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Said N, Lau WJ, Zainol Abidin MN, Mansourizadeh A, Ismail AF. Fabrication and characterization of dual-layer hollow fibre membranes incorporating poly(citric acid)-grafted GO with enhanced antifouling properties for water treatment. Environ Technol 2024; 45:2944-2956. [PMID: 36976335 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2197127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fouling during the filtration process is a perennial issue and could lead to reduced separation efficiency. In this work, poly(citric acid)-grafted graphene oxide (PGO) was incorporated into a matrix of single-layer hollow fibre (SLHF) and dual-layer hollow fibrr (DLHF) membranes, respectively, aiming to improve membrane antifouling properties during water treatment. Different loadings of PGO ranging from 0 to 1 wt% were first introduced into the SLHF to identify the best PGO loading for the DLHF preparation with its outer layer modified by nanomaterials. The findings showed that at the optimized PGO loading of 0.7 wt%, the resultant SLHF membrane could achieve higher water permeability and bovine serum albumin rejection compared to the neat SLHF membrane. This is due to the improved surface hydrophilicity and increased structural porosity upon incorporation of optimized PGO loading. When 0.7 wt% PGO was introduced only to the outer layer of DLHF, the cross-sectional matrix of the membrane was altered, forming microvoids and spongy-like structures (more porous). Nevertheless, the BSA rejection of the membrane was improved to 97.7% owing to an inner selectivity layer produced from a different dope solution (without the PGO). The DLHF membrane also demonstrated significantly higher antifouling properties than the neat SLHF membrane. Its flux recovery rate is 85%, i.e. 37% better than that of a neat membrane. By incorporating hydrophilic PGO into the membrane, the interaction of the hydrophobic foulants with the membrane surface is greatly reduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noresah Said
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Woei Jye Lau
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Nidzhom Zainol Abidin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, Jalan Profesor Diraja Ungku Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amir Mansourizadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Membrane Science and Technology Research Center (MSTRC), Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Fauzi Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia
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2
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Zhao H, He T, Yao S, Tao L, Zhang X, Wang Z, Cui Z, Chen R. Improved Protein Removal Performance of PES Hollow-Fiber Ultrafiltration Membrane with Sponge-like Structure. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1194. [PMID: 38732663 PMCID: PMC11085754 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The research used polyethersulfone (PES) as a membrane material, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) k30 and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) as water-soluble additives, and dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as a solvent to prepare hollow-fiber ultrafiltration membranes through a nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) process. The hydrophilic nature of PVP-k30 and PEG caused them to accumulate on the membrane surface during phase separation. The morphology, chemical composition, surface charge, and pore size of the PES membranes were evaluated by SEM, FTIR, zeta potential, and dextran filtration experiments. The paper also investigated how different spinning solution compositions affected membrane morphology and performance. The separation efficiency of membranes with four different morphologies was tested in single-protein and double-protein mixed solutions. The protein separation effectiveness of the membrane was studied through molecular weight cutoff, zeta potential, and static protein adsorption tests. In addition, the operating pressure and pH value were adjusted to improve ultrafiltration process conditions. The PES membrane with an intact sponge-like structure showed the highest separation factor of 11, making it a prime candidate membrane for the separation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and lysozyme (LYS). The membrane had a minimal static protein adsorption capacity of 48 mg/cm2 and had excellent anti-fouling properties. When pH = 4, the BSA retention rate was 93% and the LYS retention rate was 23%. Furthermore, it exhibited excellent stability over a pH range of 1-13, confirming its suitability for protein separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (T.H.); (L.T.); (X.Z.); (R.C.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Special Separation Membrane, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ting He
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (T.H.); (L.T.); (X.Z.); (R.C.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Special Separation Membrane, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (T.H.); (L.T.); (X.Z.); (R.C.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Special Separation Membrane, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Long Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (T.H.); (L.T.); (X.Z.); (R.C.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Special Separation Membrane, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xinhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (T.H.); (L.T.); (X.Z.); (R.C.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Special Separation Membrane, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (T.H.); (L.T.); (X.Z.); (R.C.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Special Separation Membrane, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhaoliang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (T.H.); (L.T.); (X.Z.); (R.C.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Special Separation Membrane, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Rizhi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China; (H.Z.); (T.H.); (L.T.); (X.Z.); (R.C.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Special Separation Membrane, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Pinto AFM, Diedrich JK, Moresco JJ, Yates JR. Differential Precipitation of Proteins: A Simple Protein Fractionation Strategy to Gain Biological Insights with Proteomics. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2023; 34:2025-2033. [PMID: 37527410 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Differential precipitation of proteins (DiffPOP) is a simple technique for fractionating complex protein mixtures. Using stepwise addition of acidified methanol, ten distinct subsets of proteins can be selectively precipitated by centrifugation and identified by mass spectrometry-based proteomics. We have previously shown that the ability of a protein to resist precipitation can be altered by drug binding, which enabled us to identify a novel drug-target interaction. Here, we show that the addition of DiffPOP to a standard LC-MS proteomics workflow results in a three-dimensional separation of peptides that increases protein coverage and peptide identifications. Importantly, DiffPOP reveals solubility differences between proteoforms, potentially providing valuable insights that are typically lost in bottom-up proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F M Pinto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Jolene K Diedrich
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - James J Moresco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Center for the Genetics of Host Defense, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
| | - John R Yates
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Zhou W, Liu Q, Xu N, Wang Q, Fan L, Dong Q. In Situ Incorporation of TiO 2@Graphene Oxide (GO) Nanosheets in Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-Based Membranes Matrix for Ultrafast Protein Separation. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:377. [PMID: 37103804 PMCID: PMC10142853 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13040377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Organic polymeric ultrafiltration (UF) membranes have been widely used in protein separation due to their advantages of high flux and simple manufacturing process. However, due to the hydrophobic nature of the polymer, pure polymeric UF membranes need to be modified or hybrid to increase their flux and anti-fouling performance. In this work, tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) and graphene oxide (GO) were simultaneously added to the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) casting solution to prepare a TiO2@GO/PAN hybrid ultrafiltration membrane using a non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS). During the phase separation process, TBT underwent a sol-gel reaction to generate hydrophilic TiO2 nanoparticles in situ. Some of the generated TiO2 nanoparticles reacted with the GO through a chelation interaction to form TiO2@GO nanocomposites. The resulting TiO2@GO nanocomposites had higher hydrophilicity than the GO. They could selectively segregate towards the membrane surface and pore walls through the solvent and non-solvent exchange during the NIPS, significantly improving the membrane's hydrophilicity. The remaining TiO2 nanoparticles were segregated from the membrane matrix to increase the membrane's porosity. Furthermore, the interaction between the GO and TiO2 also restricted the excessive segregation of the TiO2 nanoparticles and reduced their losing. The resulting TiO2@GO/PAN membrane had a water flux of 1487.6 L·m-2·h-1 and a bovine serum albumin (BSA) rejection rate of 99.5%, which were much higher than those of the currently available UF membranes. It also exhibited excellent anti-protein fouling performance. Therefore, the prepared TiO2@GO/PAN membrane has important practical applications in the field of protein separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Hefei Tianmai Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd., No. 199 Fanhua Ave., Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Hefei Tianmai Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd., No. 199 Fanhua Ave., Hefei 230601, China
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Nong Xu
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Long Fan
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Hefei Tianmai Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd., No. 199 Fanhua Ave., Hefei 230601, China
- School of Energy, Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hefei University, Hefei 230601, China
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5
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Tanaka T, Tomita Y, Honda K, Fujisawa M, Ochiai A. Preparation of composite monoliths of quaternized chitosan and diatom earth for protein separation. J Sep Sci 2023; 46:e2200638. [PMID: 36408941 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, composite monoliths with porous structures were prepared using quaternized chitosan and diatom earth for protein separation. Quaternized chitosan (N-[(2-hydroxy-3-trimethylammonium)propyl] chitosan chloride) dissolved in water was mixed with diatom earth and crosslinked with glutaraldehyde under low-temperature conditions to form a cryogel. Interconnected porous monoliths were obtained after removing ice crystals from the cryogel. The monoliths adsorbed bovine serum albumin selectively from the solution mixture of bovine serum albumin and bovine ɤ-globulin, and bovine ɤ-globulin was recovered in the flow-through fraction. The adsorption selectivity was enhanced by changing the solution pH from 6.8 to 5.5. The adsorption of bovine serum albumin by the monolith was replicated at least five times following its washing with a buffer containing 400 mM NaCl and subsequent regeneration with a 10 mM acetate buffer. The composited monolith is a promising adsorbent for the removal of acidic proteins, such as serum albumin contamination in neutral proteins, for example, ɤ-globulins, in bioproduction processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Tanaka
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yuna Tomita
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Koki Honda
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Marino Fujisawa
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihito Ochiai
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Wang LT, Chen YH, Chang WT, Kumar SR, Chen CC, Lue SJ. Separation Mechanisms and Anti-Fouling Properties of a Microporous Polyvinylidene Fluoride-Polyacrylic Acid-Graphene Oxide (PVDF-PAA-GO) Composite Membrane with Salt and Protein Solutions. Membranes (Basel) 2022; 13:40. [PMID: 36676847 PMCID: PMC9860620 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This research demonstrates the preparation of composite membranes containing graphene oxide (GO) and investigates the separation mechanisms of various salts and bovine serum albumin (BSA) solutions. A microporous polyvinylidene fluoride-polyacrylic acid-GO (PVDF-PAA-GO) separation layer was fabricated on non-woven support. The GO-incorporating composite resulted in enlarged pore size (0.16 μm) compared with the control membrane (0.12 μm). The zeta potential of the GO composite was reduced to -31 from -19 mV. The resulting membranes with and without GO were examined for water permeability and rejection efficiency with single salt and BSA solutions. Using the non-woven/PVDF-PAA composite, the permeance values were 88-190 kg/m2hMPa, and the salt rejection coefficients were 9-28% for Na2SO4, MgCl2, MgSO4, and NaCl solutions. These salt removals were based on the Donnan exclusion mechanism considering the ion radii and membrane pore size. Incorporating GO into the separation layer exhibited limited impacts on the filtration of salt solutions, but significantly reduced BSA membrane adhesion and increased permeance. The negatively charged protein reached almost complete removal (98.4%) from the highly negatively charged GO-containing membrane. The GO additive improved the anti-fouling property of the composite membrane and enhanced BSA separation from the salt solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ting Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Han Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Chang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Selvaraj Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chang Chen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Shingjiang Jessie Lue
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
- Department of Safety, Health and Environment Engineering, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243, Taiwan
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Lenčo J, Jadeja S, Naplekov DK, Krokhin OV, Khalikova MA, Chocholouš P, Urban J, Broeckhoven K, Nováková L, Švec F. Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography of Peptides for Bottom-Up Proteomics: A Tutorial. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2846-2892. [PMID: 36355445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The performance of the current bottom-up liquid chromatography hyphenated with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analyses has undoubtedly been fueled by spectacular progress in mass spectrometry. It is thus not surprising that the MS instrument attracts the most attention during LC-MS method development, whereas optimizing conditions for peptide separation using reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) remains somewhat in its shadow. Consequently, the wisdom of the fundaments of chromatography is slowly vanishing from some laboratories. However, the full potential of advanced MS instruments cannot be achieved without highly efficient RPLC. This is impossible to attain without understanding fundamental processes in the chromatographic system and the properties of peptides important for their chromatographic behavior. We wrote this tutorial intending to give practitioners an overview of critical aspects of peptide separation using RPLC to facilitate setting the LC parameters so that they can leverage the full capabilities of their MS instruments. After briefly introducing the gradient separation of peptides, we discuss their properties that affect the quality of LC-MS chromatograms the most. Next, we address the in-column and extra-column broadening. The last section is devoted to key parameters of LC-MS methods. We also extracted trends in practice from recent bottom-up proteomics studies and correlated them with the current knowledge on peptide RPLC separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juraj Lenčo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Siddharth Jadeja
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Denis K Naplekov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Oleg V Krokhin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics and Systems Biology, University of Manitoba, 799 JBRC, 715 McDermot Avenue, WinnipegR3E 3P4, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Maria A Khalikova
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Chocholouš
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Urban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ken Broeckhoven
- Department of Chemical Engineering (CHIS), Faculty of Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050Brussel, Belgium
| | - Lucie Nováková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - František Švec
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University, Heyrovského 1203/8, 500 05Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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Wu Y, Cui J, Ling Y, Wang X, Fu J, Jing C, Cheng J, Ma Y, Liu J, Liu S. Polypyrrole Cubosomes with Ordered Ultralarge Mesopore for Controllable Encapsulation and Release of Albumin. Nano Lett 2022; 22:3685-3690. [PMID: 35446565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite substantial progress in porous materials over past years, controllable preparation of conductive polymers (CPs) with continuous large pores is challenging, which are important for diverse applications, including energy storage, electrocatalysis, and biological separations. Here, we develop an unprecedented ordered bicontinuous mesoporous PPy cubosomes (mPPy-cs) using a soft-template strategy, resulting in ultralarge pores of ∼45 nm and high specific surface area of 69.5 m2 g-1. Along with their unique characteristics of adjustable surface charges and sensitivity to pH, mPPy-cs exhibited a near quantitative adsorption of albumin within 30 min, enabling efficient separation from immunoglobulin G, a typical inclusion in commercial albumin products. Moreover, the absorbed albumin could be further released in a controlled manner by lowering the pH. This work provides a feasible strategy for bottom-up construction of CPs with tailored pore sizes and nanoarchitectures, expected to attract significant attention to their properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Jing Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
- Shanghai Academy of Quality Management, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Yang Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jianwei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, 75 Daxue Road, Zhengzhou 450052, P.R. China
| | - Chengbin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
| | - Jiangong Cheng
- State Key Lab of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200050, P.R. China
| | - Yanhang Ma
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jinyao Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Nucleic Acid Chemistry and Nanomedicine, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, Engineering Research Center of Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Electronic Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, P.R. China
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Günyel Z, Aslan H, Demir N, Aydoğan C. Nano-liquid chromatography with a new nano-structured monolithic nanocolumn for proteomics analysis. J Sep Sci 2021; 44:3996-4004. [PMID: 34499809 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202100454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we report the preparation and application of a new nano-structured monolithic nanocolumn based on modified graphene oxide using narrow fused silica capillary column (e.g., 50 μm internal diameter). The nanocolumn was prepared by an in situ polymerization using butyl methacrylate, ethylene dimethacrylate, and methacryloyl graphene oxide nanoparticles. Dimethyl formamide and water were used as the porogenic solvent. After polymerization, the obtained nanocolumn was coated with dimethyloctadecylchlorosilane in order to enhance the hydrophobicity. Both isocratic and gradient nano-liquid chromatographic separations for small molecules (e.g., alkylbenzenes) and macromolecules (e.g., intact proteins) were performed. Theoretical plates number up to 3600 plates/m in isocratic mode for propylbenzene were achieved. It was demonstrated that the feasibility of graphene oxide modified monolithic nanocolumn for high-efficiency and high-throughput nanoscale proteomics analysis. The high resolving power of monolithic nanocolumn yielded sensitive protein separation with narrower peak width while a high-resolution analysis of peptides from trypsin-digested cytochrome C could be obtained. Graphene oxide based monolithic nanocolumns are promising and can allow to powerful tools for trace proteom sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Günyel
- Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Hakiye Aslan
- Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Nurullah Demir
- Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Cemil Aydoğan
- Food Analysis and Research Laboratory, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey.,Department of Food Engineering, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
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10
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Wang Y, Wang Y. [Application of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) in protein separation by capillary electrophoresis]. Se Pu 2021; 38:1022-1027. [PMID: 34213268 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE), a commonly used liquid-phase separation technology, has many advantages such as high analysis speed, high separation efficiency, and low sample consumption. Hence, CE has gained popularity in food analysis, medical clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and biological sample separation, especially in the field of protein separation and analysis. However, the fused silica capillaries that are commonly used in CE easily adsorb proteins, resulting in unstable electroosmotic flow and poor reproducibility of the separation results. In addition, due to the short optical path of the typical ultraviolet detectors employed in commercial CE, the detection sensitivity often does not meet the requirements for the direct analysis of low-abundance proteins. Therefore, developing a coating that can prevent protein adsorption and improve detection sensitivity is one of the important challenges in CE separation and analysis of proteins. Poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline), a peptide-like hydrophilic polymer, not only has hydrophilicity, protein-repellent ability, and biocompatibility similar to the gold standard of the anti-protein adsorption polymer (polyethylene glycol), but also shows better stability than polyethylene glycol due to its peptide-like structure. Therefore, it has been increasingly used in biomass transfer, drug carrier, and impedance protein adsorption in recent years. This article aims to review the recent applications of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) in CE from two standpoints. First, poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) was grafted onto the capillary inner wall using polydopamine as an anchor. The resulting coated capillary successfully separated a mixture of proteins (such as lysozyme, cytochrome C, ribonuclease A, and α -pancreas chymosinogen A), in addition to preventing the non-specific adsorption of other proteins during the quantitative analysis of melamine and lactoferrin in milk powder. Thus, the detection efficiency of melamine and lactoferrin in milk powder was improved. Second, poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) was used to produce a binary mixed brush coating with a stimulus-responsive polymer (such as polyacrylic acid). The capillary coated with the mixed brushes could adsorb high amounts of the target protein (such as bovine serum albumin and lysozyme) under certain pH and ionic strength conditions, and most of the adsorbed proteins could be desorbed by changing the pH and ionic strength. During the release, poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) present on the coating would prevent the adsorption of proteins. Under the dual effects of electroosmotic flow and electrophoresis, the released protein could migrate rapidly, and the instantaneous concentration of the protein reaching the detector could be greatly increased. Therefore, the target proteins could be on-line concentrated and the detection signals could be amplified, resulting in improved detection sensitivity for the protein. Future development trends in the function of poly(2-methyl-2-oxazoline) for the separation of proteins by CE are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yanmei Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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11
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Shinomiya K, Tokura K, Hashimoto T, Watanabe R, Takeda T, Zaima K, Ito Y. Partition Efficiency of Eccentric Coil for Countercurrent Chromatographic Separation of Proteins Using Small-scale Cross-axis Coil Planet Centrifuge with Circular and Elliptic Cylindrical Columns. ANAL SCI 2021; 37:359-365. [PMID: 33100306 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.20p292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The partition efficiency of the double-spaced coil for eccentric and toroidal coils on countercurrent chromatographic separation of proteins was evaluated using the small-scale cross-axis coil planet centrifuge (CPC) equipped with circular and elliptic cylindrical columns. Standard cytochrome c, myoglobin and lysozyme samples were used for separation with the 12.5% (w/w) polyethylene glycol 1000 and 12.5% (w/w) dibasic potassium phosphate system. In the circular column, the double-spaced eccentric coil yielded better peak resolution than the double-spaced toroidal coil, and the double-spaced eccentric coil yielded better peak resolution than the single-spaced eccentric coil. In the elliptic column, the double-spaced eccentric coil also produced better peak resolution than the double-spaced toroidal coil, but the single-spaced eccentric coil yielded better peak resolution than the double-spaced eccentric coil. The overall results indicated that the double-spaced eccentric coil for the circular column and the single-spaced eccentric coil for the elliptic column yielded better protein separation using the small-scale cross-axis CPC with aqueous two-phase solvent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koji Tokura
- College of Science and Technology, Nihon University
| | | | | | | | | | - Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health
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12
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Seručnik M, Vicente FA, Brečko Ž, Coutinho JA, Ventura SP, Žnidaršič-Plazl P. Development of a Microfluidic Platform for R-Phycoerythrin Purification Using an Aqueous Micellar Two-Phase System. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 2020; 8:17097-17105. [PMID: 33344096 PMCID: PMC7737240 DOI: 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c05042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-dependent aqueous micellar two-phase systems (AMTPSs) have recently been gaining attention in the isolation of high-added-value biomolecules from their natural sources. Despite their sustainability, aqueous two-phase systems, and particularly AMTPSs, have not been extensively applied in the industry, which might be changed by applying process integration and continuous manufacturing. Here, we report for the first time on an integrated microfluidic platform for fast and low-material-consuming development of continuous protein purification using an AMTPS. A system comprised of a microchannel incubated at high temperature, enabling instantaneous triggering of a two-phase system formation, and a microsettler, allowing complete phase separation at the outlets, is reported here. The separation of phycobiliproteins and particularly the purification of R-phycoerythrin from the contaminant proteins present in the aqueous crude extract obtained from fresh cells of Gracilaria gracilis were thereby achieved. The results from the developed microfluidic system revealed that the fractionation performance was maintained while reducing the processing time more than 20-fold when compared with the conventional lab-scale batch process. Furthermore, the integration of a miniaturized ultrafiltration module resulted in the complete removal of the surfactant from the bottom phase containing R-phycoerythrin, as well as in nearly twofold target protein concentration. The process setup successfully exploits the benefits of process intensification along with the integration of various downstream processes. Further transfer to a meso-scale integrated system would make such a system appropriate for the separation and purification of biomolecules with high commercial interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojca Seručnik
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Filipa A. Vicente
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Aveiro
Institute of Materials (CICECO), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário
de Santiago, 3810-193 PT Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Živa Brečko
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - João A.
P. Coutinho
- Aveiro
Institute of Materials (CICECO), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário
de Santiago, 3810-193 PT Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sónia P.
M. Ventura
- Aveiro
Institute of Materials (CICECO), Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário
de Santiago, 3810-193 PT Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Polona Žnidaršič-Plazl
- Faculty
of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Chair
of Microprocess Engineering and Technology–COMPETE, University
of Ljubljana, Večna
pot 113, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- . Phone: +386 1 479 8572
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13
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Liang Q, Zhou Y, Zhang Z, Huang M. [Preparation of a versatile polyethylene glycol-bonded stationary phase based on silica monolith particles and its application in multi-modal separation in high performance liquid chromatography]. Se Pu 2020; 38:937-944. [PMID: 34213186 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.03036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica monolith particles with sizes of 2-5 μm and pore sizes of 20-60 nm were obtained by grinding, flotation, pseudomorphic transformation, and hydrothermal treatment of the silica monolith prepared by the sol-gel method. The pseudomorphic transformation was performed with a dual micellar templating system consisting of Capstone FS-66, a partially fluorinated anion surfactant, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), a commonly used cation surfactant. Hydrothermal treatment with a sodium carbonate solution was adopted to further expand the pore size. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm measurement results of the silica monolith particles before and after the treatments clearly demonstrated the changes in morphology caused by these treatments. Afterward, a long-chain polyethylene glycol (PEG) containing silane was bonded on the surface of the as-prepared particles, and the resulting products were characterized by elemental analysis and FT-IR spectroscopy analysis, and evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the bonded stationary phase revealed that the bonding amount of PEG on the silica surface is about 8%. It has been shown that silica monolith particles can be treated and modified for the separation of proteins in size exclusion chromatography mode. It is also demonstrated that the bonded stationary phase can be used for the separation of ribonuclease A and lysozyme in hydrophobic interaction chromatography mode, and for the separation of highly polar compounds (picolinic acid, levodopa, melamine, and catechol) in hydrophilic interaction chromatography mode. The results indicate the versatility of the PEG-bonded stationary phase and its promising application to multi-modal separation in HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liang
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Yuhong Zhou
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Zhilun Zhang
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Mingxian Huang
- College of Science, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
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14
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Shiny Matilda C, Madhusudan I, Gaurav Isola R, Shanthi C. Potential of proteomics to probe microbes. J Basic Microbiol 2020; 60:471-483. [PMID: 32212201 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201900628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
An organism exposed to a plethora of environmental perturbations undergoes proteomic changes which enable the characterization of total proteins in it. Much of the proteomic information is obtained from genomic data. Additional information on the proteome such as posttranslational modifications, protein-protein interactions, protein localization, metabolic pathways, and so on are deduced using proteomic tools which genomics and transcriptomics fail to offer. The proteomic analysis allows identification of precise changes in proteins, which in turn solve the complexity of microbial population providing insights into the microbial metabolism, cellular pathways, and behavior of microorganisms in new environments. Furthermore, they provide clues for the exploitation of their special features for biotechnological applications. Numerous techniques for the analysis of microbial proteome such as electrophoretic, chromatographic, mass spectrometric-based methods as well as quantitative proteomics are available which facilitate protein separation, expression, identification, and quantification of proteins. An understanding of the potential of each of the proteomic tools has created a significant impact on diverse microbiological aspects and the same has been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chellaiah Shiny Matilda
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Iyengar Madhusudan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Ravi Gaurav Isola
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
| | - Chittibabu Shanthi
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, India
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15
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Fu Q, Liu L, Si Y, Yu J, Ding B. Shapeable, Underwater Superelastic, and Highly Phosphorylated Nanofibrous Aerogels for Large-Capacity and High-Throughput Protein Separation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:44874-44885. [PMID: 31670935 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b15760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Developing nanofibrous aerogels with high porosity, robust underwater mechanical strength, and rich adsorption ligands, has been considered as one of the most promising strategies for preparing the next generation of high-efficiency and high-throughput chromatographic media; yet great challenges still remain. Herein, a novel type of highly phosphorylated nanofibrous aerogels (PNFAs) is fabricated, for the first time, by combining electrospinning, cryogenic induced phase separation regulation, and in situ phosphorylation modification. The PNFAs exhibit outstanding underwater superelasticity and excellent compression fatigue resistance (∼0% plastic deformation after 1000 compression cycles), as well as favorable shape-memory property. Besides, the PNFAs also can be bent and compressed even in the ultracold liquid nitrogen without obvious plastic deformation, further highlighting their robust structural stability. Benefiting from the superelastic, interconnected, and highly phosphorylated 3D nanofibrous frameworks, the PNFAs possess a superb protein adsorption capability of 3.3 × 103 mg g-1 and a large liquid flux of 1.5 × 104 L m-2 h-1, which are superior to the commercial and previously reported fiber-based chromatographic media. Moreover, the PNFAs also exhibit superior performance stability, easy assembly, and outstanding applicability, highlighting their potential actual application. The successful preparation of such fascinating PNFAs may not only provide a new option for the current protein adsorption and purification engineering, but also could open up some new perspectives for further design and development of next-generation nanofibrous aerogel-based chromatographic media for various bioseparation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Fu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Lifang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
| | - Yang Si
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology , Donghua University , Shanghai 200051 , China
| | - Jianyong Yu
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology , Donghua University , Shanghai 200051 , China
| | - Bin Ding
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Textiles , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology , Donghua University , Shanghai 200051 , China
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16
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Schork N, Schuhmann S, Nirschl H, Guthausen G. In situ measurement of deposit layer formation during skim milk filtration by MRI. Magn Reson Chem 2019; 57:738-748. [PMID: 30604888 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Filtration and separation via membranes are key processes in food processing. One major application of membrane filtration is in the dairy industry, aiming for the separation of different milk proteins. The various chemical components of milk possess different physiochemical properties and can be used most effectively in food processing if they are separately available and remain in their native state. Microfiltration of skim milk allows a fractionation of the milk proteins casein and whey by size. A deposit is formed on the membrane surface mainly but not exclusively by micellar casein proteins during filtration. Membrane pore blockage by whey proteins and fouling occur during membrane filtration, negatively affecting the yield of the whey protein fraction. Skim milk filtration and the deposit layer formation were measured time and spatially resolved by in situ magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The nature of the fouling layer was investigated during dead-end filtration in ceramic hollow fiber membranes. MRI was used to further clarify the influence of operating conditions on separation and filtration mechanisms that are responsible for growth of the fouling layer and its reversibility. The MRI measurements were analyzed for a detailed description of skim milk filtration by modeling the signal intensity distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Schork
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Sebastian Schuhmann
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Hermann Nirschl
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gisela Guthausen
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Chair of Water Chemistry and Water Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
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17
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Song Y, Fan JB, Li X, Liang X, Wang S. pH-Regulated Heterostructure Porous Particles Enable Similarly Sized Protein Separation. Adv Mater 2019; 31:e1900391. [PMID: 30811723 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Porous particles are frequently used for various healthcare applications that involve protein separation processes. However, conventional porous particles, either homogeneous particles or those subjected to surface modification with a layer of specific molecules, often encounter bottlenecks in separating proteins with similar size. Here, it is reported that heterostructure-enabled separation particles (HESP), synthesized by a double emulsion interfacial polymerization process, can effectively and rapidly separate similarly sized proteins. Double emulsion interfacial polymerization endows the HESP with a nanoscale carboxylic layer outside the particles and inside the pores, allowing pH-regulated selective adsorption of proteins. Thus, by optimizing the environmental pH, proteins with similar size can be effectively and rapidly separated. These HESP are expected to show potential in widespread applications ranging from biomolecule adsorption, encapsulation, and separation to controlled release and other biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongyang Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Bing Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiuling Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Shutao Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Chen J, Zhu L, Ren L, Teng C, Wang Y, Jiang B, He J. Fabrication of Monodisperse Porous Silica Microspheres with a Tunable Particle Size and Pore Size for Protein Separation. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2018; 1:604-612. [PMID: 34996193 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Monodisperse porous silica microspheres with a tunable particle size and pore size were fabricated by utilizing porous polymer microspheres as a novel hard template during the sol-gel process followed by calcination to remove the polymer. The particle size and pore size could be simply tuned by the feature of the polymer template and reaction conditions such as different functionalization of the parent polymer template, particle size of polymer template, and amount of TEOS during the sol-gel process. EDA (ethylenediamine), APTES (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane, and TMA (trimethylamine hydrochloride) functionalization of porous poly(GMA-co-EGDMA) microspheres were carried out to study their effect on the synthesized porous silica microspheres. The TMA-functionalized polymer microspheres led to a higher yield, smaller silica nanoparticles, and no self-nucleation of TEOS due to their positive surface charge. Furthermore, no addition of NaOH during TMA functionalization and the amount of TEOS during the sol-gel process played key roles in determining the pore size and particle size of porous silica microspheres. Then, through poly(aspartic acid) coating of the APTES-functionalized monodisperse porous silica microspheres, the modified monodisperse porous silica microspheres were explored as the stationary phase of HPLC for protein separation. The effects of particle size and pore size on the chromatographic behavior were discussed. When the protein mixture composed of transferrin, hemoglobin, ribonuclease A, cytochrome C, and lysozyme was used as the model analytes, the as-prepared silica microspheres exhibited an excellent separation performance with a high protein recovery and good reproducibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwei Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Materials Research, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Heavy Metal Pollution Control and Reutilization, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianbing Ren
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Materials Research, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Teng
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Materials Research, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Materials Research, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Biwang Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Materials Research, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie He
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nano-Micro Materials Research, Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Shenzhen Graduate School of Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China.,Shenzhen Weiguang Biological Products Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518107, People's Republic of China
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19
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Kong DYC, Gerontas S, McCluckie RA, Mewies M, Gruber D, Titchener‐Hooker NJ. Effects of bed compression on protein separation on gel filtration chromatography at bench and pilot scale. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 2018; 93:1959-1965. [PMID: 30008505 PMCID: PMC6032880 DOI: 10.1002/jctb.5411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorly packed chromatography columns are known to reduce drastically the column efficiency and produce broader peaks. Controlled bed compression has been suggested to be a useful approach for solving this problem. Here the relationship between column efficiency and resolution of protein separation are examined when preparative chromatography media were compressed using mechanical and hydrodynamic methods. Sepharose CL-6B, an agarose based size exclusion media was examined at bench and pilot scale. The asymmetry and height equivalent of a theoretical plate (HETP) was determined by using 2% v/v acetone, whereas the void volume and intraparticle porosity (ϵ p) were estimated by using blue dextran. A protein mixture of ovalbumin (chicken), bovine serum albumin (BSA) and γ'- globulin (bovine) with molecular weights of 44, 67 and 158 kDa, respectively, were used as a 'model' separation challenge. RESULTS Mechanical compression achieved a reduction in plate height for the column with a concomitant improvement in asymmetry. Furthermore, the theoretical plate height decreased significantly with mechanical compression resulting in a 40% improvement in purity compared with uncompressed columns at the most extreme conditions of compression used. CONCLUSION The results suggest that the mechanical bed compression of Sepharose CL-6B can be used to improve the resolution of protein separation. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl YC Kong
- Department of Biochemical EngineeringUniversity College LondonUK
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Li X, Long J, Hua Y, Chen Y, Kong X, Zhang C. Protein Separation Coacervation with Carboxymethyl Cellulose of Different Substitution Degree: Noninteracting Behavior of Bowman-Birk Chymotrypsin Inhibitor. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:4439-4448. [PMID: 29565587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We first observed that protein/polysaccharide interaction exhibited noninteracting behavior which makes Bowman-Birk chymotrypsin inhibitor (BBI) always free of complexation, being separated from another protein with similar isoelectric points, Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI). Turbidity titrations showed that the electrostatic attractions were much stronger between KTI/BBI (KBi) and carboxymethyl cellulose of higher substitution degree. Unchanged chymotrypsin inhibitory activity (CIA) indicated that BBI had negligible contribution to protein recovery and trypsin inhibitory activity (TIA). Tricine-SDS-PAGE revealed that, at r = 20:1-2:1, unbound BBI was left in the supernatant when bound KTI transferred into precipitates, even if there was excess negative charge. Thus, purified KTI or BBI was achieved easily at the given conditions. The noninteracting behavior of BBI was further confirmed by ITC, where the binding enthalpy of BBI to CMC was negligible compared with the high binding affinity ( Kb) of KTI. This work will be beneficial to protein purification based on protein-polysaccharide coacervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Long
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yufei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yeming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangzhen Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Caimeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu Province 214122 , People's Republic of China
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Maurye P, Basu A, Biswas JK, Bandyopadhyay TK, Naskar M. Simple and rapid system for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis technique: A laboratory exercise for high school students. Biochem Mol Biol Educ 2018; 46:237-244. [PMID: 29488320 DOI: 10.1002/bmb.21116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is the most classical technique favored worldwide for resolution of macromolecules in many biochemistry laboratories due to its incessant advanced developments and wide modifications. These ever-growing advancements in the basic laboratory equipments lead to emergence of many expensive, complex, and tricky laboratory equipments. Practical courses of biochemistry at high school or undergraduate levels are often affected by these complications. Two dimensional gel electrophoresis technique (2D-PAGE) used for resolving thousands of proteins in a gel is a combination of isoelectric focusing (first dimension gel electrophoresis technique) and sodium-dodecylsulphate PAGE (second dimension gel electrophoresis technique or SDS-PAGE). Two different laboratory equipments are needed to carry out effective 2D-PAGE technique, which also invites extra burden to the school laboratory. Here, we describe a low cost, time saving and simple gel cassette for protein 2D-PAGE technique that uses easily fabricated components and routine off-the-shelf materials. The performance of the apparatus was verified in a practical exercise by a group of high school students with positive outcomes. © 2018 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 46(3):237-244, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Maurye
- Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (I.C.A.R.), Barrackpore Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Arpita Basu
- Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (I.C.A.R.), Barrackpore Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies and International Centre for Ecological Engineering, University of Kalyani, Nadia, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Tapas Kumar Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Malay Naskar
- Fishery Resource and Environmental Management Division, Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (I.C.A.R.), Barrackpore Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Ketterer B, Ooi HW, Brekel D, Trouillet V, Barner L, Franzreb M, Barner-Kowollik C. Dual-Gated Microparticles for Switchable Antibody Release. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:1450-1462. [PMID: 29220575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We pioneer the design of dual-gated microparticles, both responsive to changes in temperature and pH, for stimuli-responsive chromatography targeted at the efficient separation of antibodies. Dual-gated microspheres were synthesized by introducing RAFT-based thiol-terminal block copolymers of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-b-4-vinylpyridine) (P(NIPAM-b-4VP, 4800 ≤ Mn/Da ≤ 10 000, featuring block length ratios of 29:7, 29:15, and 29:30, respectively) by thiol-epoxy driven ligation to the surface of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microparticles (10-12 μm), whereby the 4-vinylpyridine units within the lateral chain enable protein binding. The switchable protein release abilities of the resulting microparticle resins are demonstrated by adsorption of immunoglobulins at 40 °C and pH 8 and their release at 5 °C or pH 3, respectively. We demonstrate that P(NIPAM29-b-4VP30)-grafted PGMA particles show a maximum adsorption capacity for immunoglobulins of 18.9 mg mL-1 settled resin at 40 °C/pH 8, whereas the adsorption capacity decreased to 7.5 mg mL-1 settled resin at 5 °C while retaining the pH value, allowing the unloading of the chromatographic column by a facile temperature switch. Critically, regeneration of the dual-gated microspheres became possible by lowering the pH to 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Ketterer
- Institute for Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Huey Wen Ooi
- Institute for Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Dominik Brekel
- Institute for Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) and Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Leonie Barner
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Matthias Franzreb
- Institute for Functional Interfaces (IFG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Christopher Barner-Kowollik
- Macromolecular Architectures, Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Engesserstr. 18, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for Biological Interfaces (IBG), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) , Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT) , 2 George Street, QLD 4000, Brisbane, Australia
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Niu M, Ma H, Hu F, Wang S, Liu L, Chang H, Huang M. [Preparation of large-pore silica microspheres using templating method and their applications to protein separation with high performance liquid chromatography]. Se Pu 2017; 35:565-71. [PMID: 29048781 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2017.03018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-pore silica microspheres were synthesized by utilizing weak cation exchange polymer beads as templates, N-trimethoxysilylpropyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (TMSPTMA) as a structure-directing agent, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as a silica precursor, and triethanolamine as a weak base catalyst. The hydrolysis and condensation of the silica precursors occurred inside the templating polymer beads yielded polymer/silica composite microspheres. After the organic polymer templates were removed in the calcination step, large-pore silica microspheres were produced. The effects of different reaction conditions on the morphology, structure and dispersibility of the formed silica microspheres were investigated. It has been shown that when the volume ratio of TMSPTMA, TEOS and triethanolamine was 1:2:2, silica microspheres with pore size range of 50-150 nm and particle size around 2 μm were obtained. The as-prepared silica microspheres were then bonded with chlorodimethyloctadecylsilane (C18), packed into a 50 mm×4.6 mm column, and evaluated for the separations of some common standard proteins and soybean isolation proteins. The results showed that the large-pore silica spheres from this work have potentials for protein separation in HPLC.
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Ito Y, Clary R. Comparison in partition efficiency of protein separation between four different tubing modifications in spiral high-speed countercurrent chromatography. SEPARATIONS 2016; 3:31. [PMID: 27790621 PMCID: PMC5076879 DOI: 10.3390/separations3040031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
High-speed countercurrent chromatography with a spiral tube assembly can retain a satisfactory amount of stationary phase of polymer phase systems used for protein separation. In order to improve the partition efficiency a simple tool to modify the tubing shapes was fabricated, and the following four different tubing modifications were made: intermittently pressed at 10 mm width, flat, flat-wave, and flat-twist. Partition efficiencies of the separation column made from these modified tubing were examined in protein separation with an aqueous-aqueous polymer phase system at flow rates of 1-2 ml/min under 800 rpm. The results indicated that the column with all modified tubing improved the partition efficiency at a flow rate of 1 ml/min, but at a higher flow rate of 2 ml/min the columns made of flattened tubing showed lowered partition efficiency apparently due to the loss of the retained stationary phase. Among all the modified columns, the column with intermittently pressed tubing gave the best peak resolution. It may be concluded that the intermittently pressed and flat-twist improve the partition efficiency in a semi-preparative separation while other modified tubing of flat and flat-wave configurations may be used for analytical separations with a low flow rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Ito
- Laboratory of Bioseparation Technology, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892. USA
| | - Robert Clary
- Machine Instrumentation Design and Fabrication, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Murphy S, Dowling P, Ohlendieck K. Comparative Skeletal Muscle Proteomics Using Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis. Proteomes 2016; 4:proteomes4030027. [PMID: 28248237 PMCID: PMC5217355 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes4030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The pioneering work by Patrick H. O’Farrell established two-dimensional gel electrophoresis as one of the most important high-resolution protein separation techniques of modern biochemistry (Journal of Biological Chemistry1975, 250, 4007–4021). The application of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis has played a key role in the systematic identification and detailed characterization of the protein constituents of skeletal muscles. Protein changes during myogenesis, muscle maturation, fibre type specification, physiological muscle adaptations and natural muscle aging were studied in depth by the original O’Farrell method or slightly modified gel electrophoretic techniques. Over the last 40 years, the combined usage of isoelectric focusing in the first dimension and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis in the second dimension has been successfully employed in several hundred published studies on gel-based skeletal muscle biochemistry. This review focuses on normal and physiologically challenged skeletal muscle tissues and outlines key findings from mass spectrometry-based muscle proteomics, which was instrumental in the identification of several thousand individual protein isoforms following gel electrophoretic separation. These muscle-associated protein species belong to the diverse group of regulatory and contractile proteins of the acto-myosin apparatus that forms the sarcomere, cytoskeletal proteins, metabolic enzymes and transporters, signaling proteins, ion-handling proteins, molecular chaperones and extracellular matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Murphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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Wang Y, Wang G, Xiao Y, Yang Y, Tang R. Yolk-shell nanostructured Fe3O4@NiSiO3 for selective affinity and magnetic separation of His-tagged proteins. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2014; 6:19092-19099. [PMID: 25303145 DOI: 10.1021/am505041a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments of nanotechnology encourage novel materials for facile separations and purifications of recombinant proteins, which are of great importance in disease diagnoses and treatments. We find that Fe3O4@NiSiO3 with yolk-shell nanostructure can be used to specifically purify histidine-tagged (His-tagged) proteins from mixtures of lysed cells with a recyclable process. Each individual nanoparticle composes by a mesoporous nickel silicate shell and a magnetic Fe3O4 core in the hollow inner, which is featured by its great loading efficiency and rapid response toward magnetic fields. The abundant Ni(2+) cations on the shell provide docking sites for selective coordination of histidine and the reversible release is induced by excess imidazole solution. Because of the Fe3O4 cores, the separation, concentration, and recycling of the nanocomposites become feasible under the controls of magnets. These characteristics would be highly beneficial in nanoparticle-based biomedical applications for targeted-drug delivery and biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Center for Biomaterials and Biopathways, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310027, China
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Azadi G, Chauhan A, Tripathi A. Dilution of protein-surfactant complexes: a fluorescence study. Protein Sci 2013; 22:1258-65. [PMID: 23868358 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Dilution of protein-surfactant complexes is an integrated step in microfluidic protein sizing, where the contribution of free micelles to the overall fluorescence is reduced by dilution. This process can be further improved by establishing an optimum surfactant concentration and quantifying the amount of protein based on the fluorescence intensity. To this end, we study the interaction of proteins with anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cationic hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) using a hydrophobic fluorescent dye (sypro orange). We analyze these interactions fluourometrically with bovine serum albumin, carbonic anhydrase, and beta-galactosidase as model proteins. The fluorescent signature of protein-surfactant complexes at various dilution points shows three distinct regions, surfactant dominant, breakdown, and protein dominant region. Based on the dilution behavior of protein-surfactant complexes, we propose a fluorescence model to explain the contribution of free and bound micelles to the overall fluorescence. Our results show that protein peak is observed at 3 mM SDS as the optimum dilution concentration. Furthermore, we study the effect of protein concentration on fluorescence intensity. In a single protein model with a constant dye quantum yield, the peak height increases with protein concentration. Finally, addition of CTAB to the protein-SDS complex at mole fractions above 0.1 shifts the protein peak from 3 mM to 4 mM SDS. The knowledge of protein-surfactant interactions obtained from these studies provides significant insights for novel detection and quantification techniques in microfluidics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glareh Azadi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, 02912
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Lv Y, Alejandro FM, Fréchet JMJ, Svec F. Preparation of porous polymer monoliths featuring enhanced surface coverage with gold nanoparticles. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1261:121-8. [PMID: 22542442 PMCID: PMC3424317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to the preparation of porous polymer monoliths with enhanced coverage of pore surface with gold nanoparticles has been developed. First, a generic poly(glycidyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolith was reacted with cystamine followed by the cleavage of its disulfide bonds with tris(2-carboxylethyl)phosphine, which liberated the desired thiol groups. Dispersions of gold nanoparticles with sizes varying from 5 to 40 nm were then pumped through the functionalized monoliths. The materials were then analyzed using both energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. We found that the quantity of attached gold was dependent on the size of nanoparticles, with the maximum attachment of more than 60 wt% being achieved with 40 nm nanoparticles. Scanning electron micrographs of the cross sections of all the monoliths revealed the formation of a non-aggregated, homogenous monolayer of nanoparticles. The surface of the bound gold was functionalized with 1-octanethiol and 1-octadecanethiol, and these monolithic columns were used successfully for the separations of proteins in reversed phase mode. The best separations were obtained using monoliths modified with 15, 20, and 30 nm nanoparticles since these sizes produced the most dense coverage of pore surface with gold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqin Lv
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Yang GX, Li X, Snyder M. Investigating metabolite-protein interactions: an overview of available techniques. Methods 2012; 57:459-66. [PMID: 22750303 PMCID: PMC3448827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolites comprise the molar majority of chemical substances in living cells, and metabolite-protein interactions are expected to be quite common. Many interactions have already been identified and have been shown to be involved in the regulation of different types of cellular processes including signaling events, enzyme activities, protein localizations and interactions. Recent technological advances have greatly facilitated the detection of metabolite-protein interactions at high sensitivity and some of these have been applied on a large scale. In this manuscript, we review the available in vitro, in silico and in vivo technologies for mapping small-molecule-protein interactions. Although some of these were developed for drug-protein interactions they can be applied for mapping metabolite-protein interactions. Information gained from the use of these approaches can be applied to the manipulation of cellular processes and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Xiaolu Yang
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford CA
| | - Xiyan Li
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Michael Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
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Song Y, Tao L, Shen X. Synthesis of new type of Au-magnetic nanocomposite and application for protein separation thereof. Nanoscale Res Lett 2012; 7:369. [PMID: 22759882 PMCID: PMC3423036 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We present a different strategy for synthesizing the Au-γ-Fe2O3 bifunctional nanoparticle by using a larger (50 nm) Au nanoparticle as the core surrounded by smaller (10 nm) γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles. The synthesis of the composite nanoparticles is quite facile based on a simple redox process whereby Fe2+ is used to reduce Au3+. The morphology and composition of the product is measured by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction and UV-vis spectroscopy. We demonstrate the utility of these as-prepared Au-γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles by showing they can be used to separate proteins in solution. For example, bovine serum is efficiently removed from an aqueous solution with the simple addition of the NPs and application of a small magnet. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is performed to evaluate the fidelity and efficiency of the protein separation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Research Division of Pharmacology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Ling Tao
- Research Division of Pharmacology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- Research Division of Pharmacology, Guiyang Medical College, Guiyang 550004, China
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Yang Y, Gu D, Aisa HA, Ito Y. Evaluation of the performance of protein separation in figure-8 centrifugal counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3802-5. [PMID: 22100551 PMCID: PMC3232299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 10/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The performance of protein separation using the figure-8 column configuration in centrifugal counter-current chromatography was investigated under various flow rates and revolution speeds. The separation was performed with a two-phase solvent system composed of polyethylene glycol 1000/potassium phosphate each at 12.5% (w/w) in water and with lysozyme and myoglobin as test samples. In order to improve tracing of the elution curve, a hollow fiber membrane dialyzer was inserted at the inlet of the UV detector. The results showed that the retention of stationary phase (Sf) and resolution (Rs) increased with decreased flow rate and increased revolution speed. The highest Rs of approximately 1 was obtained at a flow rate of 0.01 mL/min under a revolution speed of 1200 rpm with a 3.4 mL capacity column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Bioseparation Technology Laboratory, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 8N230, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Dongyu Gu
- Bioseparation Technology Laboratory, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 8N230, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Plant Resources in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yoichiro Ito
- Bioseparation Technology Laboratory, Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 8N230, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Moore L, LeJeune ZM, Luces CA, Gates AT, Li M, El-Zahab B, Garno JC, Warner IM. Lysine-based zwitterionic molecular micelle for simultaneous separation of acidic and basic proteins using open tubular capillary electrochromatography. Anal Chem 2010; 82:3997-4005. [PMID: 20420412 PMCID: PMC2902365 DOI: 10.1021/ac902723n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a zwitterionic molecular micelle, poly-epsilon-sodium-undecanoyl lysinate (poly-epsilon-SUK), was synthesized and employed as a coating in open tubular capillary electrochromatography (OT-CEC) for protein separation. The zwitterionic poly-epsilon-SUK containing both carboxylic acid and amine groups can be either protonated or deprotonated depending on the pH of the background electrolyte; therefore, either an overall positively or negatively charged coating can be achieved. This zwitterionic coating allows protein separations in either normal or reverse polarity mode depending on the pH of the background electrolyte. The protein mixtures contained four basic proteins (lysozyme, cytochrome c, alpha-chymotrypsinogen A, and ribonuclease A) and six acidic proteins (myoglobin, deoxyribonuclease I, beta-lactoglobulin A, beta-lactoglobulin B, alpha-lactalbumin, and albumin). Protein separations were optimized specifically for acidic (reverse mode) and basic (normal mode) pH values. Varying the polymer thickness by changing the polymer and salt concentration had a great influence on protein resolution, while nearly all peaks were also baseline resolved in both modes using the optimized poly-epsilon-SUK coating concentration of 0.4% (w/v). Proteins in human sera were separated under optimized acidic and basic conditions in order to demonstrate the general utility of this coating. Nanoscale characterizations of the poly-epsilon-SUK micellar coatings on silicon surfaces were accomplished using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to gain insight into the morphology and thickness of the zwitterionic coating. The thickness of the polymer coating ranged from 0.9 to 2.4 nm based on local measurements using nanoshaving, an AFM-based method of nanolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Zorabel M. LeJeune
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Candace A. Luces
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Arther T. Gates
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Min Li
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Bilal El-Zahab
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Jayne C. Garno
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
| | - Isiah M. Warner
- Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803
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Buchholz BA, Haack KW, Sporty JL, Buckpitt AR, Morin D. Free flow electrophoresis separation and AMS quantitation of C-naphthalene-protein adducts. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res B 2010; 268:1324-1327. [PMID: 20454606 PMCID: PMC2864045 DOI: 10.1016/j.nimb.2009.10.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Naphthalene is a volatile aromatic hydrocarbon to which humans are exposed from a variety of sources including mobile air sources and cigarette smoke. Naphthalene produces dose- (concentration) dependent injury to airway epithelial cells of murine lung which is observed at concentrations well below the current occupational exposure standard. Toxicity is dependent upon the cytochrome P450 mediated metabolic activation of the parent substrate to unstable metabolites which become bound covalently to tissue proteins. Nearly 70 proteins have been identified as forming adducts with reactive naphthalene metabolites using in vitro systems but very little work has been conducted in vivo because reasonably large amounts (100 μCi) of (14)C labeled parent compound must be administered to generate detectable adduct levels on storage phosphor screens following separation of labeled proteins by 2 D gel electrophoresis. The work described here was done to provide proof of concept that protein separation by free flow electrophoresis followed by AMS detection of protein fractions containing protein bound reactive metabolites would provide adducted protein profiles in animals dosed with trace quantities of labeled naphthalene. Mice were administered 200 mg/kg naphthalene intraperitoneally at a calculated specific activity of 2 DPM/nmol (1 pCi/nmol) and respiratory epithelial tissue was obtained by lysis lavage 4 hr post injection. Free flow electrophoresis (FFE) separates proteins in the liquid phase over a large pH range (2.5-11.5) using low molecular weight acids and bases to modify the pH. The apparatus separates fractions into standard 96-well plates that can be used in other protein analysis techniques. The buffers of the fractions have very high carbon content, however, and need to be dialyzed to yield buffers compatible with (14)C-AMS. We describe the processing techniques required to couple FFE to AMS for quantitation of protein adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A. Buchholz
- Center for AMS, LLNL, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
- Corresponding author. Office:1-925-422-1739 FAX: 1-925-423-7884
| | - Kurt W. Haack
- Center for AMS, LLNL, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, CA 94551 USA
| | | | - Alan R. Buckpitt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
| | - Dexter Morin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA
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Levkin PA, Eeltink S, Stratton TR, Brennen R, Robotti K, Yin H, Killeen K, Svec F, Fréchet JMJ. Monolithic porous polymer stationary phases in polyimide chips for the fast high-performance liquid chromatography separation of proteins and peptides. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1200:55-61. [PMID: 18374934 PMCID: PMC2518059 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2008] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly(lauryl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) and poly(styrene-co-divinylbenzene) stationary phases in monolithic format have been prepared by thermally initiated free radical polymerization within polyimide chips featuring channels having a cross-section of 200micromx200microm and a length of 6.8cm. These chips were then used for the separation of a mixture of proteins including ribonuclease A, myoglobin, cytochrome c, and ovalbumin, as well as peptides. The separations were monitored by UV adsorption. Both the monolithic phases based on methacrylate and on styrene chemistries enabled the rapid baseline separation of most of the test mixtures. Best performance was achieved with the styrenic monolith leading to fast baseline separation of all four proteins in less than 2.5min. The in situ monolith preparation process affords microfluidic devices exhibiting good batch-to-batch and injection-to-injection repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Levkin
- College of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1460, USA
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Kim H, Lubman DM. Micro-proteome analysis using micro-chromatofocusing in intact protein separations. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1194:3-10. [PMID: 18407281 PMCID: PMC2479787 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2007] [Revised: 03/14/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Multi-dimensional liquid-based separation is required for fractionation and mapping of complex protein mixtures from cells. A method that has been used as the first dimension in such separations is chromatofocusing (CF), which is based on generating a pH gradient on an anion exchange column. The use of pH in the first dimension is essential where pH is a fundamental property of proteins and can provide information on post-translationally modified forms of a protein. In this work, a micro-chromatofocusing technique is introduced which can separate microgram levels of proteins from cell lysates for further analysis by LC-MS/MS. It is shown that this method can analyze 10 microg of sample and detect nearly 700-800 proteins from ovarian cancer cell line lysates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
| | - David M. Lubman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical Center, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Michigan, 48109, Ann Arbor, MI, U.S.A
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