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Rizzo D, Aglietti C, Benigno A, Bracalini M, Da Lio D, Bartolini L, Cappellini G, Aronadio A, Francia C, Luchi N, Santini A, Cacciola SO, Panzavolta T, Moricca S. Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) and SYBR Green qPCR for Fast and Reliable Detection of Geosmithia morbida (Kolařik) in Infected Walnut. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:1239. [PMID: 35567240 PMCID: PMC9105940 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Walnut species (Juglans spp.) are multipurpose trees, widely employed in plantation forestry for high-quality timber and nut production, as well as in urban greening as ornamental plants. These species are currently threatened by the thousand cankers disease (TCD) complex, an insect-fungus association which involves the ascomycete Geosmithia morbida (GM) and its vector, the bark beetle Pityophthorus juglandis. While TCD has been studied extensively where it originated in North America, little research has been carried out in Europe, where it was more recently introduced. A key step in research to cope with this new phytosanitary emergency is the development of effective molecular detection tools. In this work, we report two accurate molecular methods for the diagnosis of GM, based on LAMP (real-time and visual) and SYBR Green qPCR, which are complimentary to and integrated with similar recently developed assays. Our protocols detected GM DNA from pure mycelium and from infected woody tissue with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, without cross-reactivity to a large panel of taxonomically related species. The precision and robustness of our tests guarantee high diagnostic standards and could be used to support field diagnostic end-users in TCD monitoring and surveillance campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Rizzo
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, Via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy; (D.R.); (L.B.); (G.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Chiara Aglietti
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Alessandra Benigno
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Matteo Bracalini
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Daniele Da Lio
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Linda Bartolini
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, Via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy; (D.R.); (L.B.); (G.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Giovanni Cappellini
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, Via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy; (D.R.); (L.B.); (G.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Antonio Aronadio
- Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, c/o Interporto Toscano “Amerigo Vespucci”, Collesalvetti, 57014 Livorno, Italy;
| | - Cristina Francia
- Laboratory of Phytopathological Diagnostics and Molecular Biology, Plant Protection Service of Tuscany, Via Ciliegiole 99, 51100 Pistoia, Italy; (D.R.); (L.B.); (G.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Nicola Luchi
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (N.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Alberto Santini
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council (IPSP-CNR), Via Madonna del Piano 10, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy; (N.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Santa Olga Cacciola
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Tiziana Panzavolta
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (T.P.)
| | - Salvatore Moricca
- Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Forestry Science and Technology (DAGRI), Plant Pathology and Entomology Section, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 28, 50144 Florence, Italy; (C.A.); (A.B.); (M.B.); (T.P.)
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Blaser S, Diem H, von Felten A, Gueuning M, Andreou M, Boonham N, Tomlinson J, Müller P, Utzinger J, Frey JE, Bühlmann A. From laboratory to point of entry: development and implementation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based genetic identification system to prevent introduction of quarantine insect species. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:1504-1512. [PMID: 29363271 PMCID: PMC5969315 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid genetic on-site identification methods at points of entry, such as seaports and airports, have the potential to become important tools to prevent the introduction and spread of economically harmful pest species that are unintentionally transported by the global trade of plant commodities. This paper reports the development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based identification system to prevent introduction of the three most frequently encountered regulated quarantine insect species groups at Swiss borders, Bemisia tabaci, Thrips palmi and several regulated fruit flies of the genera Bactrocera and Zeugodacus. RESULTS The LAMP primers were designed to target a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene and were generated based on publicly available DNA sequences. Laboratory evaluations analysing 282 insect specimens suspected to be quarantine organisms revealed an overall test efficiency of 99%. Additional on-site evaluation at a point of entry using 37 specimens performed by plant health inspectors with minimal laboratory training resulted in an overall test efficiency of 95%. During both evaluation rounds, there were no false-positives and the observed false-negatives were attributable to human-induced manipulation errors. To overcome the possibility of accidental introduction of pests as a result of rare false-negative results, samples yielding negative results in the LAMP method were also subjected to DNA barcoding. CONCLUSION Our LAMP assays reliably differentiated between the tested regulated and non-regulated insect species within <1 h. Hence, LAMP assays represent suitable tools for rapid on-site identification of harmful pests, which might facilitate an accelerated import control process for plant commodities. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Blaser
- Agroscope, Department of Method Development and AnalyticsWädenswilSwitzerland
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteBaselSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Hanspeter Diem
- Federal Office for AgricultureSwiss Federal Plant Protection Service, Zurich AirportZurichSwitzerland
| | - Andreas von Felten
- Federal Office for AgricultureSwiss Federal Plant Protection ServiceBernSwitzerland
| | - Morgan Gueuning
- Agroscope, Department of Method Development and AnalyticsWädenswilSwitzerland
| | | | - Neil Boonham
- The Food and Environment Research AgencyYorkUK
- Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Pie Müller
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteBaselSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Jürg Utzinger
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteBaselSwitzerland
- University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Jürg E Frey
- Agroscope, Department of Method Development and AnalyticsWädenswilSwitzerland
| | - Andreas Bühlmann
- Agroscope, Department of Plants and Plant ProductsWädenswilSwitzerland
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