1
|
Mohan S, Li Y, Chu K, De La Paz L, Sperger D, Shi B, Foti C, Rucker V, Lai C. Integrative Salt Selection and Formulation Optimization: Perspectives of Disproportionation and Microenvironmental pH Modulation. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2590-2605. [PMID: 38656981 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
We report a novel utilization of a pH modifier as a disproportionation retardant in a tablet formulation. The drug molecule of interest has significant bioavailability challenges that require solubility enhancement. In addition to limited salt/cocrystal options, disproportionation of the potential salt(s) was identified as a substantial risk. Using a combination of Raman spectroscopy with chemometrics and quantitative X-ray diffraction in specially designed stress testing, we investigated the disproportionation phenomena. The learnings and insight drawn from crystallography drove the selection of the maleate form as the target API. Inspired by the fumarate form's unique stability and solubility characteristics, we used fumaric acid as the microenvironmental pH modulator. Proof-of-concept experiments with high-risk (HCl) and moderate-risk (maleate) scenarios confirmed the synergistic advantage of fumaric acid, which interacts with the freebase released by disproportionation to form a more soluble species. The resultant hemifumarate helps maintain the solubility at an elevated level. This work demonstrates an innovative technique to mediate the solubility drop during the "parachute" phase of drug absorption using compendial excipients, and this approach can potentially serve as an effective risk-mitigating strategy for salt disproportionation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shikhar Mohan
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Yi Li
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Kevin Chu
- Velexi Corporation, Burlingame, California 94010, United States
| | | | - Diana Sperger
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Bing Shi
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Chris Foti
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Victor Rucker
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| | - Chiajen Lai
- Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California 94404, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kuminek G, Salehi N, Waltz NM, Sperry DC, Greenwood DE, Hate SS, Amidon GE. Use of Gastrointestinal Simulator, Mass Transport Analysis, and Absorption Simulation to Investigate the Impact of pH Modifiers in Mitigating Weakly Basic Drugs' Performance Issues Related to Gastric pH: Palbociclib Case Study. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:147-158. [PMID: 36367432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that reduced gastric acidity, for example with concomitant administration of acid reducing agents, can result in variable pharmacokinetics and decreased absorption of weakly basic drugs. It is important to identify the risk of reduced and variable absorption early in development, so that product design options to address the risk can be considered. This article describes the utilization of in vitro and in silico tools to predict the effect of gastric pH, as well as the impact of adding pH modifiers, in mitigating the effect of acid reducing agents on weak base drugs' dissolution and absorption. Palbociclib, a weakly basic drug, was evaluated in low and high gastric pH conditions in a multicompartmental dissolution apparatus referred to as a gastrointestinal simulator (GIS). The GIS permits the testing of pharmaceutical products in a way that better assesses dissolution under physiologically relevant conditions of pH, buffer concentration, formulation additives, and physiological variations including GI pH, buffer concentrations, secretions, stomach emptying rate, residence time in the GI, and aqueous luminal volume. To predict drug dissolution in the GIS, a hierarchical mass transport model was used and validated using in vitro experimental data. Dissolution results were then compared to observed human clinical plasma data with and without proton pump inhibitors using a GastroPlus absorption model to predict palbociclib plasma profiles and pharmacokinetic parameters. The results showed that the in silico model successfully predicted palbociclib dissolution in the GIS under low and high gastric pH conditions with and without pH modifiers. Furthermore, the GIS data coupled with the in silico tools anticipated (1) the reduced palbociclib exposure due to proton pump inhibitor coadministration and (2) the mitigating effect of a pH-modifying agent. This study provides tools to help in the development of orally administered formulations to overcome the effect of elevated gastric pH, especially when formulating with pH modifiers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gislaine Kuminek
- Synthetic Molecule Design & Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
| | - Niloufar Salehi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
| | - Nicholas M Waltz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States.,College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio43210, United States
| | - David C Sperry
- Synthetic Molecule Design & Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Dale E Greenwood
- Synthetic Molecule Design & Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Siddhi S Hate
- Synthetic Molecule Design & Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana46285, United States
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Salehi N, Kuminek G, Al-Gousous J, Sperry DC, Greenwood DE, Waltz NM, Amidon GL, Ziff RM, Amidon GE. Improving Dissolution Behavior and Oral Absorption of Drugs with pH-Dependent Solubility Using pH Modifiers: A Physiologically Realistic Mass Transport Analysis. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3326-3341. [PMID: 34428047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Orally dosed drugs must dissolve in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract before being absorbed through the epithelial cell membrane. In vivo drug dissolution depends on the GI tract's physiological conditions such as pH, residence time, luminal buffers, intestinal motility, and transit and drug properties under fed and fasting conditions (Paixão, P. et al. Mol. Pharm. 2018 and Bermejo, et al. M. Mol. Pharm. 2018). The dissolution of an ionizable drug may benefit from manipulating in vivo variables such as the environmental pH using pH-modifying agents incorporated into the dosage form. A successful example is the use of such agents for dissolution enhancement of BCS class IIb (high-permeability, low-solubility, and weak base) drugs under high gastric pH due to the disease conditions or by co-administration of acid-reducing agents (i.e., proton pump inhibitors, H2-antagonists, and antacids). This study provides a rational approach for selecting pH modifiers to improve monobasic and dibasic drug compounds' dissolution rate and extent under high-gastric pH dissolution conditions, since the oral absorption of BCS class II drugs can be limited by either the solubility or the dissolution rate depending on the initial dose number. Betaine chloride, fumaric acid, and tartaric acid are examples of promising pH modifiers that can be included in oral dosage forms to enhance the rate and extent of monobasic and dibasic drug formulations. However, selection of a suitable pH modifier is dependent on the drug properties (e.g., solubility and pKa) and its interplay with the pH modifier pKa or pKas. As an example of this complex interaction, for basic drugs with high pKa and intrinsic solubility values and large doses, a polyprotic pH modifier can be expected to outperform a monoacid pH modifier. We have developed a hierarchical mass transport model to predict drug dissolution of formulations under varying pH conditions including high gastric pH. This model considers the effect of physical and chemical properties of the drug and pH modifiers such as pKa, solubility, and particle size distribution. This model also considers the impact of physiological conditions such as stomach emptying rate, stomach acid and buffer secretion, residence time in the GI tract, and aqueous luminal volume on drug dissolution. The predictions from this model are directly applicable to in vitro multi-compartment dissolution vessels and are validated by in vitro experiments in the gastrointestinal simulator. This model's predictions can serve as a potential data source to predict plasma concentrations for formulations containing pH modifiers administered under the high-gastric pH conditions. This analysis provides an improved formulation design procedure using pH modifiers by minimizing the experimental iterations under both in vitro and in vivo conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Salehi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gislaine Kuminek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Synthetic Molecule Design & Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Jozef Al-Gousous
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - David C Sperry
- Synthetic Molecule Design & Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Dale E Greenwood
- Synthetic Molecule Design & Development, Lilly Research Laboratories, Lilly Corporate Center, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana 46285, United States
| | - Nicholas M Waltz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.,College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Gordon L Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Robert M Ziff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Gregory E Amidon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yu J, Meng X, Dong X, Han M, Li G, Chen Y, Liu Y, Hu L. Synthesis and characterization of osmotic pump capsules containing polyoxyethylene and pH modifier to control the release of nifedipine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 163:102-108. [PMID: 33819628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to formulate osmotic pump capsules (OPCs) to control the release of nifedipine (NP). NP solid dispersion was prepared by solvent evaporation method. The prepared mixture of NP solid dispersion and various excipients were filled into the commercial HPMC hard capsule shells and then coated with cellulose acetate (CA) solution to form NP-OPC. The CA coating solution consisted of CA as semi-permeable membrane, and Poloxamer 188 as pore formers. The impact of addition agents, citric acid and pore formers on in vitro drug release were investigated. Furthermore, the study has highlighted the impact of paddle speed and the pH value of release media, on the release and compared the release with the commercial controlled release tablets. The in vitro drug release study indicated that drug release could reach 95% in 24 h with optimal formulation, and interestingly model fitting showed that the drug release behavior was closely followed to zero-order release kinetics. The pharmacokinetic studies were performed in rabbits with commercial controlled release tablets as reference, both preparations showed a sustained release effect. Compared with traditional preparation methods of OPCs, the new preparation process was simplified without the operation of laser drilling and the sealing process of capsule body and cap, which improved the feasibility of industrial production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaojiao Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China; Cangzhou People's Hospital, Cangzhou, China
| | - Xue Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Xue Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Mengfan Han
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Guotao Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yanna Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Liandong Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Quality Control of Hebei Province, Institute of Life Science and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Latham-Cork HC, Walker KF, Thornton JG, Gunnarsson OS, Säfholm A, Cardell M, Strevens H. A novel non-antimicrobial treatment of bacterial vaginosis: An open label two-private centre study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2020; 256:419-424. [PMID: 33307324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2020.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal discharge. It is caused by an imbalance in the normal vaginal microbiota. Symptoms include an offensive odour. Standard oral or vaginal antimicrobial treatments have high immediate cure rates but almost as high recurrence rates. pHyph, a vaginal pessary, contains glucono-delta-lactone (GDL) and sodium gluconate (NaG) which restore normal pH and disrupt the associated biofilm. AIM To investigate the clinical performance of pHyph, for both treatment and recurrence prevention. Design An open-label, single arm, multi-centre first in women study. SETTING Two private gynaecology clinics in Skåne County, Southern Sweden. METHODS Twenty four adult women with confirmed bacterial vaginosis received the investigational product for self-administration on days 0, 2, 4, and 6 and were assessed on day 7. Clinical cure was defined as absence of three of four Amsel's criteria (pH excluded) on day 7. Safety and tolerability were also recorded. Those not cured by day 7 received a prolonged treatment protocol. Results There were three withdrawals, two before the day 7 assessment. 18/22 (82 %) were clinically cured at day 7. The pessary was well tolerated. Recurrence rates at 14 days in patients cured at day 7 after receiving standard study treatment (n = 18) were 1/18 (5.6 %) with no additional recurrences reported at 35 days. Three of four patients not cured at 7 days received continued treatment (day 7, 9, 11, and 13), but none were cured at 14 days. CONCLUSION pHyph has the potential for both high cure rates and a reduction in recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harriett C Latham-Cork
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Kate F Walker
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK.
| | - Jim G Thornton
- Division of Child Health, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Omar Sigurvin Gunnarsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Monika Cardell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Helena Strevens
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abhijeet K, Namita D. Studies on Solubility Enhancement of Poorly Soluble NSAID Using Dual Approach of Micro-environmental pH Modulation and Melt Granulation. Curr Drug Deliv 2018; 14:1201-1212. [PMID: 28578642 DOI: 10.2174/1567201814666170413120513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present work describes the role of melt granulation and microenviron-mental pH modulation technique in solubility enhancement of a poorly water soluble NSAID, Aceclofenac (ACL). ACL is a BCS Class II drug showing dissolution rate limited absorption and pH dependent solubility, with higher solubility at alkaline pH. The limited solubility of ACL affects drug absorption and hence, therapeutic effect as the drug is indicated in conditions of pain where rapid onset of action is desired. METHODS Solubility enhancement of ACL was carried out by melt granulation technique using Gelucire 50/13 as molten carrier. The solubility of ACL was improved further by incorporating sodium hydrogen carbonate as pH modifier. The granules of ACL thus developed, were compressed into tablets using adsorbing carriers and other tableting excipients. RESULTS This dual approach not only enhanced ACL solubility but also aided in achieving a pH independent release. The developed tablets exhibited pH independent release as well as enhanced rate of dissolution which is indicated by in vitro dissolution studies and ex-vivo intestinal permeation studies. The pH independent release would ensure absorption of drug throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The solubility enhancement of ACL was further confirmed by characterization studies such as DSC and XRD. CONCLUSION Thus, the dual approach of melt granulation and micro-environmental pH modulation can be simple and scalable method for solubility enhancement of poorly soluble drugs showing pH dependent dissolution rate limited absorption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kadam Abhijeet
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai. India
| | - Desai Namita
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Bombay College of Pharmacy, Kalina, Santacruz (E), Mumbai. India
| |
Collapse
|