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Berardinelli D, Taoussi O, Carlier J, Tini A, Zaami S, Sundermann T, Busardò FP, Auwärter V. In vitro, in vivo metabolism and quantification of the novel synthetic opioid N-piperidinyl etonitazene (etonitazepipne). Clin Chem Lab Med 2024; 0:cclm-2023-1360. [PMID: 38311816 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES N-piperidinyl etonitazene (etonitazepipne) is a newly synthesized opioid related to the 2-benzylbenzimidazole analog class. Etonitazepipne has been formally notified and placed under intensive monitoring in Europe in January 2022. Nitazenes have high affinity at µ-opioid receptor (MOR). Etonitazepipne, specifically shows a EC50 of 2.49 nM, suggesting about 50 times higher potency combined with higher efficacy compared to morphine. Antinociceptive potency l ('hot plate test' with rats) was 192-fold greater than that of morphine. METHODS Here we report on a post-mortem case involving etonitazepipne and its quantification using a standard addition method (SAM) through liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In addition, characterization and identification of phase I human metabolites using in vitro assay based on pooled human liver microsomes (pHLM) was performed along with the analysis of authentic urine samples by means of high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS). RESULTS The concentration of etonitazepipne in post-mortem blood and urine was 8.3 and 11 ng/mL, respectively. SAM was validated by assessing the following parameters: intraday and interday repeatability, matrix effect and recovery rate in post-mortem blood. A total of 20 and 14 metabolites were identified after pHLM incubation and urine analysis, respectively. Most pronounced in vitro and in vivo transformations were O-deethylation, hydroxylation, ketone reduction, and combinations thereof. CONCLUSIONS Considering small traces of the parent drug often found in real cases, the identification of metabolic biomarkers is crucial to identify exposure to this drug. O-deethylated, oxidated metabolites, and combination thereof are proposed as urinary biomarkers along with the parent compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Berardinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
- Forensic Toxicology, Institute for Legal Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Omayema Taoussi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Jeremy Carlier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anastasio Tini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simona Zaami
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopaedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tom Sundermann
- Institute of Forensic and Traffic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesco Paolo Busardò
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Volker Auwärter
- Forensic Toxicology, Institute for Legal Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Yu C, Jiang W, Matta M, Wang R, Haidar S, Seo H. Lessons learned from regulatory submissions involving endogenous therapeutic analyte bioanalysis. Bioanalysis 2024; 16:171-184. [PMID: 38088828 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2023-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Endogenous therapeutic analytes include hormones, neurotransmitters, vitamins, fatty acids and inorganic elements that are naturally present in the body because either the body produces them or they are present in the normal diet. The accurate measurement of endogenous therapeutic analytes poses a challenge when the administered exogenous therapeutic analyte and its endogenous counterpart cannot be distinguished. In this article, real case examples with endogenous therapeutic analyte bioanalysis during drug development in support of regulatory submissions are collected and presented. The article highlights common challenges encountered and lessons learned related to bioanalysis of endogenous therapeutic analytes and provides practical tips and strategies to consider from a regulatory perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongwoo Yu
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology (OCP), Office of Translational Sciences (OTS), Center for Drug Evaluation & Research (CDER), US FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Wenlei Jiang
- Office of Research & Standards (ORS), Office of Generic Drugs (OGD), CDER, US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Murali Matta
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology (OCP), Office of Translational Sciences (OTS), Center for Drug Evaluation & Research (CDER), US FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Rong Wang
- Office of Bioequivalence (OB), OGD, CDER, US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Sam Haidar
- Office of Study Integrity & Surveillance (OSIS), OTS, CDER, US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
| | - Hyeonglim Seo
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology (OCP), Office of Translational Sciences (OTS), Center for Drug Evaluation & Research (CDER), US FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Conrad M, Fechner P, Proll G, Gauglitz G. (R)evolution of the Standard Addition Procedure for Immunoassays. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:849. [PMID: 37754083 PMCID: PMC10526245 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A new method to transfer the standard addition procedure for concentration determination to immunoassays with non-linear calibration curves was developed. The new method was successfully applied to simulated data and benchmarked against a state-of-the-art algorithm, showing a significantly improved performance with improvement factors between 2 and 192. The logit function was used to transform the immunoassay signal response of test samples spiked with known analyte concentrations. The relationship between logit(signal) and log-transformed estimated total analyte concentration is linear if the estimated total analyte concentration is correct. Finally, the new method was validated experimentally using different assays in varying, relevant complex matrices, such as serum, saliva, and milk. Different concentrations of testosterone and amitriptyline between 0.05 and 3.0 µg L-1 were quantified using a binding inhibition assay in combination with reflectometric interference spectroscopy (RIfS) as the transduction principle. The sample concentration was calculated using a numerical method. Samples could be quantified with recoveries between 70 and 118%. The standard addition method accounts for individual matrix interference on the immunoassay by spiking the test sample itself. Although the experiments were carried out using RIfS, the method can be applied to any immunoassay that meets the analytical requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Conrad
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (IPTC), Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany (G.P.); (G.G.)
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Kafle B, Baak J, Brede C. Quantification by LC-MS/MS of astragaloside IV and isoflavones in Astragali radix can be more accurate by using standard addition. Phytochem Anal 2021; 32:466-473. [PMID: 32929766 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Astragali radix (AR), the root of Astragalus, is an important medical herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Bioactive components include isoflavones and a unique class of triterpenoid saponins (named astragalosides). OBJECTIVES Accurate measurement of bioactive components, especially astragaloside IV, is necessary for confirming AR authenticity, quality control and future medical research. METHODOLOGY Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is a suitable technique but suffers from ion suppression effects due to sample matrix. This can be corrected by using isotopic labelled internal standards, but these are not available for many phytochemicals. We explored the use of standard addition to circumvent this issue. RESULTS LC-MS/MS and liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet (LC-UV) detection provided linear calibration curves (R2 > 0.99). LC-MS/MS provided superior selectivity and detection limits below 10 ng/mL, which was 2-3 magnitudes lower than LC-UV detection. Precision and accuracy were overall improved by using LC-MS/MS with diluted sample extracts, resulting in an inter series coefficient of variation (CV) of 12% or less and mean recovery estimates in the 85-115% range. LC-MS/MS quantification by standard addition resulted in significantly higher concentrations of astragaloside IV measured in the samples. Concentrations calculated by standard addition were unaffected by large variation in signal response caused by matrix effects, independent of variation in slope of the standard addition curves. CONCLUSION Sample dilution was helpful but not sufficient for reducing effects of ion suppression. We have shown that LC-MS/MS quantification by standard addition can be a powerful approach for accurate measurement of phytochemicals in the absence of isotopic labelled internal standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijay Kafle
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Jan Baak
- Medical Health and Research, Tananger, Risavegen 66, 4056, Norway
- Department of Pathology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Cato Brede
- Department of Chemistry, Bioscience and Environmental Engineering, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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Brauckmann C, Pramann A, Rienitz O, Schulze A, Phukphatthanachai P, Vogl J. Combining Isotope Dilution and Standard Addition-Elemental Analysis in Complex Samples. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092649. [PMID: 33946601 PMCID: PMC8124555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A new method combining isotope dilution mass spectrometry (IDMS) and standard addition has been developed to determine the mass fractions w of different elements in complex matrices: (a) silicon in aqueous tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), (b) sulfur in biodiesel fuel, and (c) iron bound to transferrin in human serum. All measurements were carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP–MS). The method requires the gravimetric preparation of several blends (bi)—each consisting of roughly the same masses (mx,i) of the sample solution (x) and my,i of a spike solution (y) plus different masses (mz,i) of a reference solution (z). Only these masses and the isotope ratios (Rb,i) in the blends and reference and spike solutions have to be measured. The derivation of the underlying equations based on linear regression is presented and compared to a related concept reported by Pagliano and Meija. The uncertainties achievable, e.g., in the case of the Si blank in extremely pure TMAH of urel (w(Si)) = 90% (linear regression method, this work) and urel (w(Si)) = 150% (the method reported by Pagliano and Meija) seem to suggest better applicability of the new method in practical use due to the higher robustness of regression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Brauckmann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.B.); (O.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Axel Pramann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.B.); (O.R.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-531-592-3219
| | - Olaf Rienitz
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.B.); (O.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Alexander Schulze
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (C.B.); (O.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Pranee Phukphatthanachai
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-Prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (P.P.); (J.V.)
- National Institute of Metrology (Thailand) (NIMT), 3/4-5 Moo 3, Klong 5, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Jochen Vogl
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und-Prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter-Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany; (P.P.); (J.V.)
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Katelakha K, Nopponpunth V, Boonlue W, Laiwattanapaisal W. A Simple Distance Paper-Based Analytical Device for the Screening of Lead in Food Matrices. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:90. [PMID: 33809868 PMCID: PMC8004165 DOI: 10.3390/bios11030090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid distance paper-based analytical device (dPAD) for the detection of lead (Pb) in foods is proposed herein. The assay principle is based on competitive binding between carminic acid (CA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI) to Pb in a food sample. The paper channels were pre-immobilized with PEI, before reacting with a mixture of the sample and CA. Pb can strongly bind to the CA; hence, the length of the red color deposition on the flow channel decreased as a lower amount of free CA bound to PEI. The dPAD exhibited good linear correlation, with ranges of 5-100 µg·mL-1 (R2 = 0.974) of Pb. Although, the limit of detection (LOD) of this platform was rather high, at 12.3 µg·mL-1, a series of standard additions (8.0, 9.0, and 10.0 µg·mL-1) can be used to interpret the cutoff of Pb concentrations at higher or lower than 2 µg·mL-1. The presence of common metal ions such as calcium, magnesium, nickel, and zinc did not interfere with the color distance readout. The validity of the developed dPAD was demonstrated by its applicability to screen the contamination of Pb in century egg samples. The results obtained from the dPAD are in accordance with the concentration measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) (n = 9). In conclusion, this proposed dPAD, combined with the standard addition method, could be applied for screening Pb contamination in food matrices. This platform is, therefore, potentially applicable for field measurements of Pb in developing countries, because it is cheap and rapid, and it requires no significant laborious instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasinee Katelakha
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Vanida Nopponpunth
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- The Halal Science Center, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Watcharee Boonlue
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Biosensors and Bioanalytical Technology for Cells and Innovative Testing Device Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wanida Laiwattanapaisal
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- Biosensors and Bioanalytical Technology for Cells and Innovative Testing Device Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Ido K, Matsushita R, Fujii SI, Miyashita SI, Umemura T, Hokura A, Inagaki K. Multiple-channel Concentric Grid Nebulizer for Online Standard Addition in Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:717-721. [PMID: 31902827 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
A multiple channel-type concentric grid nebulizer (m-CGrid) was developed for realizing efficient online standard addition in inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) without premixing of liquids before nebulization. The m-CGrid can nebulize two independent liquids without premixing due to a unique structure, having two independent liquid-flow capillaries inside a single nozzle and a grid screen (over 350 mesh per inch) placed on the hole of the nozzle. The grid acts as both a flow damper and sieve; two liquids are well-mixed with a gas flow in a small space just before the grid screen, and the mixture breaks up into small droplets by passing through the grid. The m-CGrid nebulizer provides almost the same or better spray performance compared with a conventional nebulizer, such as Meinhard nebulizer; the primary aerosols were much finer (D50: 2.9 and 3.1 μm for two channels) than those generated with Meinhard nebulizer type C (D50: 19.5 μm). The signal intensities in ICP-OES obtained with two liquid channels were almost the same and were 2- to 3-fold higher than that obtained with the Meinhard nebulizer for 23 elements. The performance of m-CGrid in an online standard addition was demonstrated in the analysis of NIST SRM1577b bovine liver and NIES No. 3 Chrorella. The analytical results were in good agreement with their certified values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koyo Ido
- Environmental Standards Group, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 3-10, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju Asahi-cho, Adachi, Tokyo, 120-8551, Japan
| | - Rina Matsushita
- Environmental Standards Group, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 3-10, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Fujii
- Bio-Medical Standards Group, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 3, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyashita
- Environmental Standards Group, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 3-10, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan
| | - Tomonari Umemura
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Akiko Hokura
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Tokyo Denki University, 5 Senju Asahi-cho, Adachi, Tokyo, 120-8551, Japan
| | - Kazumi Inagaki
- Environmental Standards Group, National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba Central 3-10, 1-1-1 Umezono, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8563, Japan.
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Lee Y, Oh Y, Kim T, Cho Y. Quantitation of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline in aseptic-packaged cooked fragrant rice by HS-SPME/GC-MS. Food Sci Nutr 2019; 7:266-272. [PMID: 30680180 PMCID: PMC6341145 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Aseptic-packaged cooked rice (APCR) is a rice-based food product with a rapidly increasing market size, and APCR made of fragrant rice (FR) has recently appeared on the market. The fragrance of FR is produced by a combination of odoriferous compounds, among which 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2AP) has been identified as the most important contributor to overall aroma. This study describes the development of a method to quantify 2AP in FR-based APCR using headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The recovery of 2AP spiked into APCR was lower than 10%, which suggests significant matrix effects and inappropriateness of external standard-based calibration. For standard addition calibration method, up to 1,000 ng of 2AP were spiked into APCR containing 0% to 100% FR. Subsequent regression analyses of recovered peak area (Y) as a function of the amount of 2AP spiked (X) yielded highly linear calibration curves (R 2 > 0.9917) with consistent slopes (RSD = 2.7%), regardless of FR composition. Y-intercepts, however, which represent the amount of 2AP in APCR without spiking, increased linearly (R 2 = 0.9898) in proportion to the composition of FR in the APCR. The amount of 2AP in APCR, determined by extrapolating the standard addition calibration curves, also increased linearly (R 2 = 0.9963) as a function of FR composition. Practicality of developed method was tested by monitoring 2AP contents in APCR under realistic storage conditions, which successfully demonstrated 38% and 60% 2AP reductions in APCR of 20% FR after 1 and 2 months of storage at 25°C, respectively. The present study demonstrates that a standard addition method, whereby up to 1,000 ng of 2AP standard is spiked into 4 g of APCR containing 5%-100% FR in a 20-mL headspace vial followed by SPME/GC-MS, may serve as an effective means of quantitating 2AP in fragrant rice-based APCR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yejin Oh
- CJ Jeiljedang CorporationSeoulKorea
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Zhu Y, Nakano K, Wang Z, Shikamori Y, Chiba K, Kuroiwa T, Hioki A, Inagaki K. Applications and Uncertainty Estimation of Single Level Standard Addition Method ICP-MS for Elemental Analysis in Various Matrix. ANAL SCI 2018; 34:701-710. [PMID: 29887559 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.18sbp09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The standard addition method (SAM) based on gravimetric sample preparation was investigated as an approach for the removal or cancelling of matrix effects in measurements by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Deduction of the equations and experimental confirmation of the method are both given in the present work. After measuring both spiked and non-spiked samples by ICP-MS, the concentration of an element could be calculated based on the signal intensity ratio to an internal standard. A practical example was provided for the measurement of Fe in a certified reference material (CRM), i.e. NMIJ CRM 7512-a (milk powder). The validity of the method had been confirmed by the results of international comparisons with various kinds of matrix, including bioethanol, human serum, biodiesel fuel, drinking water, infant formula milk power, and seafood. The suggested method had been applied to measurements of multiple elements in three CRMs, including tap water, milk powder, and tea leave powder, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Zhu
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | | | - Zhongyuan Wang
- South China Sea Environment Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration
| | | | - Koichi Chiba
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
| | - Takayoshi Kuroiwa
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Akiharu Hioki
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
| | - Kazumi Inagaki
- National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
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Mohammed Y, Pan J, Zhang S, Han J, Borchers CH. ExSTA: External Standard Addition Method for Accurate High-Throughput Quantitation in Targeted Proteomics Experiments. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:1600180. [PMID: 28895300 PMCID: PMC6084352 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted proteomics using MRM with stable-isotope-labeled internal-standard (SIS) peptides is the current method of choice for protein quantitation in complex biological matrices. Better quantitation can be achieved with the internal standard-addition method, where successive increments of synthesized natural form (NAT) of the endogenous analyte are added to each sample, a response curve is generated, and the endogenous concentration is determined at the x-intercept. Internal NAT-addition, however, requires multiple analyses of each sample, resulting in increased sample consumption and analysis time. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To compare the following three methods, an MRM assay for 34 high-to-moderate abundance human plasma proteins is used: classical internal SIS-addition, internal NAT-addition, and external NAT-addition-generated in buffer using NAT and SIS peptides. Using endogenous-free chicken plasma, the accuracy is also evaluated. RESULTS The internal NAT-addition outperforms the other two in precision and accuracy. However, the curves derived by internal vs. external NAT-addition differ by only ≈3.8% in slope, providing comparable accuracies and precision with good CV values. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE While the internal NAT-addition method may be "ideal", this new external NAT-addition can be used to determine the concentration of high-to-moderate abundance endogenous plasma proteins, providing a robust and cost-effective alternative for clinical analyses or other high-throughput applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassene Mohammed
- University of Victoria ‐ Genome British Columbia Proteomics CentreVictoriaCanada
- Center for Proteomics and MetabolomicsLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Jingxi Pan
- University of Victoria ‐ Genome British Columbia Proteomics CentreVictoriaCanada
| | - Suping Zhang
- MRM Proteomics Inc.VictoriaBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Jun Han
- University of Victoria ‐ Genome British Columbia Proteomics CentreVictoriaCanada
| | - Christoph H. Borchers
- University of Victoria ‐ Genome British Columbia Proteomics CentreVictoriaCanada
- University of VictoriaDepartment of Biochemistry and MicrobiologyVictoriaBCCanada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of OncologyJewish General HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
- Proteomics CentreSegal Cancer CentreLady Davis InstituteJewish General HospitalMcGill UniversityMontrealQuebecCanada
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Desmarchelier A, Fan K, Minh Tien M, Savoy MC, Tarres A, Fuger D, Goyon A, Bessaire T, Mottier P. Determination of 105 antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic agents and tranquilizers by LC-MS/MS based on an acidic QuEChERS-like extraction. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:646-660. [PMID: 29346035 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2018.1429677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for screening 105 veterinary drugs in foods by liquid chromatography tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is presented. Its scope encompasses raw materials of animal origin (milk, meat, fish, egg and fat) but also related processed ingredients and finished products commonly used and manufactured by food business operators. Due to the complexity of the matrices considered and to efficiently deal with losses during extraction and matrix effects during MS source ionisation, each sample was analysed twice, that is 'unspiked' and 'spiked at the screening target concentration' using a QuEChERS-like extraction. The entire procedure was validated according to the European Community Reference Laboratories Residues Guidelines. False-negative and false-positive rates were below 5% for all veterinary drugs whatever the food matrix. Effectiveness of the procedure was further demonstrated through participation to five proficiency tests and its ruggedness demonstrated in quality control operations by a second laboratory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Desmarchelier
- a Nestlé Research Center , Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Kaïli Fan
- b Nestlé Quality Assurance Center , Singapore
| | | | - Marie-Claude Savoy
- a Nestlé Research Center , Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Adrienne Tarres
- a Nestlé Research Center , Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Denis Fuger
- a Nestlé Research Center , Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Alexandre Goyon
- a Nestlé Research Center , Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bessaire
- a Nestlé Research Center , Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Pascal Mottier
- a Nestlé Research Center , Institute of Food Safety and Analytical Science , Lausanne , Switzerland
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Soboleva A, Vikhnina M, Grishina T, Frolov A. Probing Protein Glycation by Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry: Analysis of Glycation Adducts. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2557. [PMID: 29182540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Revised: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycation is a non-enzymatic post-translational modification of proteins, formed by the reaction of reducing sugars and α-dicarbonyl products of their degradation with amino and guanidino groups of proteins. Resulted early glycation products are readily involved in further transformation, yielding a heterogeneous group of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Their formation is associated with ageing, metabolic diseases, and thermal processing of foods. Therefore, individual glycation adducts are often considered as the markers of related pathologies and food quality. In this context, their quantification in biological and food matrices is required for diagnostics and establishment of food preparation technologies. For this, exhaustive protein hydrolysis with subsequent amino acid analysis is the strategy of choice. Thereby, multi-step enzymatic digestion procedures ensure good recoveries for the most of AGEs, whereas tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with stable isotope dilution or standard addition represents “a gold standard” for their quantification. Although the spectrum of quantitatively assessed AGE structures is continuously increases, application of untargeted profiling techniques for identification of new products is desired, especially for in vivo characterization of anti-glycative systems. Thereby, due to a high glycative potential of plant metabolites, more attention needs to be paid on plant-derived AGEs.
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Rendevski V, Aleksovski B, Stojanov D, Mihajlovska-Rendevska A, Aleksovski V, Baneva-Dolnenec N, Nikodijevic D, Gudeva-Nikovska D. Validation of the ELISA Method for Quantitative Detection of TNF-α in Patients with Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2017; 5:703-707. [PMID: 29104676 PMCID: PMC5661705 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2017.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: We aimed to investigate the sensitivity, reproducibility and validity of the commercial ELISA kits for quantitative detection of TNF-α and their potential application for screening purposes in patients with ICH. METHODS: Analysis of six independent standard series, evaluation of the deviation of the TNF-α concentration in patients with ICH, standard addition and visual analysis of whole UV-Vis spectra were carefully performed. RESULTS: Low standard deviations of the absorbance were detected for every standard, as well as in the samples of healthy controls and patients with ICH. The standard addition series have also confirmed high sensitivity and reproducibility of the assay, with a congruent shift of the standard curves with the concentration of TNF-α for the added plasma. The visual analyses of the gained spectra have revealed the absence of any matrix effects from the addition of the human plasma in the reconstituted standards. CONCLUSION: The commercial ELISA kits can be used in the clinical practice for screening purposes of the plasma TNF-α levels in patients with ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Rendevski
- University Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Boris Aleksovski
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Dragan Stojanov
- Center of Radiology, Clinical Center Niš, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Ana Mihajlovska-Rendevska
- University Clinic for Radiology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Vasko Aleksovski
- University Clinic for Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Natalija Baneva-Dolnenec
- University Clinic for Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Dijana Nikodijevic
- University Clinic for Neurology, Medical Faculty, Ss Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
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Zhao H, Zulkoski J, Mastovska K. Development and Validation of a Multiclass, Multiresidue Method for Veterinary Drug Analysis in Infant Formula and Related Ingredients Using UHPLC-MS/MS. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:7268-7287. [PMID: 28472586 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A multiclass, multiresidue method based on ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) has been developed and validated for the analysis of around 150 veterinary drugs in infant formula and related dairy ingredients. The included analytes belong to the following veterinary drug classes: anthelmintics, antibiotics (aminoglycoside, amphenicols, β-lactams-penicillins and cephalosporins, lincosamides, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and others), antimicrobial growth promoters, antiprotozoals, β-agonists, coccidiostats, dyes, pesticides, and tranquilizers. The sample preparation procedure involves dispersing the sample in 0.05 M EDTA solution in water, followed by extraction with 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile, drying down an aliquot of the extract, and reconstituting it in a water-acetonitrile mixture. The analyte detection, identification, and quantitation are performed by UHPLC-MS/MS using positive electrospray ionization mode. The method was validated in infant formula powder, whole milk powder, and whey protein isolate, typically achieving limits of quantitation (meeting acceptable recovery and precision validation criteria) at 1-10 ng/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Covance Food Solutions , 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - John Zulkoski
- Covance Food Solutions , 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
| | - Katerina Mastovska
- Covance Food Solutions , 3301 Kinsman Boulevard, Madison, Wisconsin 53704, United States
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Taylor TP, Janech MG, Slate EH, Lewis EC, Arthur JM, Oates JC. Overcoming the effects of matrix interference in the measurement of urine protein analytes. Biomark Insights 2012; 7:1-8. [PMID: 22403482 PMCID: PMC3290108 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s8703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Using multiplex bead assays to measure urine proteins has a great potential for biomarker discovery, but substances in urine (the matrix) can interfere with assay measurements. By comparing the recovery of urine spiked with known quantities of several common analytes, this study demonstrated that the urine matrix variably interfered with the accurate measurement of low abundance proteins. Dilution of the urine permitted a more accurate measure of these proteins, equivalent to the standard dilution technique when the diluted analytes were above the limits of detection of the assay. Therefore, dilution can be used as an effective technique for over-coming urine matrix effects in urine immunoassays. These results may be applicable to other biological fluids in which matrix components interfere with assay performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P Taylor
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, 96 Jonathan Lucas St., 829 Clinical Science Building, Charleston, SC 29425
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