.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/genetics
- Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16/immunology
- Female
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Interferon-beta/genetics
- Interferon-beta/immunology
- Interleukin-15/immunology
- Interleukin-15/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Melanoma, Experimental/genetics
- Melanoma, Experimental/immunology
- Melanoma, Experimental/therapy
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/immunology
- Receptors, TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Tumor Burden/genetics
- Tumor Burden/immunology
- Vaccination/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruan Felipe Vieira Medrano
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 8th Floor, São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Portela Catani
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 8th Floor, São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Aline Hunger Ribeiro
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 8th Floor, São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil
| | - Samanta Lopes Tomaz
- Escola Paulista de Medicina-Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Christian A Merkel
- Animal Care Facility, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eugenia Costanzi-Strauss
- Gene Therapy Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas-I, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bryan E Strauss
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Centro de Investigação Translacional em Oncologia/LIM24, Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 251, 8th Floor, São Paulo, SP, 01246-000, Brazil.
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Abstract
In vivo analysis of the genetic determinants of Myc-induced apoptosis reveals a specific requirement for the Bcl2 family protein Bim (Bcl2l11). Surprisingly, apoptosis induced by Myc in multiple solid tissues does not require p19Arf (Cdkn2a), whereas Puma (Bbc3) is required only in the context of sensitization by Myc to death induced by DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Murphy
- Institute of Cancer Sciences; University of Glasgow and the CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research ; Glasgow, UK
| | - Nathiya Muthalagu
- Institute of Cancer Sciences; University of Glasgow and the CRUK Beatson Institute for Cancer Research ; Glasgow, UK
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Iqbal NS, Xu L, Devitt CC, Skapek SX. Isolation and characterization of mammalian cells expressing the Arf promoter during eye development. Biotechniques 2014; 56:239-49. [PMID: 24806224 DOI: 10.2144/000114166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many researchers have successfully uncovered novel functions of the tumor suppressor p19(Arf) utilizing various types of cultured cancer cells and immortalized fibroblasts, these systems do not accurately reflect the endogenous environment in which Arf is developmentally expressed. We addressed this by isolating perivascular cells (PVCs) from the primary vitreous of the mouse eye. This rare cell type normally expresses the p19(Arf) tumor suppressor in a non-pathological, developmental context. We utilized fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) to purify the cells by virtue of a GFP reporter driven by the native Arf promoter and then characterized their morphology and gene expression pattern. We further examined the effects of reintroduction of Arf expression in the Arf(GFP/GFP) PVCs to verify expected downstream effectors of p19(Arf) as well as uncover novel functions of Arf as a regulator of vasculogenesis. This methodology and cell culture model should serve as a useful tool to examine p19(Arf) biology.
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Abstract
The Arf tumor suppressor gene product, p19(Arf), regulates cell proliferation in incipient cancer cells and during embryo development. Beyond its commonly accepted p53-dependent actions, p19(Arf) also acts independently of p53 in both contexts. One such p53-independent effect with in vivo relevance includes its repression of Pdgfrβ, a process that is essential for vision in the mouse. We have utilized cell culture-based and mouse models to define a new role for miR-34a in this process. Ectopic expression of Arf in cultured cells enhanced the expression of several microRNAs predicted to target Pdgfrß synthesis, including the miR-34 family. Because miR-34a has been implicated as a p53-dependent effector, we investigated whether it also contributed to p53-independent effects of p19(Arf). Indeed, in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking p53, Arf-driven repression of Pdgfrβ and its blockade of Pdgf-B stimulated DNA synthesis were both completely interrupted by anti-microRNA against miR-34a. Ectopic miR-34a directly targeted Pdgfrβ and a plasmid reporter containing wild-type Pdgfrβ 3'UTR sequence, but not one in which the miR-34a target sequence was mutated. Although miR-34a expression has been linked to p53-a well-known effector of p19(Arf)-Arf expression and its knockdown correlated with miR-34a level in MEFs lacking p53. Finally, analysis of the mouse embryonic eye demonstrated that Arf controlled expression of miR-34a, and the related miR-34b and c, in vivo during normal mouse development. Our findings indicate that miR-34a provides an essential link between p19(Arf) and its p53-independent capacity to block cell proliferation driven by Pdgfrβ. This has ramifications for developmental and tumor suppressor roles of Arf.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Iqbal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Pediatrics; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Jie Mei
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Pediatrics; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA; College of Fisheries; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding; Ministry of Agriculture; Huazhong Agricultural University; Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Pediatrics; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA
| | - Stephen X Skapek
- Division of Hematology/Oncology; Department of Pediatrics; University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA; Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders; Children's Medical Center; Dallas, TX USA
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