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Paris F, Marrazzo P, Pizzuti V, Marchionni C, Rossi M, Michelotti M, Petrovic B, Ciani E, Simonazzi G, Pession A, Bonsi L, Alviano F. Characterization of Perinatal Stem Cell Spheroids for the Development of Cell Therapy Strategy. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020189. [PMID: 36829683 PMCID: PMC9952228 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a complex metabolic disease characterized by a massive loss of insulin-producing cells due to an autoimmune reaction. Currently, daily subcutaneous administration of exogenous insulin is the only effective treatment. Therefore, in recent years considerable interest has been given to stem cell therapy and in particular to the use of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures to better reproduce in vivo conditions. The goal of this study is to provide a reliable cellular model that could be investigated for regenerative medicine applications for the replacement of insulin-producing cells in T1DM. To pursue this aim we create a co-culture spheroid of amniotic epithelial cells (AECs) and Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells (WJ-MSCs) in a one-to-one ratio. The resulting co-culture spheroids were analyzed for viability, extracellular matrix production, and hypoxic state in both early- and long-term cultures. Our results suggest that co-culture spheroids are stable in long-term culture and are still viable with a consistent extracellular matrix production evaluated with immunofluorescence staining. These findings suggest that this co-culture may potentially be differentiated into endo-pancreatic cells for regenerative medicine applications in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Paris
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Marrazzo
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Valeria Pizzuti
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cosetta Marchionni
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Maura Rossi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Martina Michelotti
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Biljana Petrovic
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ciani
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Science, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliana Simonazzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
- Obstetrics Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Sant’Orsola, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Bonsi
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.M.); (L.B.)
| | - Francesco Alviano
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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Paris F, Pizzuti V, Marrazzo P, Pession A, Alviano F, Bonsi L. Perinatal Stem Cell Therapy to Treat Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Never-Say-Die Story of Differentiation and Immunomodulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36498923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human term placenta and other postpartum-derived biological tissues are promising sources of perinatal cells with unique stem cell properties. Among the massive current research on stem cells, one medical focus on easily available stem cells is to exploit them in the design of immunotherapy protocols, in particular for the treatment of chronic non-curable human diseases. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells and perinatal cells can be harnessed both to generate insulin-producing cells for beta cell replenishment and to regulate autoimmune mechanisms via immunomodulation capacity. In this study, the strong points of cells derived from amniotic epithelial cells and from umbilical cord matrix are outlined and their potential for supporting cell therapy development. From a basic research and expert stem cell point of view, the aim of this review is to summarize information regarding the regenerative medicine field, as well as describe the state of the art on possible cell therapy approaches for diabetes.
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Barboni B, Russo V, Berardinelli P, Mauro A, Valbonetti L, Sanyal H, Canciello A, Greco L, Muttini A, Gatta V, Stuppia L, Mattioli M. Placental Stem Cells from Domestic Animals: Translational Potential and Clinical Relevance. Cell Transplant 2019; 27:93-116. [PMID: 29562773 PMCID: PMC6434480 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717724797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of regenerative medicine is moving toward clinical practice in veterinary science. In this context, placenta-derived stem cells isolated from domestic animals have covered a dual role, acting both as therapies for patients and as a valuable cell source for translational models. The biological properties of placenta-derived cells, comparable among mammals, make them attractive candidates for therapeutic approaches. In particular, stemness features, low immunogenicity, immunomodulatory activity, multilineage plasticity, and their successful capacity for long-term engraftment in different host tissues after autotransplantation, allo-transplantation, or xenotransplantation have been demonstrated. Their beneficial regenerative effects in domestic animals have been proven using preclinical studies as well as clinical trials starting to define the mechanisms involved. This is, in particular, for amniotic-derived cells that have been thoroughly studied to date. The regenerative role arises from a mutual tissue-specific cell differentiation and from the paracrine secretion of bioactive molecules that ultimately drive crucial repair processes in host tissues (e.g., anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, angiogenic, and neurogenic factors). The knowledge acquired so far on the mechanisms of placenta-derived stem cells in animal models represent the proof of concept of their successful use in some therapeutic treatments such as for musculoskeletal disorders. In the next future, legislation in veterinary regenerative medicine will be a key element in order to certify those placenta-derived cell-based protocols that have already demonstrated their safety and efficacy using rigorous approaches and to improve the degree of standardization of cell-based treatments among veterinary clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Barboni
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - V Russo
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - P Berardinelli
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Mauro
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Valbonetti
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - H Sanyal
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Canciello
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Greco
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - A Muttini
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - V Gatta
- 1 Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - L Stuppia
- 2 Medical Genetics, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - M Mattioli
- 3 Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale," Teramo, Italy
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Centurione L, Passaretta F, Centurione MA, De Munari S, Vertua E, Silini A, Liberati M, Parolini O, Di Pietro R. Mapping of the Human Placenta: Experimental Evidence of Amniotic Epithelial Cell Heterogeneity. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:12-22. [PMID: 29562779 PMCID: PMC6434477 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717725078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The human placenta is an important source of stem cells that can be easily collected without ethical concerns since it is usually discarded after childbirth. In this study, we analyzed the amniotic membrane (AM) from the human placenta with the aim of mapping different regions with respect to their morpho-functional features and regenerative potential. AMs were obtained from 24 healthy women, undergoing a caesarean section, and mapped into 4 different regions according to their position in relation to the umbilical cord: the central, intermediate, peripheral, and reflected areas. We carried out a multiparametric analysis focusing our attention on amniotic epithelial cells (AECs). Our results revealed that AECs, isolated from the different areas, are a heterogeneous cell population with different pluripotency and proliferation marker expression (octamer-binding transcription factor 4 [OCT-4], tyrosine-protein kinase KIT [c-KIT], sex determining region Y-box 2 [SOX-2], α-fetoprotein, cyclic AMP response element binding [CREB] protein, and phosphorylated active form of CREB [p-CREB]), proliferative ability, and osteogenic potential. Our investigation discloses interesting findings that could be useful for increasing the efficiency of AM isolation and application for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Centurione
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Passaretta
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Centurione
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council-Pavia, Section of Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia De Munari
- E. Menni Research Center, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elsa Vertua
- E. Menni Research Center, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Marco Liberati
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Ornella Parolini
- E. Menni Research Center, Fondazione Poliambulanza, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- StemTeCh Group, Chieti, Italy
- Roberta Di Pietro, Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, Section of Human Morphology, G. d’Annunzio University of Chieti–Pescara, Building D, Level 1, Via dei Vestini 31, Chieti 66100, Italy.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION (1) Human embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent but are difficult to be used for therapy because of immunological, oncological and ethical barriers. (2) Pluripotent cells exist in vivo, i.e., germ cells and epiblast cells but cannot be isolated without sacrificing the developing embryo. (3) Reprogramming to pluripotency is possible from adult cells using ectopic expression of OKSM and other integrative and non-integrative techniques. (4) Hurdles to overcome include i.e stability of the phenotype in relation to epigenetic memory. SOURCES OF DATA We reviewed the literature related to reprogramming, pluripotency and fetal stem cells. AREAS OF AGREEMENT (1) Fetal stem cells present some advantageous characteristics compared with their neonatal and postnatal counterparts, with regards to cell size, growth kinetics, and differentiation potential, as well as in vivo tissue repair capacity. (2) Amniotic fluid stem cells are more easily reprogrammed to pluripotency than adult fibroblast. (3) The parental population is heterogeneous and present an intermediate phenotype between ES and adult somatic stem cells, expressing markers of both. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY (1) It is unclear whether induced pluripotent stem (iPS) derived from amniotic fluid stem cells are fully or partially reprogrammed. (2) Optimal protocols to ensure highest efficiency and phenotype stability remains to be determined. (3) The "level" of reprogramming, fully vs partial, of iPS derived from amniotic fluid stem cells remain to be determined. GROWING POINTS Banking of fully reprogrammed cells may be important both for (1) autologous and allogenic applications in medicine, and (2) disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spinelli
- Surgery Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, UK.
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