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Yang X, Zhu J, Hu C, Yang W, Zheng Z. Integration of Transcriptomics and Microbiomics Reveals the Responses of Bellamya aeruginosa to Toxic Cyanobacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020119. [PMID: 36828433 PMCID: PMC9958990 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent outbreaks of harmful cyanobacterial blooms and the cyanotoxins they produce not only seriously jeopardize the health of freshwater ecosystems but also directly affect the survival of aquatic organisms. In this study, the dynamic characteristics and response patterns of transcriptomes and gut microbiomes in gastropod Bellamya aeruginosa were investigated to explore the underlying response mechanisms to toxic cyanobacterial exposure. The results showed that toxic cyanobacteria exposure induced overall hepatopancreatic transcriptome changes. A total of 2128 differentially expressed genes were identified at different exposure stages, which were mainly related to antioxidation, immunity, and metabolism of energy substances. In the early phase (the first 7 days of exposure), the immune system may notably be the primary means of resistance to toxin stress, and it performs apoptosis to kill damaged cells. In the later phase (the last 7 days of exposure), oxidative stress and the degradation activities of exogenous substances play a dominant role, and nutrient substance metabolism provides energy to the body throughout the process. Microbiomic analysis showed that toxic cyanobacteria increased the diversity of gut microbiota, enhanced interactions between gut microbiota, and altered microbiota function. In addition, the changes in gut microbiota were correlated with the expression levels of antioxidant-, immune-, metabolic-related differentially expressed genes. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of gastropods and intestinal microbiota response to toxic cyanobacterial stress.
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Brown J, Hawkes K, Calvaruso R, Reyes-Prieto A, Lawrence J. Seasonality and distribution of cyanobacteria and microcystin toxin genes in an oligotrophic lake of Atlantic Canada. J Phycol 2021; 57:1768-1776. [PMID: 34490918 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cyanotoxins are an emerging threat to freshwater resources worldwide. The most frequently reported cyanotoxins are the microcystins, which threaten the health of humans, wildlife, and ecosystems. Determining the potential for microcystin production is hindered by a lack of morphological features that correlate with microcystin production. However, amplicon-based methods permit the detection of microcystin biosynthesis genes and were employed to assess the toxin potential in Lake Utopia, NB, Canada, an oligotrophic lake that occasionally experiences cyanobacteria blooms. Samples collected at 2 week intervals from June 27th to September 27th, 2016, were screened by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the microcystin synthetase E gene (mcyE). The mcyE gene was present in some samples every sampling day, despite microcystin not being detected via ELISA, and was most frequently associated with the larger pore size fractions of the serially filtered samples. Further PCR surveys using primer sets to amplify genus-specific (e.g., Microcystis, Anabaena/Dolichospermum, and Planktothrix) mcyE fragments identified Microcystis as the only taxa in Lake Utopia with toxigenic potential. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region revealed a community dominated by members of the order Synechococcales (from 38 to 96% relative abundance), but with significant presence of taxa from Cyanobacteriales including Microcystaceae and Nostocaceae. A persistent Microcystis population was detected in samples both testing positive and negative for the mcyE gene, highlighting the importance of identifying cyanotoxin production potential by gene presence and not species identity. To our knowledge, this study represents the first application of amplicon-based approaches to studying toxic cyanobacteria in an understudied region-Atlantic Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan Brown
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Kristen Hawkes
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Rossella Calvaruso
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Adrian Reyes-Prieto
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Janice Lawrence
- Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, PO Box 4400, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
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Budzałek G, Śliwińska-Wilczewska S, Klin M, Wiśniewska K, Latała A, Wiktor JM. Changes in Growth, Photosynthesis Performance, Pigments, and Toxin Contents of Bloom-Forming Cyanobacteria after Exposure to Macroalgal Allelochemicals. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:589. [PMID: 34437460 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae can directly restrict the growth of various phytoplankton species by releasing allelopathic compounds; therefore, considerable attention should be paid to the allelopathic potential of these organisms against harmful and bloom-forming cyanobacteria. The main aim of this study was to demonstrate for the first time the allelopathic activity of Ulva intestinalis on the growth, the fluorescence parameters: the maximum PSII quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) and the effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ΦPSII), the chlorophyll a (Chl a) and carotenoid (Car) content, and the microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and phenol content of three bloom-forming cyanobacteria, Aphanizomenon sp., Nodularia spumigena, and Nostoc sp. We found both negative and positive allelopathic effects of U. intestinalis on tested cyanobacteria. The study clearly showed that the addition of the filtrate of U. intestinalis significantly inhibited growth, decreased pigment content and Fv/Fm and ΦPSII values of N. spumigena and Nostoc sp., and stimulated Aphanizomenon sp. The addition of different concentrations of aqueous extract also stimulated the cyanobacterial growth. It was also shown that the addition of extract obtained from U. intestinalis caused a significant decrease in the MC-LR content in Nostoc sp. cells. Moreover, it the phenol content in N. spumigena cells was increased. On the other hand, the cell-specific phenol content for Aphanizomenon sp. decreased due to the addition of the filtrate. In this work, we demonstrated that the allelopathic effect of U. intestinalis depends on the target species’ identity as well as the type of allelopathic method used. The study of the allelopathic Baltic macroalgae may help to identify their possible role as a significant biological factor influencing harmful cyanobacterial blooms in brackish ecosystems.
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Tazart Z, Manganelli M, Scardala S, Buratti FM, Nigro Di Gregorio F, Douma M, Mouhri K, Testai E, Loudiki M. Remediation Strategies to Control Toxic Cyanobacterial Blooms: Effects of Macrophyte Aqueous Extracts on Microcystis aeruginosa (Growth, Toxin Production and Oxidative Stress Response) and on Bacterial Ectoenzymatic Activities. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081782. [PMID: 34442861 PMCID: PMC8400474 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing toxic cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater demand environmentally friendly solutions to control their growth and toxicity, especially in arid countries, where most drinking water is produced from surface reservoirs. We tested the effects of macrophyte allelochemicals on Microcystis aeruginosa and on the fundamental role of bacteria in nutrient recycling. The effects of Ranunculus aquatilis aqueous extract, the most bioactive of four Moroccan macrophyte extracts, were tested in batch systems on M. aeruginosa growth, toxin production and oxidative stress response and on the ectoenzymatic activity associated with the bacterial community. M. aeruginosa density was reduced by 82.18%, and a significant increase in oxidative stress markers was evidenced in cyanobacterial cells. Microcystin concentration significantly decreased, and they were detected only intracellularly, an important aspect in managing toxic blooms. R. aquatilis extract had no negative effects on associated bacteria. These results confirm a promising use of macrophyte extracts, but they cannot be generalized. The use of the extract on other toxic strains, such as Planktothrix rubescens, Raphidiopsis raciborskii and Chrysosporum ovalisporum, caused a reduction in growth rate but not in cyanotoxin content, increasing toxicity. The need to assess species-specific cyanobacteria responses to verify the efficacy and safety of the extracts for human health and the environment is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zakaria Tazart
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment & Health Department, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (Z.T.); (S.S.); (F.M.B.); (F.N.D.G.); (E.T.)
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (K.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Maura Manganelli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment & Health Department, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (Z.T.); (S.S.); (F.M.B.); (F.N.D.G.); (E.T.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Simona Scardala
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment & Health Department, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (Z.T.); (S.S.); (F.M.B.); (F.N.D.G.); (E.T.)
| | - Franca Maria Buratti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment & Health Department, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (Z.T.); (S.S.); (F.M.B.); (F.N.D.G.); (E.T.)
| | - Federica Nigro Di Gregorio
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment & Health Department, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (Z.T.); (S.S.); (F.M.B.); (F.N.D.G.); (E.T.)
| | - Mountasser Douma
- Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology Research Unit, Polydisciplinary Faculty of Khouribga (FPK), Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco;
| | - Khadija Mouhri
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (K.M.); (M.L.)
| | - Emanuela Testai
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Environment & Health Department, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (Z.T.); (S.S.); (F.M.B.); (F.N.D.G.); (E.T.)
| | - Mohammed Loudiki
- Water, Biodiversity and Climate Change Laboratory, Phycology, Biotechnology and Environmental Toxicology Research Unit, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Av. Prince My Abdellah P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco; (K.M.); (M.L.)
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Zerva I, Remmas N, Kagalou I, Melidis P, Ariantsi M, Sylaios G, Ntougias S. Effect of Chlorination on Microbiological Quality of Effluent of a Full-Scale Wastewater Treatment Plant. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:68. [PMID: 33477775 PMCID: PMC7832327 DOI: 10.3390/life11010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of effluent wastewater quality mainly relies on the assessment of conventional bacterial indicators, such as fecal coliforms and enterococci; however, little is known about opportunistic pathogens, which can resist chlorination and may be transmitted in aquatic environments. In contrast to conventional microbiological methods, high-throughput molecular techniques can provide an accurate evaluation of effluent quality, although a limited number of studies have been performed in this direction. In this work, high-throughput amplicon sequencing was employed to assess the effectiveness of chlorination as a disinfection method for secondary effluents. Common inhabitants of the intestinal tract, such as Bacteroides, Arcobacter and Clostridium, and activated sludge denitrifiers capable of forming biofilms, such as Acidovorax, Pseudomonas and Thauera, were identified in the chlorinated effluent. Chloroflexi with dechlorination capability and the bacteria involved in enhanced biological phosphorus removal, i.e., Candidatus Accumulibacter and Candidatus Competibacter, were also found to resist chlorination. No detection of Escherichia indicates the lack of fecal coliform contamination. Mycobacterium spp. were absent in the chlorinated effluent, whereas toxin-producing cyanobacteria of the genera Anabaena and Microcystis were identified in low abundances. Chlorination significantly affected the filamentous bacteria Nocardioides and Gordonia, whereas Zoogloea proliferated in the disinfected effluent. Moreover, perchlorate/chlorate- and organochlorine-reducing bacteria resisted chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Zerva
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132 Xanthi, Greece; (I.Z.); (N.R.); (P.M.); (M.A.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132 Xanthi, Greece;
| | - Nikolaos Remmas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132 Xanthi, Greece; (I.Z.); (N.R.); (P.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Ifigeneia Kagalou
- Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132 Xanthi, Greece;
| | - Paraschos Melidis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132 Xanthi, Greece; (I.Z.); (N.R.); (P.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Marina Ariantsi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132 Xanthi, Greece; (I.Z.); (N.R.); (P.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Georgios Sylaios
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Laboratory of Ecological Engineering and Technology, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132 Xanthi, Greece;
| | - Spyridon Ntougias
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Laboratory of Wastewater Management and Treatment Technologies, Democritus University of Thrace, Vas. Sofias 12, 67132 Xanthi, Greece; (I.Z.); (N.R.); (P.M.); (M.A.)
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Oliveira F, Diez-Quijada L, Turkina MV, Morais J, Felpeto AB, Azevedo J, Jos A, Camean AM, Vasconcelos V, Martins JC, Campos A. Physiological and Metabolic Responses of Marine Mussels Exposed to Toxic Cyanobacteria Microcystis aeruginosa and Chrysosporum ovalisporum. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12030196. [PMID: 32245045 PMCID: PMC7150937 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12030196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacterial blooms are a major contaminant in inland aquatic ecosystems. Furthermore, toxic blooms are carried downstream by rivers and waterways to estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Concerning marine and estuarine animal species, very little is known about how these species are affected by the exposure to freshwater cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins. So far, most of the knowledge has been gathered from freshwater bivalve molluscs. This work aimed to infer the sensitivity of the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis to single as well as mixed toxic cyanobacterial cultures and the underlying molecular responses mediated by toxic cyanobacteria. For this purpose, a mussel exposure experiment was outlined with two toxic cyanobacteria species, Microcystis aeruginosa and Chrysosporum ovalisporum at 1 × 105 cells/mL, resembling a natural cyanobacteria bloom. The estimated amount of toxins produced by M. aeruginosa and C. ovalisporum were respectively 0.023 pg/cell of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and 7.854 pg/cell of cylindrospermopsin (CYN). After 15 days of exposure to single and mixed cyanobacteria, a depuration phase followed, during which mussels were fed only non-toxic microalga Parachlorella kessleri. The results showed that the marine mussel is able to filter toxic cyanobacteria at a rate equal or higher than the non-toxic microalga P. kessleri. Filtration rates observed after 15 days of feeding toxic microalgae were 1773.04 mL/ind.h (for M. aeruginosa), 2151.83 mL/ind.h (for C. ovalisporum), 1673.29 mL/ind.h (for the mixture of the 2 cyanobacteria) and 2539.25 mL/ind.h (for the non-toxic P. kessleri). Filtering toxic microalgae in combination resulted in the accumulation of 14.17 ng/g dw MC-LR and 92.08 ng/g dw CYN. Other physiological and biochemical endpoints (dry weight, byssus production, total protein and glycogen) measured in this work did not change significantly in the groups exposed to toxic cyanobacteria with regard to control group, suggesting that mussels were not affected with the toxic microalgae. Nevertheless, proteomics revealed changes in metabolism of mussels related to diet, specially evident in those fed on combined cyanobacteria. Changes in metabolic pathways related with protein folding and stabilization, cytoskeleton structure, and gene transcription/translation were observed after exposure and feeding toxic cyanobacteria. These changes occur in vital metabolic processes and may contribute to protect mussels from toxic effects of the toxins MC-LR and CYN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Oliveira
- CIIMAR- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450–208 Porto, Portugal; (F.O.); (J.M.); (A.B.F.); (J.A.); (V.V.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Leticia Diez-Quijada
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (L.D.-Q.); (A.J.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Maria V. Turkina
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - João Morais
- CIIMAR- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450–208 Porto, Portugal; (F.O.); (J.M.); (A.B.F.); (J.A.); (V.V.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Aldo Barreiro Felpeto
- CIIMAR- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450–208 Porto, Portugal; (F.O.); (J.M.); (A.B.F.); (J.A.); (V.V.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Joana Azevedo
- CIIMAR- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450–208 Porto, Portugal; (F.O.); (J.M.); (A.B.F.); (J.A.); (V.V.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Angeles Jos
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (L.D.-Q.); (A.J.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Ana M. Camean
- Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Profesor García González n2, 41012 Seville, Spain; (L.D.-Q.); (A.J.); (A.M.C.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450–208 Porto, Portugal; (F.O.); (J.M.); (A.B.F.); (J.A.); (V.V.); (J.C.M.)
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169–007 Porto, Portugal
| | - José Carlos Martins
- CIIMAR- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450–208 Porto, Portugal; (F.O.); (J.M.); (A.B.F.); (J.A.); (V.V.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Alexandre Campos
- CIIMAR- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450–208 Porto, Portugal; (F.O.); (J.M.); (A.B.F.); (J.A.); (V.V.); (J.C.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Piel T, Sandrini G, White E, Xu T, Schuurmans JM, Huisman J, Visser PM. Suppressing Cyanobacteria with Hydrogen Peroxide Is More Effective at High Light Intensities. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 12:toxins12010018. [PMID: 31906135 PMCID: PMC7020451 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) can be used as an emergency method to selectively suppress cyanobacterial blooms in lakes and drinking water reservoirs. However, it is largely unknown how environmental parameters alter the effectiveness of H2O2 treatments. In this study, the toxic cyanobacterial strain Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806 was treated with a range of H2O2 concentrations (0 to 10 mg/L), while being exposed to different light intensities and light colors. H2O2 treatments caused a stronger decline of the photosynthetic yield in high light than in low light or in the dark, and also a stronger decline in orange than in blue light. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that H2O2 causes major damage at photosystem II (PSII) and interferes with PSII repair, which makes cells more sensitive to photoinhibition. Furthermore, H2O2 treatments caused a decrease in cell size and an increase in extracellular microcystin concentrations, indicative of leakage from disrupted cells. Our findings imply that even low H2O2 concentrations of 1–2 mg/L can be highly effective, if cyanobacteria are exposed to high light intensities. We therefore recommend performing lake treatments during sunny days, when a low H2O2 dosage is sufficient to suppress cyanobacteria, and may help to minimize impacts on non-target organisms.
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Scherer PI, Raeder U, Geist J, Zwirglmaier K. Influence of temperature, mixing, and addition of microcystin-LR on microcystin gene expression in Microcystis aeruginosa. Microbiologyopen 2017; 6:e00393. [PMID: 27411372 PMCID: PMC5300888 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria, such as the toxin producer Microcystis aeruginosa, are predicted to be favored by global warming both directly, through elevated water temperatures, and indirectly, through factors such as prolonged stratification of waterbodies. M. aeruginosa is able to produce the hepatotoxin microcystin, which causes great concern in freshwater management worldwide. However, little is known about the expression of microcystin synthesis genes in response to climate change-related factors. In this study, a new RT-qPCR assay employing four reference genes (GAPDH, gltA, rpoC1, and rpoD) was developed to assess the expression of two target genes (the microcystin synthesis genes mcyB and mcyD). This assay was used to investigate changes in mcyB and mcyD expression in response to selected environmental factors associated with global warming. A 10°C rise in temperature significantly increased mcyB expression, but not mcyD expression. Neither mixing nor the addition of microcystin-LR (10 μg L-1 or 60 μg L-1 ) significantly altered mcyB and mcyD expression. The expression levels of mcyB and mcyD were correlated but not identical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia I. Scherer
- Aquatic Systems Biology UnitLimnological Research Station IffeldorfDepartment of Ecology and Ecosystem ManagementTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Uta Raeder
- Aquatic Systems Biology UnitLimnological Research Station IffeldorfDepartment of Ecology and Ecosystem ManagementTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Juergen Geist
- Aquatic Systems Biology UnitLimnological Research Station IffeldorfDepartment of Ecology and Ecosystem ManagementTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Katrin Zwirglmaier
- Aquatic Systems Biology UnitLimnological Research Station IffeldorfDepartment of Ecology and Ecosystem ManagementTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Present address: Bundeswehr Institute of MicrobiologyMunichGermany
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Millie DF, Fahnenstiel GL, Weckman GR, Klarer DM, Dyble J, Vanderploeg HA, Fishman DB. AN "ENVIRO-INFORMATIC" ASSESSMENT OF SAGINAW BAY (LAKE HURON, USA) PHYTOPLANKTON: DATA-DRIVEN CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING OF MICROCYSTIS (CYANOPHYTA)(1). J Phycol 2011; 47:714-730. [PMID: 27020008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2011.01022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplankton and Microcystis aeruginosa (Kütz.) Kütz. biovolumes were characterized and modeled, respectively, with regard to hydrological and meteorological variables during zebra mussel invasion in Saginaw Bay (1990-1996). Total phytoplankton and Microcystis biomass within the inner bay were one and one-half and six times greater, respectively, than those of the outer bay. Following mussel invasion, mean total biomass in the inner bay decreased 84% but then returned to its approximate initial value. Microcystis was not present in the bay during 1990 and 1991 and thereafter occurred at/in 52% of sample sites/dates with the greatest biomass occurring in 1994-1996 and within months having water temperatures >19°C. With an overall relative biomass of 0.03 ± 0.01 (mean + SE), Microcystis had, at best, a marginal impact upon holistic compositional dynamics. Dynamics of the centric diatom Cyclotella ocellata Pant. and large pennate diatoms dominated compositional dissimilarities both inter- and intra-annually. The environmental variables that corresponded with phytoplankton distributions were similar for the inner and outer bays, and together identified physical forcing and biotic utilization of nutrients as determinants of system-level biomass patterns. Nonparametric models explained 70%-85% of the variability in Microcystis biovolumes and identified maximal biomass to occur at total phosphorus (TP) concentrations ranging from 40 to 45 μg · L(-1) . From isometric projections depicting modeled Microcystis/environmental interactions, a TP concentration of <30 μg · L(-1) was identified as a desirable contemporary "target" for management efforts to ameliorate bloom potentials throughout mussel-impacted bay waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Millie
- Florida Institute of Oceanography, University of South Florida & Florida Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish & Wildlife Commission, Saint Petersburg, Florida 33701, USAGreat Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory-Lake Michigan Field Station, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Muskegon, Michigan 49441, USADepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USAOld Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, 2514 Cleveland Rd., West, Huron, Ohio 44839, USAGreat Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USABCS, Incorporated, 8920 Stephens Rd., Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - Gary L Fahnenstiel
- Florida Institute of Oceanography, University of South Florida & Florida Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish & Wildlife Commission, Saint Petersburg, Florida 33701, USAGreat Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory-Lake Michigan Field Station, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Muskegon, Michigan 49441, USADepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USAOld Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, 2514 Cleveland Rd., West, Huron, Ohio 44839, USAGreat Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USABCS, Incorporated, 8920 Stephens Rd., Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - Gary R Weckman
- Florida Institute of Oceanography, University of South Florida & Florida Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish & Wildlife Commission, Saint Petersburg, Florida 33701, USAGreat Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory-Lake Michigan Field Station, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Muskegon, Michigan 49441, USADepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USAOld Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, 2514 Cleveland Rd., West, Huron, Ohio 44839, USAGreat Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USABCS, Incorporated, 8920 Stephens Rd., Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - David M Klarer
- Florida Institute of Oceanography, University of South Florida & Florida Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish & Wildlife Commission, Saint Petersburg, Florida 33701, USAGreat Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory-Lake Michigan Field Station, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Muskegon, Michigan 49441, USADepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USAOld Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, 2514 Cleveland Rd., West, Huron, Ohio 44839, USAGreat Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USABCS, Incorporated, 8920 Stephens Rd., Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - Julianne Dyble
- Florida Institute of Oceanography, University of South Florida & Florida Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish & Wildlife Commission, Saint Petersburg, Florida 33701, USAGreat Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory-Lake Michigan Field Station, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Muskegon, Michigan 49441, USADepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USAOld Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, 2514 Cleveland Rd., West, Huron, Ohio 44839, USAGreat Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USABCS, Incorporated, 8920 Stephens Rd., Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - Henry A Vanderploeg
- Florida Institute of Oceanography, University of South Florida & Florida Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish & Wildlife Commission, Saint Petersburg, Florida 33701, USAGreat Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory-Lake Michigan Field Station, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Muskegon, Michigan 49441, USADepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USAOld Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, 2514 Cleveland Rd., West, Huron, Ohio 44839, USAGreat Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USABCS, Incorporated, 8920 Stephens Rd., Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
| | - Daniel B Fishman
- Florida Institute of Oceanography, University of South Florida & Florida Wildlife Research Institute, Florida Fish & Wildlife Commission, Saint Petersburg, Florida 33701, USAGreat Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory-Lake Michigan Field Station, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Muskegon, Michigan 49441, USADepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USAOld Woman Creek National Estuarine Research Reserve, Ohio Department of Natural Resources, 2514 Cleveland Rd., West, Huron, Ohio 44839, USAGreat Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USABCS, Incorporated, 8920 Stephens Rd., Laurel, Maryland 20723, USA
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Posselt AJ, Burford MA, Shaw G. PULSES OF PHOSPHATE PROMOTE DOMINANCE OF THE TOXIC CYANOPHYTE CYLINDROSPERMOPSIS RACIBORSKII IN A SUBTROPICAL WATER RESERVOIR(1). J Phycol 2009; 45:540-546. [PMID: 27034030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00675.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The role of dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) in promoting dominance of the toxic nitrogen (N)-fixing cyanobacterium Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii (Wołosz.) Seenayya et Subba Raju was examined in a subtropical water reservoir, Lake Samsonvale (=North Pine reservoir). A novel in situ bioassay approach, using dialysis tubing rather than bottles or bags, was used to determine the change in C. raciborskii dominance with daily additions of DIP. A statistically significant increase in dominance of C. raciborskii was observed when DIP was added at two concentrations (0.32 μM and 16 μM) in a daily pulse over a 4 d period in three separate experiments in the summer of 2006/2007. There was an increase in both C. raciborskii cell concentrations and biovolume in two DIP treatments, but not in the ammoniacal N + DIP treatment. In addition, overall phytoplankton cell concentrations increased with DIP addition, indicating that Lake Samsonvale was DIP limited at the time of experiments. Given the bioassay response, it is likely that dominance of C. raciborskii could increase in Lake Samsonvale with periodic injections of DIP such as inflow events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Posselt
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, AustraliaAustralian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Logan Campus, Meadowbrook, Queensland 4131, Australia
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, AustraliaAustralian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Logan Campus, Meadowbrook, Queensland 4131, Australia
| | - Glen Shaw
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, AustraliaAustralian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Logan Campus, Meadowbrook, Queensland 4131, Australia
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