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Robson T, Shah DSH, Welbourn RJL, Phillips SR, Clifton LA, Lakey JH. Fully Aqueous Self-Assembly of a Gold-Nanoparticle-Based Pathogen Sensor. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087599. [PMID: 37108766 PMCID: PMC10145400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a very sensitive measure of biomolecular interactions but is generally too expensive for routine analysis of clinical samples. Here we demonstrate the simplified formation of virus-detecting gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assemblies on glass using only aqueous buffers at room temperature. The AuNP assembled on silanized glass and displayed a distinctive absorbance peak due to the localized SPR (LSPR) response of the AuNPs. Next, assembly of a protein engineering scaffold was followed using LSPR and a sensitive neutron reflectometry approach, which measured the formation and structure of the biological layer on the spherical AuNP. Finally, the assembly and function of an artificial flu sensor layer consisting of an in vitro-selected single-chain antibody (scFv)-membrane protein fusion was followed using the LSPR response of AuNPs within glass capillaries. In vitro selection avoids the need for separate animal-derived antibodies and allows for the rapid production of low-cost sensor proteins. This work demonstrates a simple approach to forming oriented arrays of protein sensors on nanostructured surfaces that uses (i) an easily assembled AuNP silane layer, (ii) self-assembly of an oriented protein layer on AuNPs, and (iii) simple highly specific artificial receptor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Robson
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Deepan S H Shah
- Orla Protein Technologies Ltd., Biosciences Centre, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Rebecca J L Welbourn
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 OQX, UK
| | - Sion R Phillips
- Orla Protein Technologies Ltd., Biosciences Centre, International Centre for Life, Times Square, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP, UK
| | - Luke A Clifton
- ISIS Pulsed Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 OQX, UK
| | - Jeremy H Lakey
- Biosciences Institute, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
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Xin L, Zhang HT, Yang WF, Li YF, Liu C. Evaluation of METase-pemetrexed-loaded PEG-PLGA nanoparticles modified with anti-CD133- scFV for treatment of gastric carcinoma. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20171001. [PMID: 29229675 DOI: 10.1042/BSR20171001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PEG–PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) modified with anti-CD133 and tumor-targeting single-chain antibody fragment (scFV–NPs) for systemic delivery of methioninase (METase) and pemetrexed for gastric carcinoma were successfully formulated. The structure characterization and biological functions of METase-pemetrexed-loaded scFV–PEG–PLGA NPs (scFV–METase/pemetrexed–NPs) in vitro were investigated. Functional scFV–PEG–PLGA NPs or PEG–PLGA NPs present low cell cytoxicity in CD133+ SGC7901 cells. scFV–METase/pemetrexed–NPs (scFv–M/P–NP) was more effective in inhibiting tumor growth (including cell growth and migration ability) in CD133 positive expressed gastric cancer cells than METase/pemetrexed-NPs (M/P–NP). Moreover, METase enhanced the inhibitory effect of pemetrexed on thymidylate synthase (TS) synthesis and cell apoptosis. We have demonstrated the application of scFV-targeted PEG–PLGA NPs as a new potential strategy to enhance treatment benefits for gastric carcinoma.
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Abstract
Aim: Immunotoxins are proteins that consist of an antibody fragment linked to a toxin, used as agents for targeted
therapy of cancers. Although the most potent immunotoxins are made from bacterial and plant toxins, obstacles which
contribute to poor responses are immunogenicity in patients and rapid development of neutralizing antibodies. In the
present study we proposed a new therapeutic immunotoxin for targeted cancer therapy of ROR1 expressing cancers:
an anti ROR1 single chain fragment variable antibody (scFv)-endonuclease G (anti ROR1 scFv-EndoG). Methods:
The three-dimensional structure of anti ROR1 scFv-EndoG protein was modeled and structure validation tools were
employed to confirm the accuracy and reliability of the developed model. In addition, stability and integrity of the
model were assessed by molecular dynamic (MD) simulation. Results: All results suggested the protein model to
be acceptable and of good quality. Conclusions: Anti-ROR1 scFv-EndoG would be expected to bind to the ROR1
extracellular domain by its scFv portion and selectively deliver non-immunogenic human endonuclease G enzyme as
an end-stage apoptosis molecule into ROR1-expressing cancer cells and lead rapidly to apoptosis. We believe that anti
ROR1 and other anti-tumor antigen scFv-EndoG forms may be helpful for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Bemani
- Department of Immunology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. ,
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Drent E, Themeli M, Poels R, de Jong-Korlaar R, Yuan H, de Bruijn J, Martens ACM, Zweegman S, van de Donk NWCJ, Groen RWJ, Lokhorst HM, Mutis T. A Rational Strategy for Reducing On-Target Off-Tumor Effects of CD38-Chimeric Antigen Receptors by Affinity Optimization. Mol Ther 2017; 25:1946-1958. [PMID: 28506593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2017.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) can effectively redirect cytotoxic T cells toward highly expressed surface antigens on tumor cells. The low expression of several tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) on normal tissues, however, hinders their safe targeting by CAR T cells due to on-target/off-tumor effects. Using the multiple myeloma (MM)-associated CD38 antigen as a model system, here, we present a rational approach for effective and tumor-selective targeting of such TAAs. Using "light-chain exchange" technology, we combined the heavy chains of two high-affinity CD38 antibodies with 176 germline light chains and generated ∼124 new antibodies with 10- to >1,000-fold lower affinities to CD38. After categorizing them into three distinct affinity classes, we incorporated the single-chain variable fragments of eight antibodies from each class into new CARs. T cells carrying these CD38-CARs were extensively evaluated for their on-tumor/off-tumor cytotoxicity as well as CD38-dependent proliferation and cytokine production. We identified CD38-CAR T cells of ∼1,000- fold reduced affinity, which optimally proliferated, produced Th1-like cytokines, and effectively lysed CD382+ MM cells, but spared CD38+ healthy hematopoietic cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, this systematic approach is highly suitable for the generation of optimal CARs for effective and selective targeting of TAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Drent
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Themeli
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Renée Poels
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Regina de Jong-Korlaar
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Huipin Yuan
- Xpand Biotechnology BV, Professor Bronkhorstlaan 10-D, 3723MB Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Joost de Bruijn
- Xpand Biotechnology BV, Professor Bronkhorstlaan 10-D, 3723MB Bilthoven, the Netherlands; The School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Rd., London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Anton C M Martens
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Niels W C J van de Donk
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Richard W J Groen
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Henk M Lokhorst
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tuna Mutis
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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