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Salami OS, Adeyemi JA, Olawuyi TS, Barbosa F, Adedire CO. Tissue Distributions and Toxic Effects of Hexavalent Chromium in Laboratory-Exposed Periwinkle ( Littorina littorea Linnaeus). Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3412. [PMID: 37958167 PMCID: PMC10649957 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased use of hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) in various industrial applications has contributed to its elevated levels in the environment, especially the aquatic environment. Thus, there is the potential for accumulation of Cr6+ in the tissues of aquatic organisms and consequent toxic effects. The toxic effects of Cr6+ in aquatic organisms have been widely reported; however, little is known about the patterns of tissue accumulation of Cr6+ and its toxicity in aquatic mollusks. Thus, the present study investigated the effects of Cr6+ exposure on the tissue distribution, proximate composition, and histopathology of an aquatic mollusk, periwinkle (Littorina littorea). The animals were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cr6+ (0.42, 0.84, and 4.2 mg/L) for 30 days, after which the condition index, tissue accumulation, proximate composition, and histopathological effects were determined. The control animals were maintained in a medium that did not contain Cr6+ (0 mg/L). The condition index did not differ significantly among the groups. The levels of Cr6+ in the tissues differed significantly among the different tissue types while there was no significant effect of the exposure concentration, except in the foot tissue. The proximate parameters (protein, carbohydrates, lipid, crude fiber, and moisture contents) differed significantly among the groups. The protein contents of the exposed animals were significantly lower than those of the control animals and the histological architecture of the major organs was altered in the chromium-exposed animals. The findings from this study indicate a low potential of L. littorea to bioaccumulate Cr6+ in its tissues at the low exposure concentrations tested in this study; as such, its consumption may not pose any serious health risks to humans. However, changes in the proximate composition and histological architecture of the exposed L. littorea show that Cr6+ is potentially toxic to periwinkles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufemi S. Salami
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure P.O. Box 704, Nigeria; (O.S.S.); (C.O.A.)
| | - Joseph A. Adeyemi
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure P.O. Box 704, Nigeria; (O.S.S.); (C.O.A.)
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/no, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil;
| | - Toluwase S. Olawuyi
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure P.O. Box 704, Nigeria;
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Department of Clinical Analyses, Toxicology and Food Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida do Café s/no, Ribeirão Preto 14040-903, Brazil;
| | - Chris O. Adedire
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Federal University of Technology, Akure P.O. Box 704, Nigeria; (O.S.S.); (C.O.A.)
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García-Souto D, Alonso-Rubido S, Costa D, Eirín-López JM, Rolán-Álvarez E, Faria R, Galindo J, Pasantes JJ. Karyotype Characterization of Nine Periwinkle Species (Gastropoda, Littorinidae). Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:E517. [PMID: 30360559 PMCID: PMC6266005 DOI: 10.3390/genes9110517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Periwinkles of the family Littorinidae (Children, 1834) are common members of seashore littoral communities worldwide. Although the family is composed of more than 200 species belonging to 18 genera, chromosome numbers have been described in only eleven of them. A molecular cytogenetic analysis of nine periwinkle species, the rough periwinkles Littorina arcana, L. saxatilis, and L. compressa, the flat periwinkles L. obtusata and L. fabalis, the common periwinkle L. littorea, the mangrove periwinkle Littoraria angulifera, the beaded periwinkle Cenchritis muricatus, and the small periwinkle Melarhaphe neritoides was performed. All species showed diploid chromosome numbers of 2n = 34, and karyotypes were mostly composed of metacentric and submetacentric chromosome pairs. None of the periwinkle species showed chromosomal differences between male and female specimens. The chromosomal mapping of major and minor rDNA and H3 histone gene clusters by fluorescent in situ hybridization demonstrated that the patterns of distribution of these DNA sequences were conserved among closely related species and differed among less related ones. All signals occupied separated loci on different chromosome pairs without any evidence of co-localization in any of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel García-Souto
- Departamento Bioquímica, Xenética e Inmunoloxía, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
- CIMUS Biomedical Research Institute, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15706 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Sandra Alonso-Rubido
- Departamento Bioquímica, Xenética e Inmunoloxía, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
- Systems Biotechnology Group, Department of Applied Biocatalysis, CSIC-Institute of Catalysis and Petrochemistry, C/Marie Curie 2, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Diana Costa
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
| | - José M Eirín-López
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Emilio Rolán-Álvarez
- Departamento Bioquímica, Xenética e Inmunoloxía, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
- CIM-UVIGO, Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, E-36331 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Rui Faria
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO, Laboratório Associado, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal.
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Juan Galindo
- Departamento Bioquímica, Xenética e Inmunoloxía, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
- CIM-UVIGO, Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, E-36331 Vigo, Spain.
| | - Juan J Pasantes
- Departamento Bioquímica, Xenética e Inmunoloxía, Universidade de Vigo, E-36310 Vigo, Spain.
- CIM-UVIGO, Centro de Investigación Mariña, Universidade de Vigo, E-36331 Vigo, Spain.
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