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Rodrigues D, Barbosa AI, Rebelo R, Kwon IK, Reis RL, Correlo VM. Skin-Integrated Wearable Systems and Implantable Biosensors: A Comprehensive Review. Biosensors (Basel) 2020; 10:bios10070079. [PMID: 32708103 PMCID: PMC7400150 DOI: 10.3390/bios10070079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors devices have attracted the attention of many researchers across the world. They have the capability to solve a large number of analytical problems and challenges. They are future ubiquitous devices for disease diagnosis, monitoring, treatment and health management. This review presents an overview of the biosensors field, highlighting the current research and development of bio-integrated and implanted biosensors. These devices are micro- and nano-fabricated, according to numerous techniques that are adapted in order to offer a suitable mechanical match of the biosensor to the surrounding tissue, and therefore decrease the body’s biological response. For this, most of the skin-integrated and implanted biosensors use a polymer layer as a versatile and flexible structural support, combined with a functional/active material, to generate, transmit and process the obtained signal. A few challenging issues of implantable biosensor devices, as well as strategies to overcome them, are also discussed in this review, including biological response, power supply, and data communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rodrigues
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (D.R.); (A.I.B.); (R.R.); (I.K.K.); (R.L.R.)
| | - Ana I. Barbosa
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (D.R.); (A.I.B.); (R.R.); (I.K.K.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Rita Rebelo
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (D.R.); (A.I.B.); (R.R.); (I.K.K.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Il Keun Kwon
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (D.R.); (A.I.B.); (R.R.); (I.K.K.); (R.L.R.)
| | - Rui L. Reis
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (D.R.); (A.I.B.); (R.R.); (I.K.K.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Department of Dental Materials, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Vitor M. Correlo
- 3B’s Research Group, I3Bs—Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; (D.R.); (A.I.B.); (R.R.); (I.K.K.); (R.L.R.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Wang R, Wang X, Zhan Y, Xu Z, Xu Z, Feng X, Li S, Xu H. A Dual Network Hydrogel Sunscreen Based on Poly-γ-glutamic Acid/Tannic Acid Demonstrates Excellent Anti-UV, Self-Recovery, and Skin-Integration Capacities. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:37502-37512. [PMID: 31544451 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b14538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Novel sunscreen products based on bioadhesive/gel systems that can prevent the skin penetration behaviors of UV filters have attracted increasing attention in recent years. However, integration is very difficult to achieve and control on the wet surface of the skin under sweaty/dynamic physiological conditions, resulting in functional failure. Herein, we demonstrated the fabrication of a novel dual-network hydrogel sunscreen (DNHS) based on poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and tannic acid (TA), which demonstrated prominent UV protection properties across broad UVA and UVB regions (360-275 nm). Due to a three-dimensional network microstructure and a highly hydrated nature that mimics the extracellular matrix of natural skin, DNHS can perfectly match the skin surface without irritation and sensitization. In addition, the intermolecular hydrogen bond interactions of γ-PGA and TA provide an important driving force for coacervation, which endows the DNHS with remarkable self-recovery properties (within 60 s). Moreover, due to the multiple interfacial interactions between γ-PGA/TA and the protein-rich skin tissue surfaces, DNHS simultaneously possesses excellent skin-integration and water-resistance capacities, and it can be readily removed on demand. Our results highlight the potential of the DNHS to be used in next-generation sunscreens by providing long-term and stable UV protection functions even under sweaty/dynamic physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Xuexue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Yijing Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Zongqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Xiaohai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering , Nanjing 211816 , China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry , Nanjing Tech University , Nanjing 211816 , China
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