Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Recurrent Rhodococcus corynebacterioides Peritonitis: A Case Report and Review of Literature

Rhodococcus corynebacterioides is a Gram-positive bacterium known to cause bacteremia and oligoarthritis. There have been only a few case reports in the literature that describe its association with peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis. We report a case of recurrent peritonitis caused by R. corynebacterioides. The patient presented with abdominal pain, and PD fluid analysis was positive for infection, with cultures growing R. corynebacterioides. The patient was treated with multiple courses of intraperitoneal antibiotics due to recurrent episodes of PD-associated peritonitis from this bacterium, ultimately necessitating the removal of the PD catheter and the transition to hemodialysis.

A Review on Major Pathways Leading to Peritoneal Fibrosis in Patients Receiving Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is the most important complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD) that may arise among patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). PF is a complex process, and many factors contribute to the formation of fibrosis. PD solutions with high glucose content, chronic inflammation, inflammatory cytokines, angiogenesis, and mesothelial to mesenchymal transition (MMT) are factors contributing to the fibrosis of the peritoneum. These factors, as well as stress-induced fibrosis, are going to be discussed further in this article. Although most experimental models are promising in preventing or delaying PD-related fibrosis, most of these recommended treatment options require further research. The lack of sufficient data from real PD patients and many inconclusive data make clinicians depend on conservative treatment. New therapeutics are indeed required for the management of patients undergoing PD to prevent the dreaded complication that may arise from continuous PD. Newer PD solutions are needed to improve survival and minimize the complication associated with PD. Recently, newer PD solutions have been shown to improve patient survival and peritoneal viability and reduce this complication that may arise as a result of continuous PD.