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Pyun D, Choi D, Bae S, Lee SW, Song H, Jeong SH, Lee S, Hwang JK, Cho S, Lee H, Woo M, Lee Y, Kim K, Kim Y, Lee C, Choe Y, Kang Y, Kim D, Lee HS. Titanium Silicide: A Promising Candidate of Recombination Layer for Perovskite/Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact Silicon Two-Terminal Tandem Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024. [PMID: 38771721 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
This study proposes a titanium silicide (TiSi2) recombination layer for perovskite/tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) 2-T tandem solar cells as an alternative to conventional transparent conductive oxide (TCO)-based recombination layers. TiSi2 was formed while TiO2 was made by oxidizing a Ti film deposited on the p+-Si layer. The reaction formation mechanism was proposed based on the diffusion theory supported by experimental results. The optical and electrical properties of the TiSi2 layer were optimized by controlling the initial Ti thicknesses (5-100 nm). With the initial Ti of 50 nm, the lowest reflectance and highly ohmic contact between the TiO2 and p+-Si layers with a contact resistivity of 161.48 mΩ·cm2 were obtained. In contrast, the TCO interlayer shows Schottky behavior with much higher contact resistivities. As the recombination layer of TiSi2 and the electron transport layer of TiO2 are formed simultaneously, the process steps become simpler. Finally, the MAPbI3/TOPCon tandem device yielded an efficiency of 16.23%, marking the first reported efficiency for a device including a silicide-based interlayer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dowon Pyun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyun Bae
- Photovoltaic Laboratory, Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER), Daejeon 34129, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- SUNCAT Center for Interface Science and Catalysis, Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Hoyoung Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Solhee Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Keun Hwang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujin Cho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiyeon Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongji Woo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Kim
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhyun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Choe
- Institute of Energy Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonmook Kang
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Seok Lee
- Graduate School of Energy and Environment (KU-KIST Green School), Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Kern S, Yi G, Büttner P, Scheler F, Tran MH, Korenko S, Dehm KE, Kundrata I, Zahl A, Albrecht S, Bachmann J, Crisp RW. Monolithic Two-Terminal Tandem Solar Cells Using Sb 2S 3 and Solution-Processed PbS Quantum Dots Achieving an Open-Circuit Potential beyond 1.1 V. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:13903-13913. [PMID: 38459939 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Multijunction solar cells have the prospect of a greater theoretical efficiency limit than single-junction solar cells by minimizing the transmissive and thermalization losses a single absorber material has. In solar cell applications, Sb2S3 is considered an attractive absorber due to its elemental abundance, stability, and high absorption coefficient in the visible range of the solar spectrum, yet with a band gap of 1.7 eV, it is transmissive for near-IR and IR photons. Using it as the top cell (the cell where light is first incident) in a two-terminal tandem architecture in combination with a bottom cell (the cell where light arrives second) of PbS quantum dots (QDs), which have an adjustable band gap suitable for absorbing longer wavelengths, is a promising approach to harvest the solar spectrum more effectively. In this work, these two subcells are monolithically fabricated and connected in series by a poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)-ZnO tunnel junction as the recombination layer. We explore the surface morphology of ZnO QD films with different spin-coating conditions, which serve as the PbS QD cell's electron transport material. Furthermore, we examine the differences in photogenerated current upon varying the PbS QD absorber layer thickness and the electrical and optical characteristics of the tandem with respect to the stand-alone reference cells. This tandem architecture demonstrates an extended spectral response into the IR with an open-circuit potential exceeding 1.1 V and a power conversion efficiency of 5.6%, which is greater than that of each single-junction cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina Kern
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Gyusang Yi
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Pascal Büttner
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Florian Scheler
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
- Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Minh-Hoa Tran
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Sofia Korenko
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Katharina E Dehm
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Ivan Kundrata
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Achim Zahl
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Steve Albrecht
- Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin 12489, Germany
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Ryan W Crisp
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, Erlangen 91058, Germany
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Liu N, Wang L, Xu F, Wu J, Song T, Chen Q. Recent Progress in Developing Monolithic Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cells. Front Chem 2021; 8:603375. [PMID: 33415097 PMCID: PMC7783359 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.603375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monolithic perovskite/Silicon tandem solar cells have reached a certified efficiency of 29. 1% in recent years. In this review, we discuss material design for monolithic perovskite/Si tandem solar cells, with the focus on the top-cell development to improve their performance. Firstly, we introduce different types of transparent electrodes with high transmittance and low sheet-resistance used in tandem solar cells. We then discuss the development of the wide-bandgap perovskite absorber for top-cells, especially the strategies to obtain the perovskite layers with good efficiency and stability. In addition, as a special functional layer in tandem solar cells, the recombination layers play an important role in device performance, wherein different configurations are summarized. Furthermore, tandem device cost analysis is discussed. This review summarizes the progress of monolithic perovskite/Silicon tandem solar cells in a pragmatic perspective, which may promote the commercialization of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Liu
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jiafeng Wu
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Tinglu Song
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Experimental Center of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
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Hu L, Wang Y, Shivarudraiah SB, Yuan J, Guan X, Geng X, Younis A, Hu Y, Huang S, Wu T, Halpert JE. Quantum-Dot Tandem Solar Cells Based on a Solution-Processed Nanoparticle Intermediate Layer. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:2313-2318. [PMID: 31840973 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tandem cells are one of the most effective ways of breaking the single junction Shockley-Queisser limit. Solution-processable phosphate-buffered saline (PbS) quantum dots are good candidates for producing multiple junction solar cells because of their size-tunable band gap. The intermediate recombination layer (RL) connecting the subcells in a tandem solar cell is crucial for device performance because it determines the charge recombination efficiency and electrical resistance. In this work, a solution-processed ultrathin NiO and Ag nanoparticle film serves as an intermediate layer to enhance the charge recombination efficiency in PbS QD dual-junction tandem solar cells. The champion devices with device architecture of indium tin oxide/S-ZnO/1.45 eV PbS-PbI2/PbS-EDT/NiO/Ag NP/ZnO NP/1.22 eV PbS-PbI2/PbS-EDT/Au deliver a 7.1% power conversion efficiency, which outperforms the optimized reference subcells. This result underscores the critical role of an appropriate nanocrystalline RL in producing high-performance solution-processed PbS QD tandem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Hu
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay Rd , Kowloon 999077 , Hong Kong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney 2052 , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Yutao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney 2052 , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Sunil B Shivarudraiah
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay Rd , Kowloon 999077 , Hong Kong
| | - Jianyu Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM) , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , Jiangsu , China
| | - Xinwei Guan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney 2052 , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Xun Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney 2052 , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Adnan Younis
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney 2052 , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Yicong Hu
- Australian Centre for Advanced Photovoltaics, School of Photovoltaic and Renewable Energy Engineering , University of New South Wales , Sydney 2052 , Australia
| | - Shujuan Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney 2052 , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Tom Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , University of New South Wales (UNSW) , Sydney 2052 , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Jonathan E Halpert
- Department of Chemistry , Hong Kong University of Science and Technology , Clear Water Bay Rd , Kowloon 999077 , Hong Kong
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Lee J, Kang H, Kee S, Lee SH, Jeong SY, Kim G, Kim J, Hong S, Back H, Lee K. Long-Term Stable Recombination Layer for Tandem Polymer Solar Cells Using Self-Doped Conducting Polymers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:6144-6151. [PMID: 26901273 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b11742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Recently, the most efficient tandem polymer solar cells (PSCs) have used poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) ( PEDOT PSS) as a p-type component of recombination layer (RL). However, its undesirable acidic nature, originating from insulating PSS, of PEDOT PSS drastically reduces the lifetime of PSCs. Here, we demonstrate the efficient and stable tandem PSCs by introducing acid-free self-doped conducting polymer (SCP), combined with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), as RL for PEDOT PSS-free tandem PSCs. Moreover, we introduce an innovative and versatile nanocomposite system containing photoactive and p-type conjugated polyelectrolyte (p-CPE) into the tandem fabrication of an ideal self-organized recombination layer. In our new RL, highly conductive SCP facilitates charge transport and recombination process, and p-CPE helps to achieve nearly loss-free charge collection by increasing effective work function of indium tin oxide (ITO) and SCP. Because of the synergistic effect of extremely low electrical resistance, ohmic contact, and pH neutrality, tandem devices with our novel RL performed well, exhibiting a high power conversion efficiency of 10.2% and a prolonged lifetime. These findings provide a new insight for strategic design of RLs using SCPs to achieve efficient and stable tandem PSCs and enable us to review and extend the usefulness of SCPs in various electronics research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Lee
- Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics (DNE), School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE) and ‡Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Hongkyu Kang
- Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics (DNE), School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE) and ‡Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Seyoung Kee
- Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics (DNE), School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE) and ‡Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Seoung Ho Lee
- Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics (DNE), School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE) and ‡Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Song Yi Jeong
- Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics (DNE), School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE) and ‡Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Geunjin Kim
- Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics (DNE), School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE) and ‡Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Junghwan Kim
- Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics (DNE), School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE) and ‡Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Soonil Hong
- Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics (DNE), School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE) and ‡Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Hyungcheol Back
- Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics (DNE), School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE) and ‡Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, Korea
| | - Kwanghee Lee
- Department of Nanobio Materials and Electronics (DNE), School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE) and ‡Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST) , Gwangju 500-712, Korea
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