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Onukwufor JO, Somo DA, Richards JG, Wood CM. Osmo-respiratory compromise in the mosshead sculpin (Clinocottus globiceps): effects of temperature, hypoxia, and re-oxygenation on rates of diffusive water flux and oxygen uptake. Fish Physiol Biochem 2023; 49:853-866. [PMID: 37526893 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In nature, mosshead sculpins (Clinocottus globiceps) are challenged by fluctuations in temperature and oxygen levels in their environment. However, it is unclear how mosshead sculpins modulate the permeability of their branchial epithelia to water and O2 in response to temperature or hypoxia stress. Acute decrease in temperature from 13 to 6 oC reduced diffusive water flux rate by 22% and ṀO2 by 51%, whereas acute increase in temperature from 13 to 25 oC increased diffusive water flux rate by 217% and ṀO2 by 140%, yielding overall Q10 values of 2.08 and 2.47 respectively. Acute reductions in oxygen tension from >95% to 20% or 10% air saturation did not impact diffusive water flux rates, however, ṀO2 was reduced significantly by 36% and 65% respectively. During 1-h or 3-h recovery periods diffusive water flux rates were depressed while ṀO2 exhibited overshoots beyond the normoxic control level. Many responses differed from those seen in our parallel earlier study on the tidepool sculpin, a cottid with similar hypoxia tolerance but much smaller gill area that occupies a similar environment. Overall, our data suggest that during temperature stress, diffusive water flux rates and ṀO2 follow the traditional osmo-respiratory compromise pattern, but during hypoxia and re-oxygenation stress, diffusive water flux rates are decoupled from ṀO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O Onukwufor
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
| | - Derek A Somo
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Jeffrey G Richards
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Chris M Wood
- Department of Zoology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
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2
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Xiao X, Matsunaga H, Orita M, Kashiwazaki Y, Taira Y, Win TZ, Lochard J, Schneider T, Takamura N. Assessment of Radiation Risk Perception and Interest in Tritiated Water among Returnees to and Evacuees from Tomioka Town within 20 km of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2690. [PMID: 36768061 PMCID: PMC9915426 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate radiation risk perception, mental health, and interest in tritiated water among evacuees from and returnees to Tomioka town, Japan, as well as to evaluate the intention to return (ITR) among evacuees living inside and outside Fukushima Prefecture. Of the 1728 respondents, 318 (18.4%) and 1203 (69.6%) participants reported living outside and inside Fukushima Prefecture, and 207 (12.0%) reported living in Tomioka. The ITR was not significantly different between those who lived inside and outside the prefecture among the evacuees. Similarly, there were no significant differences in radiation risk perception, mental health, and interest in tritiated water. However, the evacuees were independently associated with a motivation to learn about tritiated water (OR = 1.242, 95%Cl: 1.041-1.438, p = 0.016), reluctance to consume food from Tomioka (OR = 1.635, 95%Cl: 1.372-1.948, p < 0.001), and concern that adverse health effects would occur because of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident (OR = 1.279, 95%Cl: 1.055-1.550, p = 0.012) compared to returnees, according to logistic regression analysis. Interestingly, the returnees were found to have better mental health but lower life satisfaction than the evacuees. These findings suggest the importance of ongoing risk communication about radiation exposure and tritiated water among residents regardless of their place of residency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xiao
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hitomi Matsunaga
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Makiko Orita
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yuya Kashiwazaki
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Taira
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Thu Zar Win
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Jacques Lochard
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Thierry Schneider
- Nuclear Protection Evaluation Center (CEPN), 92260 Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Noboru Takamura
- Department of Global Health, Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
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Yan HB, Liu YT, Li ZY, Wu ZJ, Zhang M, Xue PJ, Liu YL, Wang KZ, He YM, Tu Y, Cui FM, Chen Q. Tritiated Water Induces Toxicity in Human Umbilical Vein Vascular Endothelial Cells via IL8. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820938541. [PMID: 32684872 PMCID: PMC7343372 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820938541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine the toxic effects of tritiated water (HTO) on 12 generations (T1-T12) of human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We evaluated cellular senescence, interleukin (IL) 8 concentrations, and angiogenesis using β-galactosidase staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and in vitro assays, respectively. The adhesion properties of contaminated cells and differentially expressed genes were assessed using the xCELLigence RTCA SP system and gene chip analysis, respectively. We found that long-term exposure to low levels of HTO can reduce the adhesion of HUVECs to the cellular matrix as well as their angiogenic capacity, while increasing their permeability, senescence, and adhesion to monocytes. Interleukin 8 activated the p38 and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) pathways in HTO-treated cells and hence was identified as a key candidate of biomarker. The present study clarified the toxicity of HTO in vascular endothelial cells and identified IL8 as a novel protective target with important theoretical and practical values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Tong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei-Jun Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Long Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Yong-Ming He
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Mei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Quan Y, Lin J, Deng B. The response of human mesenchymal stem cells to internal exposure to tritium β-rays. J Radiat Res 2019; 60:476-482. [PMID: 31165153 PMCID: PMC6640910 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
There is no doubt that estimating the exposure risk of external and internal low-dose radiation is an imperative issue in radiobiological study. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are multipotent and self-renewing, supporting the regeneration of damaged tissue, including tissue damaged by radiation. However, the responses of hMSCs to internal exposure to radionuclides are still insufficiently understood. In order to evaluate the adverse effects produced by internal exposure to tritiated water (HTO) at a low dose, hMSCs were exposed to 2 × 107 Bq/ml HTO, and the biological effects after the exposure were examined. Apoptosis and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were assayed to analyze the cellular response to the damage induced by HTO. Slight enhancement of apoptosis was found after treatment, except at the dose of 9 mGy. The number of DSBs at 24 h post-irradiation showed that the DNA damage was able to be efficiently repaired by the hMSCs. Moreover, the increasing proportion of the cell population in S phase proved that the persistence of residual γH2AX foci at lower concentrations of HTO was attributable to the secondary production of DSBs in DNA replication. Our work adds to the available data, helping us understand the risk of stem cell transformation due to internal exposure and its correlation with low-dose radiation-induced carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Quan
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinxian Lin
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bing Deng
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, People’s Republic of China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Zuo X, Chen Q, Li H, Zhang K, Wang K, Tu Y, Hu M, Cui F, Liu Y. Effects of Chahuangjing on Decorporation and Radiation Protection Against Tritiated Water. Dose Response 2018; 16:1559325818810650. [PMID: 30505249 PMCID: PMC6256306 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818810650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Chahuangjing, a novel traditional Chinese medicinal compound, on decorporation and radiation protection against tritiated water (HTO). Sixty male specific-pathogen-free-grade C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into 12 groups: mice in 4 control groups were intraperitoneally injected with sterile water; mice in 4 HTO groups were intraperitoneally injected with 11.1 × 105 Bq/g of HTO; and mice in the other 4 groups were administered with HTO and a Chahuangjing compound (0.2 mL, once daily). After 1, 7, 14, and 21 days, the mice were killed and samples were collected. A liquid scintillation counting method was used for tritium measurement. A fully automated hematology analyzer was used to assess blood samples. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content was analyzed using commercial kits. Chahuangjing significantly increased decorporation and shortened the effective half-life of tritium. To a certain extent, Chahuangjing alleviated the HTO-induced reduction in white blood cells and elevated red blood cells after HTO exposure. Moreover, Chahuangjing alleviated the HTO-induced reduction in SOD activity and reduced MDA. Our study demonstrated that Chahuangjing can enhance the elimination of tritium and reduce free radicals to alleviate HTO-induced radiation injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of Digestive Disease, the Third affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Houwen Li
- Health Physics Department, CNNP Nuclear Power Operations Management Co., Ltd., Haiyan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Kongzhao Wang
- Health Physics Department, CNNP Nuclear Power Operations Management Co., Ltd., Haiyan, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Mingjiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Fengmei Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China.,Department of Oncology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Suzhou 215004, China
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6
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Lehman PA, Beatch K, Raney SG, Franz TJ. The Tritiated Water Skin Barrier Integrity Test: Considerations for Acceptance Criteria with and Without 14C-Octanol. Pharm Res 2016; 34:217-228. [PMID: 27822852 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-016-2057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A study was designed to assess barrier integrity simultaneously using separate compounds (probes) for polar and non-polar pathways through the skin, 3H2O and 14C-octanol, respectively; and to determine whether the two probe approach could better define barrier integrity. METHODS A 5-min dose of water containing 3H2O and 14C -octanol was applied to ex vivo human skin mounted in Franz diffusion cells. The receptor solution was sampled at 30 min, analyzed for 3H and 14C content, and the correlation between water and octanol absorption was determined by statistical tests suitable for non-normally distributed data. This study was conducted on skin from 37 donors with from 3 to 30 replicate skin sections per donor (a total of 426 sections). RESULTS The correlation between 3H2O and 14C-octanol absorption was low (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.3485). The 3H2O absorption cutoff used in this study to select for a normal skin barrier rejected some sections in which 14C-octanol absorption was within normal limits and accepted others in which 14C-octanol absorption was abnormally high. The converse was true for 3H2O absorption when the 14C-octanol-based cutoff was used. CONCLUSIONS The results of the 3H2O test or of similar tests that primarily assess the permeability of polar pathways through the skin may not necessarily provide information relevant to the absorption of highly lipophilic compounds. Octanol, or another molecule that more closely matches the physicochemical attributes of the test compound, may characterize properties of the skin barrier that are more relevant to compounds of low water solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Lehman
- Dermal & Transdermal Research Services, QPS Holdings LLC, 3 Innovation Way, Suite 240, Newark, Delaware, 19711, USA
| | - Kacie Beatch
- Translational Medicine, Upsher-Smith Laboratories Inc, 6701 Evenstad Drive N, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55369, USA
| | - Sam G Raney
- Office of Generic Drugs, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Thomas J Franz
- , 10716 SE Forest View LN, Happy Valley, Oregon, 97086, USA.
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7
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Furuta E, Iwasaki N, Kato Y, Tomozoe Y. A new tritiated water measurement method with plastic scintillator pellets. Isotopes Environ Health Stud 2016; 52:560-566. [PMID: 26856930 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2015.1133618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A new tritiated water measurement method with plastic scintillator pellets (PS-pellets) by using a conventional liquid scintillation counter was developed. The PS-pellets used were 3 mm in both diameter and length. A low potassium glass vial was filled full with the pellets, and tritiated water was applied to the vial from 5 to 100 μl. Then, the sample solution was scattered in the interstices of the pellets in a vial. This method needs no liquid scintillator, so no liquid organic waste fluid is generated. The counting efficiency with the pellets was approximately 48 % when a 5 μl solution was used, which was higher than that of conventional measurement using liquid scintillator. The relationship between count rate and activity showed good linearity. The pellets were able to be used repeatedly, so few solid wastes are generated with this method. The PS-pellets are useful for tritiated water measurement; however, it is necessary to develop a new device which can be applied to a larger volume and measure low level concentration like an environmental application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Furuta
- a Faculty of Core Research , Ochanomizu University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Noriko Iwasaki
- a Faculty of Core Research , Ochanomizu University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Yuka Kato
- b Hitachi-Aloka Medical, Ltd ., Tokyo , Japan
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8
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Cui FM, Liu L, Zheng LL, Bao GL, Tu Y, Sun L, Zhu W, Cao JP, Zhou PK, Chen Q, He YM. The Role of miR-34a in Tritiated Water Toxicity in Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells. Dose Response 2016; 14:1559325816638585. [PMID: 27099602 PMCID: PMC4822198 DOI: 10.1177/1559325816638585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the toxic effects of tritiated water (HTO) on the cardiovascular system. We examined the role of microRNA-34a (miR-34a) in DNA damage and repair in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) exposed to HTO. Cell proliferation capacity was evaluated by cell counting, and miR-34a expression was detected using quantitative PCR (QT-PCR). The Comet assay and γ-H2AX immunostaining were used to measure DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to measure the expression level of c-myc messenger RNA (mRNA). The cells exposed to HTO showed significantly lower proliferation than the control cells over 3 days. The DNA damage in the HTO group was more severe than that in the control group, at each time point examined. The expression of miR-34a mimics caused increased DNA DSBs whereas that of the miR-34a inhibitor caused decreased DNA DSBs. The proliferation viability was the opposite for the miR-34a mimics and inhibitor groups. The expression levels of c-myc mRNA in cells transfected with miR-34a mimics were lower than that in cells transfected with the miR-34a-5p inhibitor, at 0.5 hours and 2 hours after transfection. In summary, miR-34a mediates HTO toxicity in HUVECs by downregulating the expression of c-myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Mei Cui
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine, Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lu Lin Zheng
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guang Liang Bao
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Tu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine, Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine, Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine, Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Ping Cao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine, Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Ping Kun Zhou
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine, Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Qiu Chen
- Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine, Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, China
| | - Yong Ming He
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Lucas LL. Massic Activity Ratios of the NBS/NIST Tritiated-Water Standards Issued Between 1954 and 1999. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 2000; 105:535-9. [PMID: 27551620 PMCID: PMC4877154 DOI: 10.6028/jres.105.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2000] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
As part of the preparation and calibration of three new National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) tritiated-water radioactivity Standard Reference Materials (SRMs), the massic-activity (activity of the sample divided by the mass of the sample) ratios of all of the available NBS/NIST tritiated-water SRMs issued between 1954 and 1999 were measured using liquid-scintillation (LS) counting. Four of the tritiated-water standards (SRMs 4361, 4926B, 4927C, and 4927D) were not available for measurement. All of the other tritiated-water standards (SRMs 4361B, 4361C, 4926, 4926C, 4926D, 4926E, 4927, 4927B, 4927E, and 4927F) were available, having been stored in flame-sealed glass ampoules. Where possible, massic-activity ratios measured by liquid-scintillation counting are compared with massic-activity ratios calculated from gravimetric dilution factors. The agreement is well within the stated uncertainties. For two of the tritiated-water standards that were not available for measurement (SRMs 4361 and 4926B), massic-activity ratios calculated from gravimetric dilution factors are available.
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