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Yoo S, Kim J, Jeong ET, Hwang SJ, Kang N, Lee J. Penetration rates into the stratum corneum layer: A novel quantitative indicator for assessing skin barrier function. Skin Res Technol 2024; 30:e13655. [PMID: 38481085 PMCID: PMC10938031 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the skin epidermis, acts as an effective bi-directional barrier, preventing water loss (inside-outside barrier) and entry of foreign substances (outside-inside barrier). Although transepidermal water loss (TEWL) is a widely-used measure of barrier function, it represents only inside-outside protection. Therefore, we aimed to establish a non-invasive method for quantitative evaluation of the outside-inside barrier function and visually present a skin barrier model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Skin barrier damage was induced by applying a closed patch of 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate to the forearms of eight participants; they were instructed to apply a barrier cream on a designated damaged area twice daily for 5 days. The SC barrier was evaluated by measuring TEWL and fluorescein sodium salt penetration rate before, immediately after, and 5 days after damage. The penetration rate was assessed using tape-stripping (TS) technique and fluorescence microscopy. RESULTS The rates of fluorescein sodium salt penetration into the lower layers of SC differed significantly based on the degree of skin barrier damage. The correlation between penetration rate and TEWL was weak after two rounds of TS and became stronger after subsequent rounds. Five days after skin barrier damage, the penetration rate of all layers differed significantly between areas with and without the barrier cream application. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrated that the penetration rate was dependent on skin barrier conditions. The penetration rate and corresponding fluorescence images are suitable quantitative indicators that can visually represent skin barrier conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suji Yoo
- R&D CenterLG H&H Co., Ltd.SeoulSouth Korea
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Hamzehpour H, Óskarsdóttir Á, Jónsson H, Jónsdóttir F, Sigurjónsson ÓE, Snorradottir BS. Transdermal Drug Delivery of Tazarotene: Determining Tazarotene's Potential in Local Transdermal Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:64. [PMID: 38258075 PMCID: PMC10820539 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoid-based drugs, while effective, are associated with systemic toxicity. Topical alternatives offer a safer option, and tazarotene, a third-generation synthetic retinoid, holds promise. This study investigates tazarotene's transdermal delivery potential, focusing on its application for joint-related conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of tazarotene as a candidate for transdermal delivery into joints. In vitro permeation studies, using porcine skin, assessed tazarotene's transdermal drug delivery from solution and gel formulations. A tape-stripping analysis determined stratum corneum retention and a pilot study using porcine joints assessed tazarotene's ability to reach articular cartilage. Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with a mass detector method was used to quantify tazarotene and tazarotenic acid permeation. The results validate that tazarotene can permeate porcine skin and accumulate in articular cartilage in detectable amounts. The detection of tazarotene and tazarotenic acid in both the in vitro permeation studies and the pilot study on porcine joints validate the drug's potential therapeutic use for hand osteoarthritis. This study lays the groundwork for future research, contributing insights into tazarotene's potential for transdermal drug delivery and guiding further exploration in topical retinoid applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Hamzehpour
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland; (H.H.)
| | - Ástrós Óskarsdóttir
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland; (H.H.)
| | - Helgi Jónsson
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland;
| | - Fjóla Jónsdóttir
- Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Iceland, 107 Reykjavik, Iceland;
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Kränke T, Loibner M, Arzberger E, Wieczorek G, Krenz T, Attig H, Hofmann‐Wellenhof E, Fischer B, Eberhard A, Oberauner‐Wappis L, Ulz CM, Fried I, Cerroni L, Oelmueller U, Zatloukal K, Hofmann‐Wellenhof R, Heitzer E. Non-invasive molecular profiling of skin lesions using tape-stripping. Skin Res Technol 2023; 29:e13322. [PMID: 37231928 PMCID: PMC10176045 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Kränke
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Martina Loibner
- Institute of PathologyDiagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Liquid Biopsies for Early Detection of CancerMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Edith Arzberger
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | | | | | | | | | - Bernhard Fischer
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Anna Eberhard
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Liquid Biopsies for Early Detection of CancerMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Institute of Human GeneticsDiagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Lisa Oberauner‐Wappis
- Institute of PathologyDiagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Christine Maria Ulz
- Institute of PathologyDiagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Isabella Fried
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Lorenzo Cerroni
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | | | - Kurt Zatloukal
- Institute of PathologyDiagnostic and Research Center for Molecular BioMedicineMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Liquid Biopsies for Early Detection of CancerMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
| | | | - Ellen Heitzer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Liquid Biopsies for Early Detection of CancerMedical University of GrazGrazAustria
- QIAGEN GmbHHildenGermany
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Özkaya E, Keskinkaya Z, Babuna Kobaner G. Tobramycin and antiglaucoma agents as increasing culprits of periorbital allergic contact dermatitis from topical ophthalmic medications: A 24-year study from Turkey. Contact Dermatitis 2023. [PMID: 36994896 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) from topical ophthalmic medications (TOMs) poses an additional disease burden to patients who already suffer from eye problems. OBJECTIVES To investigate the epidemiological/clinical profile of patients with periorbital ACD from TOMs in Turkey. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective, cross-sectional, single tertiary centre study based on files of 75 patch tested patients with suspected periorbital ACD from TOMs among a total of 2801 consecutively patch tested patients with suspected ACD of any origin between 1996 and 2019. RESULTS Periorbital ACD was diagnosed in 25 of 75 (33.3%) patients (female:male = 1.8:1; age range: 6-85 years) with suspected ACD from TOMs showing an overall prevalence of 0.9% (25/2801) among the whole patch test population. Atopy was not present. Tobramycin-containing TOMs were the most frequent culprits, followed by antiglaucoma preparations. Their frequency increased, whereas no new cases of neomycin-induced ACD were observed after 2011. Positivities with thimerosal were of unknown clinical relevance, while benzalkonium chloride (BAC) caused ACD in two patients. The diagnosis would be missed in each 20% of patients without performing day (D) 4 and D7 readings and strip-patch testing. Ten culprits were identified only by testing with patients' own TOMs in eight (32%) patients. CONCLUSIONS Aminoglycosides, particularly tobramycin, were the leading cause of ACD from TOMs. The frequency of ACD from tobramycin and antiglaucoma medications increased after 2011. BAC was a rare but important allergen. Additional D4 and D7 readings, strip-patch testing, and testing with patients' own TOMs seem essential when patch testing with eye medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Özkaya
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Keskinkaya
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Goncagül Babuna Kobaner
- Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Maruyama A, Tamagawa-Mineoka R, Nishigaki H, Masuda K, Katoh N. Exploratory analyses of biomarkers in blood and stratum corneum in patients with atopic dermatitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31267. [PMID: 36281133 PMCID: PMC9592391 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD) involves various mediators, including cytokines and chemokines, which are produced by immune cells, such as dendritic cells and lymphocytes, and non-immune cells, such as epidermal cells. Several mediators, including thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), are used as biomarkers for AD severity and activity. However, additional local and systemic biomarkers of AD are required. METHODS This study will include 10 male patients with AD and 5 healthy adult males (age range: 20-80 years). The Eczema Area and Severity Index will be used to objectively evaluate the clinical findings. In addition, the severity of eruptions will be assessed on a 5-point scale by scoring symptoms (erythema, edema/papules, oozing/crusting, excoriation, lichenification, and xerosis), and the total intensity will be calculated by adding the symptom scores together. Subjective symptoms will be assessed using a peak pruritus numerical rating scale. Laboratory tests, including measurements of peripheral eosinophil count and serum total immunoglobulin E, TARC, and lactate dehydrogenase levels, will be performed. Using blood samples and extracts of stratum corneum samples obtained by tape stripping, we will conduct an exploratory analysis of protein expression using an antibody array to identify mediators whose levels are significantly altered in patients with AD. After 4 to 8 weeks, blood samples and stratum corneum samples will be collected again from AD patients. Moreover, we will examine whether the candidate proteins can be quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. DISCUSSION This is an important study exploring potential local and systemic biomarkers of AD. The results of this study will be clinically meaningful for the discovery of new biomarkers for diagnosing and assessing the severity of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayano Maruyama
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Risa Tamagawa-Mineoka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
- * Correspondence: Risa Tamagawa-Mineoka, Department of Dermatology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajiicho 465, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan (e-mail: )
| | - Hiromi Nishigaki
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koji Masuda
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norito Katoh
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Tsoi LC, Xing X, Xing E, Wasikowski R, Shao S, Zeng C, Plazyo O, Kirma J, Jiang Y, Billi AC, Sarkar MK, Turnier JL, Uppala R, Smith KM, Helfrich Y, Voorhees JJ, Maverakis E, Modlin RL, Kahlenberg JM, Scott VE, Gudjonsson JE. Noninvasive Tape-Stripping with High-Resolution RNA Profiling Effectively Captures a Preinflammatory State in Nonlesional Psoriatic Skin. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:1587-1596.e2. [PMID: 34808239 PMCID: PMC9117571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Tape stripping is a minimally invasive, nonscarring method that can be utilized to assess gene expression in the skin but is infrequently used given technical constraints. By comparing different tape stripping technologies and full-thickness skin biopsy results of lesional and nonlesional psoriatic skin from the same patients, we demonstrate that tape stripping with optimized high-resolution transcriptomic profiling can be used to effectively assess and characterize inflammatory responses in the skin. Upon comparison with single-cell RNA-sequencing data from psoriatic full-thickness skin biopsies, we illustrate that tape-stripping efficiently captures the transcriptome of the upper layers of the epidermis with sufficient resolution to assess the molecular components of the feed-forward immune amplification pathway in psoriasis. Notably, nonlesional psoriatic skin sampled by tape stripping demonstrates activated, proinflammatory changes when compared to healthy control skin, suggesting a prepsoriatic state, which is not captured on full-thickness skin biopsy transcriptome profiling. This work illustrates an approach to assess inflammatory response in the epidermis by combining noninvasive sampling with high throughput RNA-sequencing, providing a foundation for biomarker discoveries and mechanism of action studies for inflammatory skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam C Tsoi
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Center for Statistical Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xianying Xing
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Enze Xing
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Rachael Wasikowski
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Shuai Shao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Olesya Plazyo
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Joseph Kirma
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yanyung Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Allison C Billi
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mrinal K Sarkar
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jessica L Turnier
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ranjitha Uppala
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Yolanda Helfrich
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - John J Voorhees
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Emanual Maverakis
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, UC-Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Robert L Modlin
- Divison of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - J Michelle Kahlenberg
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Johann E Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
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7
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Ota M, Sasaki T, Ebihara T, Yokosawa E, Murakami Y, Matsunaka H, Chinuki Y, Amagai M, Morita E. Filaggrin-gene mutation has minimal effect on the disease severity in the lesions of atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1688-1699. [PMID: 34322929 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations of filaggrin (FLG) gene (FLG) are the strongest known genetic risk factor for atopic dermatitis (AD). It is still debatable how FLG gene mutations and the resulting abnormal amount of FLG protein contribute to skin barrier function and symptoms of AD. In this study, we examined the effects of loss-of-function mutations of FLG gene on the severity of skin lesions and skin barrier function in 55 patients with AD by evaluating eight patients with AD with FLG gene mutations and 47 patients with AD without mutations. The results showed that the FLG gene mutation did not affect the duration of AD, severity of AD, degree of local inflammatory symptoms, skin water content and trans-epidermal water loss of the lesions. Next, in these eight mutation carriers and the 47 non-carriers, stratum corneum was collected from the three site of skin lesions using tape-stripping method, and the amounts of FLG protein and total amino acid contained in the stratum corneum was measured to investigate the effect of the FLG gene mutation on the amount of FLG gene product in the local lesion. FLG abnormalities had little effect on FLG protein and total amino acid content in the stratum corneum in the lesional skin. The amount of the FLG products, especially amino acids derived from FLG, in the stratum corneum of AD lesional skin is influenced by development of dermatitis. The results obtained from this study supports that the activation of Th2-dominant inflammatory cells, together with FLG abnormality, plays a role in suppressing the production of FLG in skin lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Ota
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Takashi Sasaki
- Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tamotsu Ebihara
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Emiko Yokosawa
- NOV Academic Research, Tokiwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yumi Murakami
- NOV Academic Research, Tokiwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsunaka
- NOV Academic Research, Tokiwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Chinuki
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amagai
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eishin Morita
- Department of Dermatology, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
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Angellotti G, Murgia D, Presentato A, D’Oca MC, Scarpaci AG, Alduina R, Raimondi MV, De Caro V. Antibacterial PEGylated Solid Lipid Microparticles for Cosmeceutical Purpose: Formulation, Characterization, and Efficacy Evaluation. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13092073. [PMID: 32365956 PMCID: PMC7254386 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficacious means of delivering antioxidant polyphenols from natural sources for the treatment of skin diseases is of great interest for many cosmetic and pharmaceutical companies. Resveratrol (RSV) and Limonene (LIM) have been shown to possess good anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus infections responsible for many skin disorders, such as acne vulgaris. In this study, solid lipid microparticles are designed as composite vehicles capable of encapsulating a high amount of trans-RSV and enhancing its absorption through the stratum corneum. A microparticulate system based on mixture of PEGylate lipids, long-chain alcohols and LIM is able to entrap RSV in an amorphous state, increasing its half-life and avoiding inactivation due to isomerization phenomena, which represents the main drawback in topical formulations. Particles have been characterized in term of shape, size distribution and drug loading. Antimicrobial tests against S. aureus have highlighted that empty microspheres possess per se antimicrobial activity, which is enhanced by the presence of LIM, demonstrating that they can represent an interesting bactericide vehicle for RSV administration on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Angellotti
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (D.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.G.S.); (R.A.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Denise Murgia
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (D.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.G.S.); (R.A.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Alessandro Presentato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.G.S.); (R.A.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Maria Cristina D’Oca
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Amalia Giulia Scarpaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.G.S.); (R.A.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.G.S.); (R.A.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Maria Valeria Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.G.S.); (R.A.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Viviana De Caro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.G.S.); (R.A.); (M.V.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-2389-1926
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Shah A, Hyngstrom J, Florell SR, Grossman D. Use of the Pigmented Lesion Assay to rapidly screen a patient with numerous clinically atypical pigmented lesions. JAAD Case Rep 2019; 5:1048-1050. [PMID: 31768410 PMCID: PMC6872771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aatman Shah
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - John Hyngstrom
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Scott R Florell
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Douglas Grossman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah.,Department of Oncological Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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10
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Bolla PK, Meraz CA, Rodriguez VA, Deaguero I, Singh M, Yellepeddi VK, Renukuntla J. Clotrimazole Loaded Ufosomes for Topical Delivery: Formulation Development and In-Vitro Studies. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173139. [PMID: 31470517 PMCID: PMC6749186 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Global incidence of superficial fungal infections caused by dermatophytes is high and affects around 40 million people. It is the fourth most common cause of infection. Clotrimazole, a broad spectrum imidazole antifungal agent is widely used to treat fungal infections. Conventional topical formulations of clotrimazole are intended to treat infections by effective penetration of drugs into the stratum corneum. However, drawbacks such as poor dermal bioavailability, poor penetration, and variable drug levels limit the efficiency. The present study aims to load clotrimazole into ufosomes and evaluate its topical bioavailability. Clotrimazole loaded ufosomes were prepared using cholesterol and sodium oleate by thin film hydration technique and evaluated for size, polydispersity index, and entrapment efficiency to obtain optimized formulation. Optimized formulation was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Skin diffusion studies and tape-stripping were performed using human skin to determine the amount of clotrimazole accumulated in different layers of the skin. Results showed that the optimized formulation had vesicle size <250 nm with ~84% entrapment efficiency. XRD and DSC confirmed the entrapment of clotrimazole into ufosomes. No permeation was observed through the skin up to 24 h following the permeation studies. Tape-stripping revealed that ufosomes led to accumulation of more clotrimazole in the skin compared to marketed formulation (Perrigo). Overall, results revealed the capability of ufosomes in improving the skin bioavailability of clotrimazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Bolla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Carlos A Meraz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Victor A Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Isaac Deaguero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 W University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Mahima Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Venkata Kashyap Yellepeddi
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jwala Renukuntla
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, NC 27240, USA.
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Abstract
Sacran, a new polysaccharide isolated from cyanobacterium Aphanothece sacrum (Sur.) Okada, is known to have potential as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, various types of dermatitis, skin wound, hemorrhoids and corneal epithelium disorder. In the present studies, the effects of sacran on skin injury and skin pain induced by stratum corneum tape-stripping and gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), and hydrochloride/ethanol (HCl/EtOH) in mice were investigated. Sacran solution 0.05% (w/v) showed greater reduction of skin injury and skin pain induced by stratum corneum tape-stripping, compared to that of 0.01% (w/v) and 0.1% (w/v) sacran solutions. In addition, the inhibitory effects of 0.05% (w/v) sacran on skin injury and skin pain induced by tape-stripping were significantly superior to 0.05% (w/v) hyaluronic acid solution. On the other hand, 1.0% (w/v) sacran solution significantly inhibited gastric ulcer formation induced by indomethacin, compared with 1% (w/v) dextran solution and the inhibitory effect of sacran was comparable to that of the positive control omeprazole. In addition, 1% (w/v) and 2% (w/v) sacran solution reduced HCl/EtOH-induced gastric ulcer in mice, with the alleviative effect of sacran was comparable to or greater than that of the positive control sodium alginate. These results suggest that sacran has potential as API to treat skin injury and pain induced by tape-stripping and gastric ulcer induced by NSAIDs and EtOH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetoshi Arima
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Keiichi Motoyama
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Taishi Higashi
- Department of Physical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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Paterson DA, Hallier J, Jenkins E, Cordery SF, Delgado-Charro MB. Is the Skin Absorption of Hydrocortisone Modified by the Variability in Dosing Topical Products? Pharmaceutics 2018; 10:E9. [PMID: 29329196 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fingertip units have been proposed as a tool to standardize topical therapy with semisolid formulations. However, no studies to date have characterized the variability in dosing by patients using this concept and whether this variability ultimately affects the topical absorption of drugs. This work aimed to answer these two questions. A first study determined the dose measured, the area of spread and the area-normalized dose for a 1% hydrocortisone cream and ointment applied by members of the public using this dosing approach before and after brief counselling. Then, in vivo tape-stripping and in vitro permeation studies investigated whether the variability in the area-normalized dose altered the skin absorption of hydrocortisone. Participants applied greater doses and spread them over larger areas after a short counselling intervention leading to smaller area-normalized doses. In vivo hydrocortisone uptake by the stratum corneum was significantly greater for the higher normalized dose and the differences were further supported by the in vitro permeation studies. However, these differences were relatively small and not proportional to the increase in normalized dose. This work shows that, following brief advice, patients and carers can apply consistent and sufficient doses of corticosteroids whilst minimizing risks and variability in hydrocortisone absorption.
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Chinembiri TN, Gerber M, du Plessis LH, du Preez JL, Hamman JH, du Plessis J. Topical Delivery of Withania somnifera Crude Extracts in Niosomes and Solid Lipid Nanoparticles. Pharmacogn Mag 2017; 13:S663-S671. [PMID: 29142430 PMCID: PMC5669113 DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_489_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Withania somnifera is a medicinal plant native to India and is known to have anticancer properties. It has been investigated for its anti-melanoma properties, and since melanoma presents on the skin, it is prudent to probe the use of W. somnifera in topical formulations. To enhance topical drug delivery and to allow for controlled release, the use of niosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) as delivery vesicles were explored. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to determine the stability and topical delivery of W. somnifera crude extracts encapsulated in niosomes and SLNs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Water, ethanol, and 50% ethanol crude extracts of W. somnifera were prepared using 24 h soxhlet extraction which were each encapsulated in niosomes and SLNs. Franz cell diffusion studies were conducted with the encapsulated extracts to determine the release and skin penetration of the phytomolecules, withaferin A, and withanolide A. RESULTS The niosome and SLN formulations had average sizes ranging from 165.9 ± 9.4 to 304.6 ± 52.4 nm with the 50% ethanol extract formulations having the largest size. A small particle size seemed to have correlated with a low encapsulation efficiency (EE) of withaferin A, but a high EE of withanolide A. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the amount of withaferin A and withanolide A that were released from each of the formulations, but only the SLN formulations managed to deliver withaferin A to the stratum corneum-epidermis and epidermis-dermis layers of the skin. CONCLUSION SLNs and niosomes were able to encapsulate crude extracts of W. somnifera and release the marker compounds, withaferin A, and withanolide A, for delivery to certain layers in the skin. SUMMARY Withania somnifera crude extracts were prepared using ethanol, water, and 50% ethanol as solvents. These three extracts were then incorporated into niosomes and solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for use in skin diffusion studies, thus resulting in six formulations (ethanol niosome, water niosome, 50% ethanol niosome, ethanol SLN, water SLN, and 50% ethanol SLN). The diffusion of two marker compounds (withaferin A and withanolide A) from the formulations into the skin was then determined. Abbreviations used: API: Active pharmaceutical ingredient, ANOVA: Analysis of variance, ED: Epidermis-dermis, HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography, HLB: Hydrophilic-lipophilic balance, NMR: Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, PDI: Polydispersity index, SLN: Solid lipid nanoparticle, SD: Standard deviation, SCE: Stratum corneum-epidermis, TEM: Transmission electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tawona N. Chinembiri
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Minja Gerber
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Lissinda H. du Plessis
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jan L. du Preez
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Josias H. Hamman
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Jeanetta du Plessis
- Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Yasuda C, Enomoto A, Ishiwatari S, Mori N, Kagoyama K, Matsunaga K, Yoshihisa Y, Matsukuma S, Shimizu T. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in the stratum corneum: a marker of the local severity of atopic dermatitis. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:764-6. [PMID: 25056219 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Different biomarkers are used to evaluate the severity of atopic dermatitis (AD); however, it remains difficult to determine the severity of localized skin lesions. MIF plays an essential role in the pathophysiology of skin inflammation. To establish whether the MIF level in the stratum corneum (SC) serves as a marker of the severity of AD lesions, we examined the SC MIF (scMIF) levels in AD patients. The SC of the cheek, neck and upper arm skin was collected using tape stripping, and the scMIF levels were measured. Consequently, the scMIF levels were found to be significantly higher in the involved skin lesions than the uninvolved areas within the same patient. Moreover, the scMIF levels were significantly correlated with the severity of local skin lesions. These findings suggest that the scMIF level can be used as an effective marker for evaluating the local severity of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Yasuda
- Advanced Technology Research Center, Fancl Research Institute, Totsuka, Yokohama, Japan
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